262 lines
25 KiB
XML
262 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="F4B6778EA7AD79CC561014B8C1127255" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Tokudaia Kuroda 1943" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1512" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1512" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="893F098CC3C555B9E5620975AF3EBFDF">
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<mods:title id="DAC1CA3C88AC1D4F808DB14C38739713">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="C5BCABE6E89973EA21C30A0D74B85DAB">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CEC2FEF87243A4B63A825BEF4CA2B65D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6142CC4F664DFA92B8423CFEB086413A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3F7502CFCC6DF510C119D4FC816B6D1F">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="695AA5E9738791D97BD0F4A1F931FCCD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="F08640C695285866741C2BF8CC155605">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="23342EC567A9501D2E010752D65D845B">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="8B36A446201D30446861D98B945411D2">
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<mods:placeTerm id="37F1E5FA18382BB4C57BFAD9EE3E6703">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="210AF97986FF86550C162532B3E1BF6B">
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<mods:title id="01291AB16166252009A95EC6DC1B4346">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A6CBD1BCEC1E1DE2DACF360DBA106503">
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<mods:extent id="5166550539CA9A7028D2976A9CE51F12" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="8C44BDD93E1667353A5AC2AB4FFEB72B">1189</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FBB077D4F360D165AC7EACDFDB3A7C54">1531</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="BC793DB74E010D1F48D8694AB3AD8D45">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="48DAE8955D5C385EB4490A7A46C814EC" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5149507E08373384A18DCAB56AF19338" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="F4B6778EA7AD79CC561014B8C1127255" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231539880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4B6778EA7AD79CC561014B8C1127255" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4B6778EA7AD79CC561014B8C1127255" lastPageNumber="1512" pageNumber="1512" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001848">
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<subSubSection id="3AC835E3F43D64AAE77DF91DE44F6BF3" pageNumber="1512" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B8CE1FE578081BA233EA563B0F689C05" pageNumber="1512">
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<taxonomicName id="04B3F282F4EA149D7B943524AA125392" ID-CoL="7XGD" authority="Kuroda 1943" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="534D0D588BED92A2BF5F370B10A2DF65" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia</emphasis>
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Kuroda 1943
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="159078DB1695630DF7C5122451C85DB8" pageNumber="1512" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BBBDE6CE8B700725BDA38BEAEA0C0BE5" pageNumber="1512">
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<treatmentCitation id="3DA81DE685AC6485A445F74692389EBA" author="Kuroda" authority="Kuroda 1943" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" journal="Biogeographica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="61" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Tokudaia" volume="139" year="1943">
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<taxonomicName id="6D140F26751BDDE4B8C83E9D8C2C0250" ID-CoL="7XGD" authority="Kuroda 1943" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="780AD6B87895396F3B785E9DC5794E42" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia</emphasis>
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Kuroda 1943
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="B0753A7EB535BEAAAB0F81A9728C03EF" author="Kuroda" journal="Biogeographica" pageNumber="1512" pagination="61" title="Tokudaia" volume="139" year="1943">Biogeographica, 139: 61</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="978003288A300CEFDC72C0FCF3A9B15A" pageNumber="1512" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="3F91129F4B850528A7EDAB3A58C2410F" pageNumber="1512">
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<emphasis id="2991485A697EB9A812B084BD4E238507" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1512">Type Species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4DF6CB71298C39A32861D6C8B6120B77" authority="Abe 1933" authorityName="Abe" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osimensis">
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<emphasis id="BD51D8ED0ACF2973AF6259772E4A9196" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Rattus osimensis</emphasis>
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Abe 1933
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="99E269821A2223CF1D9D7609BDB80F01" pageNumber="1512" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="BF77631CB9CD4E27C83824E09F7DD42C" pageNumber="1512">
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<emphasis id="F8B7C86CBDBE50AAEA7EDFA867745366" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1512">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2B4E9E5C15BBA328A826EBC286F1ABC4" authority="Tokuda 1941" authorityName="Tokuda" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Acanthomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BA33977AB7EAFB6203DDEA3C7F1692E3" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Acanthomys</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1F88CA9475784650078A2E152A4E0A4E" author="Tokuda, M." refId="ref357593" refString="Tokuda, M. 1941. A revised monograph of the Japanese and Manchou-Korean Muridae. Transaction of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 4: 1 - 155." year="1941">Tokuda 1941</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="F58AB056F82A6EEF05201FCBFC3297C5" authority="Johnson 1943" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3CE37270C9D920A04C5549A11029D7EA" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudamys</emphasis>
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Johnson 1943
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BD120B43A4139ED6DD3F78D865368AF7" pageNumber="1512" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="A52292B5223EF67B93B18D23DDA34B5D" pageNumber="1512">
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<emphasis id="FA52F2624F91ED7F9881DD8E5366403B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1512">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
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2 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F245361C8BC506FF0DEB25AF2C58A17E" pageNumber="1512">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="39E4C818CDC4443FFA3A758735123799" authority="Johnson 1946" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1946" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muenninki">
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<emphasis id="EA848F2859E23342C92F98B94E14E4B4" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia muenninki</emphasis>
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Johnson 1946
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D58E2D4DF9E7F8F2204A00627CF7EA4A" pageNumber="1512">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="3974DF7AD85D5338DF315630293BDB51" authority="(Abe 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Abe" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osimensis">
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<emphasis id="9F578A524153E6EF2C3C1A1E2761444A" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia osimensis</emphasis>
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(Abe 1933)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4684BF3E275F2D29C3AFDCEAE1958428" pageNumber="1512" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="535CB8F9B1A962D1A85925DE61C02B3A" pageNumber="1512">
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<emphasis id="571ADD3F8A92081BEE97BF6F3878EA75" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1512">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="A47CDD1CB769CEC41209267E459D9E96" pageNumber="1512">
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<taxonomicName id="756090F8B3F724F81556CF8725C9A2F6" baseAuthorityName="Sarich" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="33AAB17DB866CBA227010DE01745C84C" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Apodemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Division.
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<bibRefCitation id="7FE2C88905CBA5031F4626C17969FDE0" author="Kaneko, Y." refId="ref180015" refString="Kaneko, Y. 2001. Morphological discrimination of the Ryuky spiny rat (genus Tokudaia) between the islands of Okinawa and Amami Oshima, in the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. Mammal Study, 26: 17 - 33." year="2001">Kaneko (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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provided the first detailed morphological study comparing specimens (of all age groups) from S Okinawa Isl (
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<taxonomicName id="E49D4EBF49BE4FDCC6D61AAB0D0195A0" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1946" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muenninki">
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<emphasis id="099F16EDB8049C232A97142B4296EAA6" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">muenninki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) with those from N Amami-oshima Isl (
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<taxonomicName id="103EF1CB527345E4A256D8DE981130FC" baseAuthorityName="Abe" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osimensis">
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<emphasis id="4A65F26E1E6C14AB7BD68A4573497A56" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">osimensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The significant morphological differences he documented parallel impressive chromosomal distinctions between the two insular populations (
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<bibRefCitation id="771D869E3D7F39C59741F279827A33A6" author="Honda, T. & H. Suzuki & M. Itoh & K. Hayashi" refId="ref157468" refString="Honda, T., H. Suzuki, M. Itoh, and K. Hayashi. 1978. Karyotypical differences of the Amami spinous country-rat, Tokudaia osimensis osimensis obtained from two neighbouring islands. Japanese Journal of Genetics, 53: 297 - 299." year="1978">Honda et al., 1978</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="DB79A4A882248679648D1974D36855BD" author="Tsuchiya, K." refId="ref360189" refString="Tsuchiya, K. 1981. [On the chromosome variations in Japanese cricetid and murid rodents]. Honyurui Kagaku (Mammalian Science), 42: 51 - 58 (in Japanese, with English abstract)." year="1981">Tsuchiya, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="767A98CF900B1825A871D80E9FE3D53B" author="Tsuchiya, K. & S. Wakana & H. Suzuki & S. Hattori & Y. Hayashi" refId="ref360312" refString="Tsuchiya, K., S. Wakana, H. Suzuki, S. Hattori, and Y. Hayashi. 1989. Taxonomic study of Tokudaia (Rodentia: Muridae): I. Genetic differentiation. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 22: 227 - 234." year="1989">Tsuchiya et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
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), which support the specific status of each as listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="51A969EB620A68A89C5B47C8E130E4DB" author="Musser, G. G. & M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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. Kaneko also detailed the taxonomic history of the names now associated with
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<taxonomicName id="774A446AD1A0E408346B642ECC551351" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5BC9C8F0FB2F219A4ACB07E04DD01AE" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EDF4CB33963055DDFD9BFF4A96BCFE61" pageNumber="1512">
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Based on molar morphology,
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<bibRefCitation id="DE91C544D62E60FC42EC9E8AEA26B44E" author="Kawamura, Y." refId="ref181787" refString="Kawamura, Y. 1989. Quaternary rodent faunas in the Japanese Islands (Part 2). Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series of Geology and Mineralogy, 54 (1 - 2): 1 - 235." year="1989">Kawamura (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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placed
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<taxonomicName id="452E5EE381F5E630FC527FAD5D28AAC3" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="5119B5AA7C348961634CE7D532D3C777" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a group containing
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<taxonomicName id="35726D4F25023FF900C8C59773DD72FF" authority=", Pliocene" authorityName="Pliocene" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="5CBA1A0922CDA2C3298DF80E4C587AF4" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Apodemus</emphasis>
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, Pliocene
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="D36D44F951DCC5F57C2538CB2C62C0E0" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1959" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhagapodemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CD8FDEFF5772A0FB35574DE12D18C29" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Rhagapodemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and Quaternary
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<taxonomicName id="13A5B28EDD97E5131BC27A262C8956AF" authorityName="Major" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhagamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66E4602074E1CB809BCD4CA8538B0CB0" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Rhagamys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; and suggested that
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<taxonomicName id="9267067CABC6F81576B7123CE50FD754" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E9C09393351C7873288BBB526A0E337A" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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evolved from Miocene
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<emphasis id="EC33A7F795E5161AD17C185E8E53F68C" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">
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<taxonomicName id="FE292A6DF36A2DDCA130107D3FED62E6" authorityName="Schaub" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Parapodemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Parapodemus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="1A907C0B041379A4645932B1772113C4" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Apodemus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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ancestral stock; its evolutionary link to primitive species of
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<taxonomicName id="32CE111385B70BBB33B6F728E8D30AD3" authority=", Kawamura" authorityName="Kawamura" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CB4E16BA6DE1FE11071A0EEB25ACC532" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Apodemus</emphasis>
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, Kawamura
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</taxonomicName>
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suggested, may be found in Miocene or Pliocene sediments of
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<collectingCountry id="D891B9F10F59513013DBCCA3D60D123F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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. Analyses of mtDNA cytochrome
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<emphasis id="AA94E71D5BEC226003F3EE9499BC91E1" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">b</emphasis>
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and nuclear
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<collectionCode id="AAA85E55CCF9C7D64FC4595B433792A5">IRBP</collectionCode>
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gene sequences from samples of
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<taxonomicName id="DA5F5DB88E5E49058CA83CCC102E278F" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="300B9EDBF3EF9BA662AADB8B9EE66400" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1F3C1EFAB69409702790D13AC2CD7B6F" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="166FA07086C2C55565E86369C2049B4B" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Apodemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B855E9516D8D076D227F625C178C060D" authorityName="Dehne" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Micromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8260B11D713D14C5BEB63908B66E7A3" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Micromys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C059925B77B06D1B397880C83B9C271E" baseAuthorityName="F. Petter and Matthey" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="35C8CBCAA772E93E4BA83D0E835BB95C" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Mus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="D303393A780052F420F3E8BBEE802919" baseAuthorityName="Sody" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="634B5269AFCF89A625AF096AEABD976F" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Rattus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
by
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<bibRefCitation id="EAAEA52D097C886ECA00661EA9B00634" author="Suzuki, H. & K. Tsuchiya & N. Takezaki" refId="ref345006" refString="Suzuki, H., K. Tsuchiya, and N. Takezaki. 2000. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the Ryukyu endemic rodents Tokudaia osimensis and Diplothrix legata. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 15 (1): 15 - 24." year="2000">Suzuki et al. (2000:15)</bibRefCitation>
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|
suggested that they "diverged at similar evolutionary times, namely at the time of the radiation of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="663FF7C899644DA2B01F4F7CFC37EE94" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
". This suggestion is not so different from that supposed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D87B4119C728429755E805341C3BA42F" author="Kawamura, Y." refId="ref181787" refString="Kawamura, Y. 1989. Quaternary rodent faunas in the Japanese Islands (Part 2). Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series of Geology and Mineralogy, 54 (1 - 2): 1 - 235." year="1989">Kawamura (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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|
since it is in the Miocene that the initial radiation of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2F4CD075987B8A60D5374F12E4EDBDC2" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Murinae">Murinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurred, and species of primitive
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA6A045731C25C2ED19572DC0B405CE4" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B71C4826332FBF3D074CE2CC08545A26" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are among the basal members (see generic account of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B6FE7DCFDC278BE4ECA7DD9F8922BFA7" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2EC9B91F2057552CBA82595881FEC219" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The close phylogenetic association between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EF8B765C82B3962159EBABE8B6CD636E" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="BD005D3562A3CF7F81F5DEC256EF449A" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AED3A9F95F3494ED1B509CA348C18C71" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7CF60FCBCA6F427F6BC74862B67F2FE4" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Apodemus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been reinforced by analyses of sequences from mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="178E116EBE9DB500DB0C87561D4D7AB5" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">b</emphasis>
|
|
and 12S rRNA genes (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E6DDAB16D1D63B0B025212863AE98599" author="Michaux, J. & P. Chevret & M. - G. Filippucci & M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
|
|
Michaux et al., 2002
|
|
<emphasis id="4ED2618ABB33C0D7B3595D7FD8BCAC16" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E48859887B2791E6968525574F034987" pageNumber="1512">
|
|
The species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1491DC99147516EF77A62E6C327B1611" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Tokudaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="18FCB6168DB7398CF0B3B9F8306022CB" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Tokudaia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
join the murine
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FEA48F78FB1742FFAA5D5AB487C1A863" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Diplothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="legata">
|
|
<emphasis id="CF4E666F01FF896723272BD6041AA40B" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Diplothrix legata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and leporid
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC903641ACBB59F85CBF1ECF057D80C9" baseAuthorityName="Stone" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Pentalagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furnessi">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCDCCCD5C5974DA2FA9635F75A711015" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">Pentalagus furnessi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as endemics to the Ryukyu Isls (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="688951DE3FDA42F24182B1CE0D84B6C0" author="Dobson, M." refId="ref86570" refString="Dobson, M. 1994. Patterns of distribution in Japanese land mammals. Mammal Review, 24 (3): 91 - 111." year="1994">Dobson, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD3399E09D8B720766D9A9AD626A2FBE" author="Kaneko, Y." refId="ref179857" refString="Kaneko, Y. 1994. [Muridae.] Pp. 90 - 110 and 168 - 183, in A pictorial guide to the mammals of Japan (H. Abe, N. Ishii, Y. Kaneko, K. Maeda, S. Miura, and M. Yoneda, eds.). Tokai University Publication, Tokyo, 195 pp. (In Japanese)." year="1994">Kaneko, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0696E2F20B1151C515D5F8C21601D34A" author="Suzuki, H. & M. A. Iwasa & N. Ishii & H. Nagaoka & K. Tsuchiya" refId="ref344865" refString="Suzuki, H., M. A. Iwasa, N. Ishii, H. Nagaoka, and K. Tsuchiya. 1999 a. The genetic status of two insular populations of the endemic spiny rat Tokudaia osimensis (Rodentia, Muridae) of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Mammal Study, 24: 43 - 50." year="1999">
|
|
Suzuki et al., 1999
|
|
<emphasis id="698C96AC4D76CC4EC1D856B54AA525D6" italics="true" pageNumber="1512">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). For the rodents,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C3AC9B92154B36A082FF6F7EC170BF17" author="Suzuki, H. & K. Tsuchiya & N. Takezaki" refId="ref345006" refString="Suzuki, H., K. Tsuchiya, and N. Takezaki. 2000. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the Ryukyu endemic rodents Tokudaia osimensis and Diplothrix legata. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 15 (1): 15 - 24." year="2000">Suzuki et al. (2000:23)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
noted that "the genetic constitution of the rodents in the Okinawa area is distinct from that of the rodents in the surrounding areas, including the Japanese mainland and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="257F6D54CFC39726BBC6E502E0E46BE5" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
. These findings imply that, in the region of the Central Ryukyus, mammals with a unique and ancient origin have inhabited a small geographic region."
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |