treatments-xml/data/1B/BA/05/1BBA057F8AC48A73AA51F6F363B06E88.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033" ID-PMC="PMC4956923" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-63-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CD288B32FFE9DD215006FFF9FFEDCF3C" ID-PubMed="27489473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576364" ModsDocID="1314-2003-63-1" checkinTime="1461685317391" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Deniz, Ismail Goekhan, Aykurt, Candan, Genc, Ilker &amp; Aksoy, Ahmet" docDate="2016" docId="1BBA057F8AC48A73AA51F6F363B06E88" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 63: 1-12" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 63" docPubDate="2016-04-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033" docTitle="Dianthus multiflorus Deniz &amp; Aykurt 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="CD288B32FFE9DD215006FFF9FFEDCF3C" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="CD288B32FFE9DD215006FFF9FFEDCF3C" masterDocTitle="A new species of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) from Antalya, South Anatolia, Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668141688124" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A new species of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) from Antalya, South Anatolia, Turkey</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Deniz, Ismail Goekhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-372X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gdeniz@akdeniz.edu.tr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aykurt, Candan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Genc, Ilker</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Istanbul, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aksoy, Ahmet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2016-04-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>63</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>12</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127877431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1BBA057F8AC48A73AA51F6F363B06E88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1BBA057F8AC48A73AA51F6F363B06E88" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName LSID="1BBA057F-8AC4-8A73-AA51-F6F363B06E88" authority="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus" status="sp. nov.">Dianthus multiflorus Deniz &amp; Aykurt</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habit and flower photographs of Dianthus multiflorus (A-G from holotype, Deniz 6195) and Dianthus tripunctatus (H-I from ISTE 74221). (A Outer epicalyx segment B Inner epicalyx segment C Calyx D Pistil E Capsule F, H Flower G, I Habit)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86716" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Field photographs of Dianthus multiflorus (A) and Dianthus tripunctatus (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86717" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM photographs of the seed coat. A Dianthus multiflorus B Dianthus tripunctatus. 1 - 3: Ventral surface. 4 - 6: Dorsal surface. (Scale bars 200 μm for A 4 and B 4; 100 μm for A 1 and B 1; 30 μm for A 2; 20 μm for A 5 and B 2; 10 μm for A 3, A 6, B 3, B 5 and B 6)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86718" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Somatic chromosomes and ideogram of Dianthus multiflorus (a-b) and Dianthus tripunctatus (c-d). (Scale bars 2 μm)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86719" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">, 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of diagnostic morphological characters of Dianthus multiflorus with its close relatives." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of seed micromorphological and karyological characteristics of Dianthus multiflorus and Dianthus tripunctatus." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from related species by having flowers numerous [(30-)80-250(-300)], pedicels 0.5-30 mm, calyx 12-13 mm, petals white, and petal limb margins shallowly sinuate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
TURKEY. Antalya: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gazipaşa">Gazipasa</normalizedToken>
, from Akoluk Village to Akkaya Hill of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Taşeli">Taseli</normalizedToken>
Plateau, c. 3. km, stony sliding slopes and serpentine soils in clearings of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus brutia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="brutia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pinus brutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, 1075 m a.s.l., 05 July 2015, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<normalizedToken originalValue="İ">I</normalizedToken>
.G. Deniz
</emphasis>
, C. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aykurt</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6195</emphasis>
(holotype: Akdeniz University Herbarium 3823).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Annual, many-stemmed, divaricately branched herbs. Stem erect to ascending, fragile, slender, 20-80 cm, branching from the base, glabrous or minutely scabridulous especially toward base, usually purplish at base, many-flowered (30-)80-250(-300). Basal 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">leaves</pageBreakToken>
linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-spatulate, 25-35 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-4.5 mm, with scabridulous edges especially near base, obtuse at apex. Cauline leaves linear-narrowly triangular to linear-lanceolate, gradually smaller upwards, flattened, distinctly nervous, glabrous, with scabridulous margin and narrowly membranous toward base, acute to acuminate at apex, their sheaths shorter than the internodes; lower cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, 20-50 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.2 mm, longer or shorter than internodes, swollen and usually purplish at base; upper cauline leaves linear to linear-narrowly triangular, 4-20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.5 mm, slightly swollen at base. Inflorescence dichotomously branched; flowers almost always solitary, occasionally two or three flowers borne on the same nod; branches usually minutely scabridulous; 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">pedicels</pageBreakToken>
1-30 mm (sometimes very short, to 0.5 mm). Epicalyx scales 4, almost equaling or shorter than calyx tube, cartilaginous, straw-colored, markedly 8-nerved toward apex, glabrous, verrucose at middle and below surfaces, scabridulous at apex and on scarious margins; scarious margins terminating at or under apex; outer epicalyx segments obovate, 8-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-3.5 mm, with acuminate tip (ca. 3 mm), scarious margins up to 0.75 mm broad; inner epicalyx segments obovate, 11-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-4.5 mm, with acuminate tip (ca. 3.5 mm), scarious margins up to 0.8 mm broad. Calyx cylindric-lanceolate, verrucose, distinctly 35-40-veined, usually purplish at upper 2/3 part, 12-13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.8-3 mm; teeth triangular, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 7-8-veined, with narrowly scarious and scabridulous margins. Petals white, 20 mm; limb narrowly obovate, 6-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 mm, emarginate with shallowly sinuate lobes, completely exerted from calyx, unspotted, barbulate, with 3 main purplish vein; claw 12-13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 1 mm. Anthers 3.6 mm long; filaments 7 mm long. Ovary 3.5 mm long; style 5 mm long. Capsule cylindrical, included in calyx, 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 mm. Seeds ovate to elliptic, 1.9-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.07-1.7 mm, black, minutely cuspidate at apex, granular, covered by irregularly polygonal or rectangular cells; anticlinal walls represented by shallow and wide grooves, with U-like undulations; the periclinal walls distinctly papillose. The cells of ventral surface 75-145 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
33.2-59.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, more elongated and bigger than the cells of dorsal surface (31.4-86 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
25-45 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution, habitat and ecology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution, habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type locality, between Akoluk Village to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Taşeli">Taseli</normalizedToken>
Plateau, where it grows at altitude of 1000-1150 m on sliding slopes and serpentine soils in clearings of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus brutia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="brutia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pinus brutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ten. 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">forest</pageBreakToken>
. Within this area, the new taxon is associated with plants such as: 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus brutia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="brutia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pinus brutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="brutia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="brutia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">brutia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus coccifera" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="coccifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Quercus coccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helichrysum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helichrysum arenarium" order="Campanulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arenarium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Helichrysum arenarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moench subsp. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">aucheri</emphasis>
(Boiss.) P.H.Davis &amp; Kupicha, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Carduus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carduus rechingerianus" order="Campanulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="rechingerianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carduus rechingerianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kazmi, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Centaurea urvillei" order="Campanulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="urvillei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Centaurea urvillei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DC. subsp. 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="urvillei" order="Campanulales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="urvillei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">urvillei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Teucrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Teucrium lamiifolium" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="lamiifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Teucrium lamiifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Urv">d'Urv</normalizedToken>
. subsp. 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Teucrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="lamiifolium" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="lamiifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">lamiifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boissier &amp; Balansa" authorityYear="1859" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Thymus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thymus cilicicus" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cilicicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thymus cilicicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boiss. &amp; Balansa. 
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Ballota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ballota saxatilis" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ballota saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sieber ex C.Presl subsp. 
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Ballota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="saxatilis" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed flowering in June and July, and mature fruits are produced in July to middle of August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The species epithet is derived from its abundant flowers representing one of the main characters that distinguishes it from other similar species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="proposed conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Proposed conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included in the Critically Endangered category according to IUCN criteria ver. 11 (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="(Caryophyllaceae) in Turkey and a new species: Dianthus macroflorus Hamzaoglu, Systematic Botany" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B14" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2014. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria., www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [accessed 20 April 2016]" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria" url="www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
). The species was determined at only a single location and the extent of occurrence (EOO) value of the species was determined to be 7 km2 taking into account location of occupancy and the area contained within the shortest continuous imaginary boundary. Additionally, the area of occupancy (AOO) value in this area was calculated as 4 km2 [CR B1ab(i)+CR B2b(ii)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="seed testa micro-morphology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Seed testa micro-morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
A detailed comparison of seed micromorphology based on SEM analysis was made (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of seed micromorphological and karyological characteristics of Dianthus multiflorus and Dianthus tripunctatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5D9FDD6FEDA70981A71FD93C8B0E1600" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="5D9FDD6FEDA70981A71FD93C8B0E1600">2</tableCitation>
). The seeds of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are black, minutely cuspidate at apex, granular, and have anticlinal walls represented by shallow and wide grooves, with U-like undulations, while the periclinal walls are distinctly papillose. The seeds of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are covered by irregularly polygonal or rectangular cells, and the cells of ventral surface are more elongated and larger, conversely the seeds of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are covered by irregularly rectangular cells and the cell size of ventral and dorsal surfaces are similar (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM photographs of the seed coat. A Dianthus multiflorus B Dianthus tripunctatus. 1 - 3: Ventral surface. 4 - 6: Dorsal surface. (Scale bars 200 μm for A 4 and B 4; 100 μm for A 1 and B 1; 30 μm for A 2; 20 μm for A 5 and B 2; 10 μm for A 3, A 6, B 3, B 5 and B 6)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86718" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="978891" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86716" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Habit and flower photographs of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A-G</emphasis>
from holotype, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Deniz 6195</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H-I</emphasis>
from ISTE 74221). (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
Outer epicalyx segment 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
Inner epicalyx segment 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
Calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
Pistil 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
Capsule 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F, H</emphasis>
Flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G, I</emphasis>
Habit).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="978893" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86717" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Field photographs of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="978895" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86718" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 3.</emphasis>
SEM photographs of the seed coat. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 1-3: Ventral surface. 4-6: Dorsal surface. (Scale bars 200 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
for A4 and B4; 100 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
for A1 and B1; 30 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
for A2; 20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
for A5 and B2; 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
for A3, A6, B3, B5 and B6).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="5D9FDD6FEDA70981A71FD93C8B0E1600" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5D9FDD6FEDA70981A71FD93C8B0E1600" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of seed micromorphological and karyological characteristics of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Characters</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="5">Seed micromorphology</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Seed size (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
1.9-(2.16)-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.07-(1.46)-1.07
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
1.9-(2.07)- 2.23 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.4-(1.62)-1.87
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Cell shape of seed coat</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Polygonal or rectangular</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Rectangular</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Cell size of ventral surface</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
75-145 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
33.2-59.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
(60-)97.4-127.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
18.2-26
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Cell size of dorsal surface</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
31.4-86 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
25-45 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
57-140 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
18.6-32.9
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Cell size of ventral surface according to dorsal surfaces</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">More elongated and bigger</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Similar</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Karyology</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">SC LCTHL MCA CVCL Stebbins symetry</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
0,54 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
1.24 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
12.21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
6.26 19.93 3B
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
0.77 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
1.21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
14.09 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
6.42 12.57 3A
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="karyology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Karyology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The chromosome number of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 2 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 30 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Somatic chromosomes and ideogram of Dianthus multiflorus (a-b) and Dianthus tripunctatus (c-d). (Scale bars 2 μm)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86719" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</figureCitation>
). The shortest chromosome length for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 0.54 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, the longest is 1.24 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, and total haploid chromosome length (THL) is 12.21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. The karyotype formula of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of 28 median pairs and 2 submedian 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">pairs</pageBreakToken>
. As for karyotype asymmetry, its karyotype was classified according to the symmetry classes of 
<bibRefCitation author="Stebbins, GL" journalOrPublisher="Edward Arnold" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 216" refId="B28" refString="Stebbins, GL, 1971. Chromosomal evaluation in higher plants. Edward Arnold: 1 - 216" title="Chromosomal evaluation in higher plants" year="1971">Stebbins (1971)</bibRefCitation>
as 3B. Intrachromosomal asymmetry (MCA) is 6.26 and the interchromosomal asymmetry index (CVCL) is 19.93. Our study showed that the shortest chromosome length for 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 0.77 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, the longest is 1.21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, and total haploid chromosome length (THL) is 14.09 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. The karyotype formula of this species consists of 28 median pairs and 2 submedian pairs. As for karyotype asymmetry, the karyotype of this species is classified according to the symmetry classes of 
<bibRefCitation author="Stebbins, GL" journalOrPublisher="Edward Arnold" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 216" refId="B28" refString="Stebbins, GL, 1971. Chromosomal evaluation in higher plants. Edward Arnold: 1 - 216" title="Chromosomal evaluation in higher plants" year="1971">Stebbins (1971)</bibRefCitation>
as 3A. Intrachromosomal asymmetry (MCA) is 6.42 and the interchromosomal asymmetry index (CVCL) is 12.57. The karyogram is given in Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Somatic chromosomes and ideogram of Dianthus multiflorus (a-b) and Dianthus tripunctatus (c-d). (Scale bars 2 μm)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86719" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</figureCitation>
and ideogram was drawn based on the centromeric index (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Somatic chromosomes and ideogram of Dianthus multiflorus (a-b) and Dianthus tripunctatus (c-d). (Scale bars 2 μm)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86719" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="978897" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8033.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/86719" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Somatic chromosomes and ideogram of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">a-b</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">c-d</emphasis>
). (Scale bars 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">According</pageBreakToken>
to 
<bibRefCitation author="Stebbins, GL" journalOrPublisher="Edward Arnold" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 216" refId="B28" refString="Stebbins, GL, 1971. Chromosomal evaluation in higher plants. Edward Arnold: 1 - 216" title="Chromosomal evaluation in higher plants" year="1971">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stebbin’s">Stebbin's</normalizedToken>
(1971)
</bibRefCitation>
classification, the karyotypes of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to type 3B, whereas the karyotypes 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to type 3A. The asymmetry indices also reveal some small differences between the two species. Nevertheless, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">according</pageBreakToken>
to interchromosomal asymmetry index (CVCL), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more asymmetric than 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The total haploid chromosome length (THL) in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 12.21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
and that of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 14.09 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of seed micromorphological and karyological characteristics of Dianthus multiflorus and Dianthus tripunctatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5D9FDD6FEDA70981A71FD93C8B0E1600" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="5D9FDD6FEDA70981A71FD93C8B0E1600">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnostic key to the annual dianthus species with verrucose calyx in turkey">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Diagnostic key to the annual 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with verrucose calyx in Turkey
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Stem unbranched, 3-15 cm; calyx 10 mm or shorter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y. Menemen &amp; E. Hamzaoglu" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus aydogdui" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aydogdui">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus aydogdui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Stem many branched, 12-80 cm; calyx more than 10 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Stem bearing (30-)80-250(-300) flowers; petal limb white with purple venation, shallowly sinuate at margins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deniz &amp; Aykurt" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus multiflorus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus multiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Stem bearing 4-15(-40) flowers; petal limb pink, dentate at margins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Calyx tube nervose-striate; base of epicalyx segments adpressed to the calyx, their membranous margins conspicuous, 2 mm wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus tripunctatus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripunctatus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus tripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Calyx tube enervate; base of epicalyx segments spreading, their membranous margins inconspicuous, not more than 0.5 mm wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisch &amp; C. A. Mey" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus cyri" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyri">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dianthus cyri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>