200 lines
21 KiB
XML
200 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="06B545DC601F4514F813BA09841ACEFA" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D725F520FC9F5EB0FAFE502C" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Belisariini Lourenco 1998, new status" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7CF3C45047A3147190A0F01C0F05D81B">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3988C8E62AE548291316581919C15416">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD113156DCFEDB5B53A80CCDDEE5D69E">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5A619FB11AB10036ABE19D2324432D08">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AB48DDE48CF664D9001A7423B6B6F1C1">
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<mods:date id="D8C0ED2C2B19B97C9C37A4706108590D">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FA232DA26D9905D134E4609C741EAFD5">2003</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D725F520FC9F5EB0FAFE502C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785215" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D725F520FC9F5EB0FAFE502C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D725F520FC9F5EB0FAFE502C" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D725F520FC9F5EB0FA8656D1" box="[830,1334,199,222]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D725F520FC9F5EB0FA8656D1" blockId="105.[830,1441,199,1571]" box="[830,1334,199,222]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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<heading id="D0D481AFD725F520FC9F5EB0FA8656D1" box="[830,1334,199,222]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FC9F5EB0FA8656D1" bold="true" box="[830,1334,199,222]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FC245EB0FB0356D1" authority="Lourenco, 1998" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1998" box="[901,1203,199,222]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="new status" tribe="Belisariini">Belisariini Lourenço, 1998</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26457AAD725F520FB1F5EB0FA8656D1" box="[1214,1334,199,222]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">new status</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D725F520FCCF5E91FB9C5778" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D725F520FCCF5E91FAB156F2" blockId="105.[830,1441,199,1571]" box="[878,1281,230,253]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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<typeStatus id="54988861D725F520FCCF5E91FC1356F2" box="[878,931,230,253]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Type</typeStatus>
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Genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FC5E5E91FB4D56F2" ID-CoL="3992" authority="Simon, 1879" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[1023,1277,230,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Belisariidae" genus="Belisarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FC5E5E91FBDB56F2" box="[1023,1131,230,253]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Belisarius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D725F520FBD35E91FB4D56F2" author="Simon" box="[1138,1277,230,253]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" pagination="79 - 115" refId="ref96627" refString="SIMON, E. 1879. 3 e Ordre. - Scorpiones. Pp. 79 - 115 in: Les Arachnides de France. VII. Contenant les Ordres des Chernetes, Scorpiones et Opiliones. Paris: Roret." type="book chapter" year="1879">Simon, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D725F520FCCF5F73FB9C5778" blockId="105.[830,1441,199,1571]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FCCF5F73FBB05714" bold="true" box="[878,1024,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Composition.</emphasis>
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This new monotypic tribe includes monotypic genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FBA25F54FBDF5735" ID-CoL="3992" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[1027,1135,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Belisariidae" genus="Belisarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FBA25F54FBDF5735" box="[1027,1135,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Belisarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The former subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FAD85F54FC105756" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belisariinae">Belisariinae</taxonomicName>
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is downgraded here to the tribe rank under the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FC115F17FB995778" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[944,1065,352,375]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brotheinae">Brotheinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D725F520FCCF5F08FA315509" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D725F520FCCF5F08FAB15799" blockId="105.[830,1441,199,1571]" box="[878,1281,383,406]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FCCF5F08FC435799" bold="true" box="[878,1011,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Distribution</emphasis>
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. Europe (
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<collectingCountry id="F3347653D725F520FBFD5F08FB195799" box="[1116,1193,383,406]" name="France" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3347653D725F520FB155F08FB455799" box="[1204,1269,383,406]" name="Spain" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Spain</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D725F520FCCF5FE9FB085441" blockId="105.[830,1441,199,1571]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FCCF5FE9FB8E57BA" bold="true" box="[878,1086,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
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. Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FB2C5FE9FB4C57BA" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1998" box="[1165,1276,414,437]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Belisariini">Belisariini</taxonomicName>
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corresponds to the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FC505FCBFBC057DC" box="[1009,1136,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belisariinae">Belisariinae</taxonomicName>
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introduced by Lourenço (1998a; incorrect original spelling Belisarinae) who followed unpublished classification of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D725F520FB7B5F8DFA2C541E" author="Stockwell" box="[1242,1436,506,529]" firstAuthor="Stockwell" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" refId="ref97854" refString="STOCKWELL, S. A. 1989. Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata). Ph. D. Thesis, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California. 319 pp. (unpublished). University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan." type="book" year="1989">Stockwell (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FC9F5C6FFC0E5420" box="[830,958,536,559]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belisariinae">Belisariinae</taxonomicName>
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was originally placed in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FAEF5C6FFB045441" authority="(Fet & Sissom, 2000 b)" baseAuthorityName="Fet & Sissom" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Arachnida" family="Troglotayosicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Troglotayosicidae (Fet &
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D725F520FBAB5C40FB1C5441" author="Sissom" box="[1034,1196,567,590]" firstAuthor="Sissom" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" refId="ref96974" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 2000 b. Family Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940. Pp. 496 - 500 in Fet, V., W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe & M. E. Braunwalder. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). New York, NY: New York Entomological Society, 690 pp." type="book" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">Sissom, 2000b</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D725F520FCCF5C21FA315509" blockId="105.[830,1441,199,1571]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FCCF5C21FBD55462" bold="true" box="[878,1125,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
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. This unique, relict genus is the only Old World taxon belonging to the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FAC15C03FCC554A5" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chactidae</taxonomicName>
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. This remarkable blind scorpion, which lives in litter and caves in the Pyrenees, has not been sufficiently studied; accounts of distribution and biology were given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D725F520FCC15C98FBB35509" author="Vachon" box="[864,1027,751,774]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" pagination="298 - 305" refId="ref98245" refString="VACHON, M. 1945. Remarques sur le Scorpion aveugle du Roussillon: Belisarius xambeui E. S. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (2), 16 (5): 298 - 305." type="journal article" year="1945">Vachon (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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, Auber (1961), and Lacroix (1992).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D725F520FCCF5D79FB1455F4" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D725F520FCCF5D79FB1455F4" blockId="105.[830,1441,199,1571]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FCCF5D79FC6C552A" bold="true" box="[878,988,782,805]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Synapomorphies. Chelal trichobothrial series
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FC265D5BFC60554C" box="[903,976,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Db–Dt</emphasis>
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very basal, distance between
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FA865D5BFAF8554C" box="[1319,1352,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Db</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FA245D5BFA10554C" box="[1413,1440,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Dt</emphasis>
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quite small; pectinal fulcra absent. Important Symplesiomorphies. Patellar trichobothria distance between
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FC9F5DFFFCDB55AE" box="[830,875,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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||
esb
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<subScript id="17A73486D725F520FCC35DE5FCDB55AE" attach="left" box="[866,875,914,929]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FC065DFFFC6355AE" box="[935,979,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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esb
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||
<subScript id="17A73486D725F520FC6B5DE5FC6355AE" attach="left" box="[970,979,914,929]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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much greater than distance between
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FAD95DFFFA1055AE" box="[1400,1440,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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em
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<subScript id="17A73486D725F520FA365DE5FA1055AE" attach="left" box="[1431,1440,914,929]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FCD05DD0FC2955CF" box="[881,921,935,960]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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||
em
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<subScript id="17A73486D725F520FC315DC6FC2955CF" attach="left" box="[912,921,945,960]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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; ventral surface of leg tarsus dominated with setal pair configuration, median row of spinules essentially obsolete; orthobothriotaxic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D725F520FCCF5A74FAFE502C" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D725F520FCCF5A74FAFE502C" blockId="105.[830,1441,199,1571]" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FCCF5A74FC565215" bold="true" box="[878,998,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Discussion</emphasis>
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. Taxonomic position of this genus has recently been influenced by its cave adaptations, i.e. the loss of eyes and pectinal fulcra. Both
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D725F520FB455A37FA105258" author="Stockwell" box="[1252,1440,1088,1111]" firstAuthor="Stockwell" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" refId="ref97854" refString="STOCKWELL, S. A. 1989. Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata). Ph. D. Thesis, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California. 319 pp. (unpublished). University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan." type="book" year="1989">Stockwell (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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and Lourenço (1998a) placed
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FB2F5A28FB4A5279" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[1166,1274,1119,1142]" class="Arachnida" family="Belisariidae" genus="Belisarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FB2F5A28FB4A5279" box="[1166,1274,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Belisarius</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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in groups that were dominated by these suspect characters. It is important that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FC3F5AEBFBBA52BC" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[926,1034,1180,1203]" class="Arachnida" family="Belisariidae" genus="Belisarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FC3F5AEBFBBA52BC" box="[926,1034,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Belisarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, along with genus
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FB795AEBFAF852BC" box="[1240,1352,1180,1203]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Uroctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FB795AEBFAF852BC" box="[1240,1352,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Uroctonus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are the only members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FBAC5ACCFBC852DD" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[1037,1144,1211,1234]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chactidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that exhibit orthobothriotaxy. The trichobothrial patterns of these two genera are remarkably similar (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A46D725F520FBE75A8FFB2E5300" box="[1094,1182,1272,1295]" captionStart="Figure 81" captionStartId="45.[960,1036,1260,1283]" captionTargetBox="[205,1441,175,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@45.[201,1438,175,1428]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 81: Trichobothrial pattern of Uroctonus mordax (Chactidae: Uroctoninae). Chela (left to right): external, ventral and internal views. Patella (left to right): external and ventral views. Solid lines connect Type C trichobothrial series. Open circles depict orthobothriotaxy." pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Figs. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A46D725F520FB745A8FFB435300" box="[1237,1267,1272,1295]" captionStart="Figure 87" captionStartId="51.[960,1036,1260,1283]" captionTargetBox="[211,1441,156,1464]" captionTargetId="figure-8@51.[211,1439,156,1464]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 87: Trichobothrial pattern of Belisarius xambeui (Chactidae: Brotheinae: Belisariini) (after Vachon, 1974, in part). Chela (left to right): external, ventral and internal views. Patella (left to right): external and ventral views. Solid lines connect Type C trichobothrial series. Open circles depict orthobothriotaxy." pageId="105" pageNumber="102">87</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, the trichobothrial patterns found in these two scorpion genera play the key role in determining homologous orthobothriotaxic trichobothria in the other chactid genera which exhibit major neobothriotaxy. Of particular importance is the somewhat basal positioning of the patellar ventral trichobothria,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FBF25BC7FB3A53C6" box="[1107,1162,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
|
||
v
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D725F520FBFE5BCDFBD853C6" attach="left" box="[1119,1128,1466,1481]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">1</subScript>
|
||
–v
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D725F520FB205BCDFB3A53C6" attach="left" box="[1153,1162,1466,1481]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and the overall position and orientation of external series
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FB0E5BB8FAA553E7" box="[1199,1301,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">
|
||
esb
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D725F520FB725BAEFB6C53E7" attach="right" box="[1235,1244,1497,1512]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">1</subScript>
|
||
–esb
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D725F520FAAD5BAEFAA553E7" attach="left" box="[1292,1301,1497,1512]" fontSize="6" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. See discussion under subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FB905B99FB56500A" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[1073,1254,1518,1541]" class="Arachnida" family="Superstitioniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Superstitioniinae">Superstitioniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for more details on the previous taxonomic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D725F520FB7B587BFAF6502C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[1242,1350,1548,1571]" class="Arachnida" family="Belisariidae" genus="Belisarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="105" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D725F520FB7B587BFAF6502C" box="[1242,1350,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="102">Belisarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |