treatments-xml/data/1A/09/C0/1A09C070892B366BAB6C4BC3FFF873E6.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30199" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4250faea-3899-4f5b-a810-00afb641e8d6" ID-PMC="PMC6303282" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049--51" ID-PubMed="30595657" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-4049--51" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Bacidiaalbogranulosa (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new sorediate lichen from European old-growth forests" checkinTime="1553125584077" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="licek, Jiri M, alice, Zdenek, Vondrak, Jan, Lubek, Anna &amp; Kukwa, Martin" docDate="2018" docId="1A09C070892B366BAB6C4BC3FFF873E6" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 44: 51-62" docOrigin="MycoKeys 44" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30199" docTitle="Bacidia albogranulosa Malicek, Palice, Vondrak &amp; Kukwa, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="4215FFFA776E3B20FFF4FFB5FFE0FFE4" masterDocTitle="Bacidiaalbogranulosa (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new sorediate lichen from European old-growth forests" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668136126389" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Bacidiaalbogranulosa (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new sorediate lichen from European old-growth forests</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>licek, Jiri M</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>alice, Zdenek</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Vondrak, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lubek, Anna</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kukwa, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30199</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.30199</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049--51</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154473851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A09C070892B366BAB6C4BC3FFF873E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A09C070892B366BAB6C4BC3FFF873E6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName LSID="828612" authority="Malicek, Palice, Vondrak &amp; Kukwa" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia albogranulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">
Bacidia albogranulosa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
, Palice, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kukwa
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Fig. 1
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
CZECH REPUBLIC. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dolnomoravský">Dolnomoravsky</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="úval">uval</normalizedToken>
lowland: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Břeclav">Breclav</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lanžhot">Lanzhot</normalizedToken>
, protected area Cahnov, 150 m alt., 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.656113">48°39'22&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="16.940277">16°56'25&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
, 1 Apr 2014, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
(holotype: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="PRA-Vondrák">PRA-Vondrak</normalizedToken>
11888).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">The species is characterised by a grey-white hypothallus or very thin thallus covered by groups of white, farinose to granular soredia or by being completely sorediate. Ascomata and pycnidia are unknown. Atranorin is the only secondary metabolite. The species occurs in old-growth forests on bark of broad-leaved trees with high bark pH (&gt; 5).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">The name refers to the white rough (granular) soredia that are often present.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Figure 1. Morphology of 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia albogranulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">Bacidia albogranulosa</taxonomicName>
. A Holotype (PRA/ 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
11888) B Common phenotype (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
10802) C Typical growth form on old beech trees (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
8166) D Phenotype with abundant soredia forming a seemingly leprose thallus (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
8013) E Detail of soredia (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
8166) F Soredia arising from granules (PRA/ 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
11888). Scale bars: 1 mm (A−C), 0.5 mm (D), 0.2 mm (E, F). Photos by J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
(A, B) and J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Machač">Machac</normalizedToken>
(C−F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
The thallus consists of a hypothallus (i.e. without photobiont cells) or, in some parts, a lichenised and thinly episubstratal thallus (up to 100 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
high), which is smooth or partially areolate, pustulate or granular, grey-white to grey, sorediate. A prothallus is absent or very thin and white. Soredia are not produced in clearly delimited soralia, but dispersed in groups or forming a more or less continuous layer, white or, when fresh, yellowish-white, farinose to granular, simple, (25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)35–">-)35-</normalizedToken>
65 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diam., or in consoredia up to 125 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diam. Soredia are enclosed by a colourless, more or less compact 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wall”">&quot;wall&quot;</normalizedToken>
without projecting hyphae. The photobiont is trebouxioid, and 5-16 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diameter. Ascomata and pycnidia are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="chemistry">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Atranorin detected by TLC (n=20). Numerous tiny crystals of atranorin visible in water mounts of soredia and thallus in polarised light. Spot reactions: K+ yellow, Pd+ yellowish, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–">C-</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="KC–">KC-</normalizedToken>
, soredia UV+ dull orange, thallus 
<normalizedToken originalValue="UV–">UV-</normalizedToken>
or dull yellowish-white (in 365 nm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
The new species is reported from the Czech Republic, Poland, Russia (European part of the Caucasus) and Ukraine. It has already been published under a provisional name, 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia albogranulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">Bacidia albogranulosa</taxonomicName>
ined. from the Czech Republic (
<bibRefCitation author="Vondrak, J" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="619 - 626" title="Methods for obtaining more complete species lists in surveys of lichen biodiversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01053" volume="34" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
) and the Ukrainian Carpathians (
<bibRefCitation author="Malicek, J" journalOrPublisher="Herzogia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="140 - 171" title="Uholka primeval forest in the Ukrainian Carpathians - a keynote area for diversity of forest lichens in Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.13158/099.031.0110" volume="31" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Vondrak, J" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203540" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia albogranulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">Bacidia albogranulosa</taxonomicName>
grows abundantly in old-growth floodplain and scree forests in the Czech Republic and old-growth ash or hornbeam dominated broad-leaved forests in Poland. It rarely occurs in old-growth beech (Ukraine) and mixed forests (Russia). It has usually been found on a dry and coarse bark of broad-leaved trees with a relatively high bark pH (approximately&gt; 5). The most frequent phorophytes are 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
(n=5), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. platanoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="platanoides">A. platanoides</taxonomicName>
(11) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus orientalis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Fagus orientalis</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName lsidName="sylvatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="sylvatica">sylvatica</taxonomicName>
(4; overmature or dying trees due to a fungal infection). A few specimens were recorded also on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fraxinus angustifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Fraxinus angustifolia</taxonomicName>
(2), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. excelsior" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="excelsior">F. excelsior</taxonomicName>
(2), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus orientalis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Carpinus orientalis</taxonomicName>
(1), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Euonymus europaeus" order="Celastrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">Euonymus europaeus</taxonomicName>
(1) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
sp. (2). The species prefers rather shaded trunks and places not directly exposed to rain, similar to many 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Andreiomycetaceae" genus="Lepraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lepraria" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Lepraria</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation author="Saag, L" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="25 - 60" title="World survey of the genus Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909007993" volume="41" year="2009">Saag et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Lecanographaceae" genus="Alyxoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Alyxoria varia" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="varia">Alyxoria varia</taxonomicName>
(Pers.) Ertz &amp; Tehler, 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia rubella" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="rubella">Bacidia rubella</taxonomicName>
and the non-lichenised fungus 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Niaceae" genus="Dendrothele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Dendrothele acerina" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="acerina">Dendrothele acerina</taxonomicName>
(Pers.) P.A. Lemke (on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acer</taxonomicName>
spp.) are the most commonly recorded, co-occurring species. In the Czech Republic, the new species was repeatedly found on weathered bark with the red-listed 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" genus="Gyalecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gyalecta flotowii" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flotowii">Gyalecta flotowii</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Körb">Koerb</normalizedToken>
. or 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. ulmi" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="ulmi">G. ulmi</taxonomicName>
(Sw.) Zahlbr. It co-occurred also with 
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Monoblastiaceae" genus="Acrocordia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Acrocordia gemmata" order="Monoblastiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="gemmata">Acrocordia gemmata</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) A. Massal., 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Arthothelium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Arthothelium spectabile" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="spectabile">Arthothelium spectabile</taxonomicName>
A. Massal., 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia fraxinea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fraxinea">Bacidia fraxinea</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lönnr">Loennr</normalizedToken>
., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. incompta" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="incompta">B. incompta</taxonomicName>
(Borrer) Anzi, 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Teloschistaceae" genus="Caloplaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Caloplaca flavocitrina" order="Teloschistales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavocitrina">Caloplaca flavocitrina</taxonomicName>
(Nyl.) H. Olivier, 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Gyalectaceae" genus="Gyalecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gyalecta truncigena" order="Ostropales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="truncigena">Gyalecta truncigena</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) Hepp, 
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Melaspileaceae" genus="Hazslinszkya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hazslinszkya gibberulosa" order="Eremithallales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="gibberulosa">Hazslinszkya gibberulosa</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Körb">Koerb</normalizedToken>
., 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Inoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Inoderma byssaceum" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="byssaceum">Inoderma byssaceum</taxonomicName>
(Weigel) Gray, 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Lecania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lecania croatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="croatica">Lecania croatica</taxonomicName>
(Zahlbr.) Kotlov, 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Stereocaulaceae" genus="Lepraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lepraria finkii" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="finkii">Lepraria finkii</taxonomicName>
(B. de Lesd.) R. C. Harris, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vouauxii" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="vouauxii">L. vouauxii</taxonomicName>
(Hue) R. C. Harris, 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Opegraphaceae" genus="Opegrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Opegrapha vermicellifera" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vermicellifera">Opegrapha vermicellifera</taxonomicName>
(J. Kunze) J. R. Laundon and 
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Pyrenulaceae" genus="Pyrenula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pyrenula nitidella" order="Pyrenulales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nitidella">Pyrenula nitidella</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Flörke">Floerke</normalizedToken>
ex Schaer.) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
. Arg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="phylogeny">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Phylogeny.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
The new species is strongly supported as a distinct clade in the ITS and mtSSU phylogeny (Fig. 2) and belongs to 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Bacidia</taxonomicName>
s.str. sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Ekman, S" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="783 - 797" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Bacidiaceae (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201004269" volume="105" year="2001">Ekman (2001)</bibRefCitation>
. According to the ITS data, it is closely related to 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia diffracta" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="diffracta">Bacidia diffracta</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. suffusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="suffusa">B. suffusa</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. polychroa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="polychroa">B. polychroa</taxonomicName>
. These four species form a well supported group, characterised by the presence of the pigments Laurocerasi-brown and Polychroa-brown in the apothecia. 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia albogranulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">Bacidia albogranulosa</taxonomicName>
is also related to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. rubella" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rubella">B. rubella</taxonomicName>
, a species it frequently co-ocurrs with. The only sorediate member of 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Bacidia</taxonomicName>
s.str., the North American 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. sorediata" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="sorediata">B. sorediata</taxonomicName>
, seems not to be closely related to the new species, based on the ITS and mtSSU sequence data (Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Although apothecia and pycnidia are unknown, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. albogranulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">B. albogranulosa</taxonomicName>
can be recognised in the field by its white-grey hypothallus or very thin thallus covered by groups of white to yellowish-white soredia that often extend across the entire thallus. Ecologically, the species prefers trees with rough and slightly acidic or subneutral bark in old-growth forests.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia albogranulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">Bacidia albogranulosa</taxonomicName>
may macroscopically resemble some 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Andreiomycetaceae" genus="Lepraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lepraria" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Lepraria</taxonomicName>
species or poorly developed 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Phlyctidaceae" genus="Phlyctis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Phlyctis argena" order="Ostropales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="argena">Phlyctis argena</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) Flot., but it clearly differs by having a non-continuous, locally developed thallus, composed of dispersed granular aggregates that disintegrate into soralia at an early stage and by the lack of a fibrous prothallus. Additionally, atranorin alone is not known from any described 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Andreiomycetaceae" genus="Lepraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lepraria" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Lepraria</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation author="Saag, L" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="25 - 60" title="World survey of the genus Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909007993" volume="41" year="2009">Saag et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Similarly, sorediate European 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Lecanora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lecanora" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Lecanora</taxonomicName>
species contain other substances in addition to atranorin, such as aliphatic acids, depsides/depsidones or terpenoids and usually form thicker thalli or at least a distinct fibrous hypothallus (
<bibRefCitation author="Malicek, J" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="431 - 455" title="Corticolous sorediate Lecanora species (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) containing atranorin in Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291700038X" volume="49" year="2017">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
et al. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). A slightly similar appearance is typical for a few other 
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Lecanora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lecanora" order="Arthoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Lecanora</taxonomicName>
species (e.g. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. compallens" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="compallens">L. compallens</taxonomicName>
Herk &amp; Aptroot, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. stanislai" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="stanislai">L. stanislai</taxonomicName>
Guzow-Krzem., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kukwa), producing usnic acid and zeorin and forming a yellowish-greenish to greenish-grey sorediate thallus (
<bibRefCitation author="Guzow-Krzeminska, B" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="201 - 211" title="Lecanorastanislai, a new, sterile, usnic acid containing lichen species from Eurasia and North America." url="http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.3.1" volume="329" year="2017">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guzow-Krzemińska">Guzow-Krzeminska</normalizedToken>
et al. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Initial stages of the new species may resemble sterile thalli of 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Teloschistaceae" genus="Caloplaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Caloplaca substerilis" order="Teloschistales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="substerilis">Caloplaca substerilis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
, Palice &amp; van den Boom. This taxon lacks atranorin and tends to form thin areolate-squamulose, almost evanescent thalli with occassional sulcate or marginal soralia (
<bibRefCitation author="Vondrak, J" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="701 - 722" title="New crustose Teloschistaceae in Central Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282913000455" volume="45" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
et al. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The closely related species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. diffracta" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="diffracta">B. diffracta</taxonomicName>
produces a similar, finely granular grey thallus and contains atranorin in addition to traces of zeorin. Nevertheless, this species is richly fertile, has larger thalline granules (40-100 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
diam.) and is so far only known from eastern North America (
<bibRefCitation author="Ekman, S" journalOrPublisher="Opera Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 148" title="The corticolous and lignicolous species of Bacidia and Bacidina in North America." volume="127" year="1996">Ekman 1996</bibRefCitation>
). The only presently known sorediate member of 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Bacidia</taxonomicName>
s.str., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. sorediata" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="sorediata">B. sorediata</taxonomicName>
, differs in having a better developed, grey-green to dark green thallus, diffuse, rarely confluent soralia and fine soredia. It occurs only in south-eastern North America (
<bibRefCitation author="Lendemer, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bryologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="143 - 171" title="The faces of Bacidiaschweinitzii: molecular and morphological data reveal three new species including a widespread sorediate morph." url="https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-119.2.143" volume="119" year="2016">Lendemer et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and it is not phylogenetically closely related to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. albogranulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">B. albogranulosa</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Figure 2. Phylogeny of selected members of 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Bacidia</taxonomicName>
s.str. This is a Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction based on nrITS and mtSSU sequences. The new species, 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Bacidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bacidia albogranulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="albogranulosa">Bacidia albogranulosa</taxonomicName>
, is indicated in bold. Branches with&gt; 0.95 Bayesian posterior probability values are indicated by thicker lines. Bayesian posterior probabilities (first value) and maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages (second value) are indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
CZECH REPUBLIC. Western Bohemia: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Český">Cesky</normalizedToken>
les Mts, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bělá">Bela</normalizedToken>
nad 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Radbůzou">Radbuzou</normalizedToken>
, Smolov, protected area 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pleš">Ples</normalizedToken>
, old-growth mixed forest on scree on E slope, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="49.550556">49°33'02&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="12.639167">12°38'21&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 740-840 m alt., on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, 6 August 2014, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
12865 (PRA). Southern Bohemia: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šumava">Sumava</normalizedToken>
Mts, Volary, Mt 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stožec">Stozec</normalizedToken>
- 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Medvědice">Medvedice</normalizedToken>
, a mountain scree deciduous old-growth forest at NNE-facing slope, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.880413">48°52'49.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="13.834167">13°50'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, on dry bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, 935 m alt., 7 Aug 2014, Z.Palice 17827, Jul. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palicová">Palicova</normalizedToken>
&amp; K. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palicová">Palicova</normalizedToken>
(PRA), ibid.: at NE-facing slope, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="48.8802">48.8802°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="13.8385">13.8385°E</geoCoordinate>
, 900 m alt., on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, 17 Oct 2016, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
17113 &amp; Z.Palice 24362 (PRA). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šumava">Sumava</normalizedToken>
Mts, Lenora, Mt 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zátoňská">Zatonska</normalizedToken>
hora, semi-natural scree deciduous forest at SW-facing slope, just below the top, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.944725">48°56'41&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="13.83">13°49'48&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, 1022 m alt., 27 June 2018, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
&amp; Z.Palice 25133 (PRA). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Novohradské">Novohradske</normalizedToken>
hory Mts, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pohorská">Pohorska</normalizedToken>
Ves, nature reserve 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Žofínský">Zofinsky</normalizedToken>
prales, N part of the reserve, old-growth forest at N-NW-facing slope, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.669445">48°40'10&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="14.708333">14°42'30&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
, 765-770 m alt., 18 Aug 2016, Z.Palice 22220 (PRA). Central Bohemia: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Křivoklátsko">Krivoklatsko</normalizedToken>
Protected Landscape Area, Skryje, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Týřov">Tyrov</normalizedToken>
National Nature Reserve, mixed deciduous forest with shady rocky outcrops in valley of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Úpořský">Uporsky</normalizedToken>
potok brook S of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vápenný">Vapenny</normalizedToken>
vrch Hill (424 m), 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="49.969166">49°58'09&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="13.795279">13°47'43&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 270 m alt., on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, 11 Aug 2018, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
11990 (herb. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
). Southern Moravia: distr. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Břeclav">Breclav</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lanžhot">Lanzhot</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ranšpurk">Ranspurk</normalizedToken>
National Nature Reserve, ca. 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.67806">48°40'41&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="16.946943">16°56'49&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, floodplain old-growth forest, alt. 150 m, on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
, 10 Oct 2013, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
6214 &amp; J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
(herb. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
). Cahnov-Soutok National Nature Reserve, old-growth flood-plained forest 7.5 km SSW of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lanžhot">Lanzhot</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.65639">48°39'23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="16.939999">16°56'24&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 150 m alt., on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fraxinus angustifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Fraxinus angustifolia</taxonomicName>
, 1-3 Apr 2014, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
6793, 6832, 6863, M.Kukwa 12409, 12434, 12504, 12514, 12515, 12526, Z.Palice 17686 &amp; J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
11889, 12051, 12057, (herb. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
, PRA, UGDA). Distr. Blansko, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moravský">Moravsky</normalizedToken>
kras Protect. Landscape Area, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vilémovice">Vilemovice</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vývěry">Vyvery</normalizedToken>
Punkvy National Nature Reserve, oak-dominated woodlands on SE-facing slope in surrounding of Blansek castle ruin, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="49.37083">49°22'15&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="16.723333">16°43'24&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt. 425 m, on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
, 17 Apr 2015, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
8013 &amp; V. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lenzová">Lenzova</normalizedToken>
(herb. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
POLAND. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Równina">Rownina</normalizedToken>
Bielska: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
Primeval Forest, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Białowieski">Bialowieski</normalizedToken>
National Park, N part of forest section no 286, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.751945">52°45'07&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="23.877777">23°52'40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<taxonomicName genus="Tilio" lsidName="Tilio" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Tilio</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName genus="Carpinetum" lsidName="Carpinetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Carpinetum</taxonomicName>
, on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, May 2014, M.Kukwa 12592 (UGDA); ibid.: forest section no 256, 
<taxonomicName genus="Tilio" lsidName="Tilio" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Tilio</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName genus="Carpinetum" lsidName="Carpinetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Carpinetum</taxonomicName>
, on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, May 2014, M.Kukwa 12755 (UGDA); ibid.: 
<taxonomicName genus="Circaeo" lsidName="Circaeo" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Circaeo</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName genus="Alnetum" lsidName="Alnetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Alnetum</taxonomicName>
, on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
and bark of fallen 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fraxinus excelsior" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">Fraxinus excelsior</taxonomicName>
, Aug 2014, M.Kukwa 13135a, 13176 &amp; A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(KTC, UGDA); ibid.: 
<taxonomicName genus="Tilio" lsidName="Tilio" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Tilio</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName genus="Carpinetum" lsidName="Carpinetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Carpinetum</taxonomicName>
, on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, August and October 2014, M.Kukwa 13292, 14394 &amp; A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(KTC, UGDA); ibid.: 
<taxonomicName genus="Tilio" lsidName="Tilio" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Tilio</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName genus="Carpinetum" lsidName="Carpinetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Carpinetum</taxonomicName>
, on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
, Aug 2015, M.Kukwa 17195, 17584, 17404 &amp; A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(KTC, UGDA); ibid.: 
<taxonomicName genus="Circaeo" lsidName="Circaeo" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Circaeo</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName genus="Alnetum" lsidName="Alnetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Alnetum</taxonomicName>
, on bark of log (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fraxinus excelsior" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">Fraxinus excelsior</taxonomicName>
), 24 Aug 2015, M.Kukwa 17446 &amp; A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(KTC, UGDA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
RUSSIA. Caucasus Mts: Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guzeripl’">Guzeripl'</normalizedToken>
, old-growth deciduous mixed forest (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus robur" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">Quercus robur</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus glutinosa" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">Alnus glutinosa</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
etc.) at right bank of Belaya River, 0.4 km WSW of margin of village, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="43.988888">43°59'20&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="40.125">40°07'30&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 700 m alt., on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus orientalis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Carpinus orientalis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fraxinus" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fraxinus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus robur" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">Quercus robur</taxonomicName>
, 8-9 June 2016, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
9622, 10491, Z.Palice 21600, 21690, 22395, 22622, 22715, 23063, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
14956 &amp; G.Urbanavichus (herb. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
, PRA). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guzeripl’">Guzeripl'</normalizedToken>
, a forested crest between Belaya and Molchepa rivers, just ca. 1 km SSE of the village, well-lit mixed forest at N-wards descending crest, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="43.986668">43°59'12&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="40.14167">40°08'30&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, on bark of old 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
, 935 m alt., 7 June 2016, Z.Palice 22672, 22964 &amp; J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
15532 (PRA). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guzeripl’">Guzeripl'</normalizedToken>
, mixed primeval forest (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies nordmanniana" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nordmanniana">Abies nordmanniana</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer trautvetteri" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trautvetteri">Acer trautvetteri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus orientalis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Fagus orientalis</taxonomicName>
etc.) on a ridge and W-facing slope 3.5 km S of village, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="43.96472">43°57'53&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="40.130554">40°07'50&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1470 m alt., on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer platanoides" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus orientalis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Fagus orientalis</taxonomicName>
, 14 June 2016, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
10802, Z.Palice 22624, 22924, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
15291 &amp; G.Urbanavichus (herb. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
, PRA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
UKRAINE. Zakarpattia Oblast Province: Berehovo, Nyzhni Remety: lood-plain forest 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Otok”">&quot;Otok&quot;</normalizedToken>
2.5 km SW of village, close to Mala Borzhava River, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.236668">48°14'12&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="22.806944">22°48'25&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 120 m alt., on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
, 23 Oct 2013, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
6463 &amp; J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
(herb. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
). Ibid.: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Otok”">&quot;Otok&quot;</normalizedToken>
, ca. 4 km SW of village, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.233334">48°14'00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="22.805555">22°48'20&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 190 m alt., on bark of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer campestre" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestre">Acer campestre</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Euonymus europaeus" order="Celastrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="europaeus">Euonymus europaeus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fraxinus angustifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Fraxinus angustifolia</taxonomicName>
, 3 June 2014, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šoun">Soun</normalizedToken>
&amp; J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vondrák">Vondrak</normalizedToken>
12235, 12206, 12237 (PRA). Khust, Velyka 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uhol’ka">Uhol'ka</normalizedToken>
, old-growth beech predominated forest in valley of Velika 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uhol’ka">Uhol'ka</normalizedToken>
River, ca. 0.7 km NNE of last houses in village, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.250557">48°15'02&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="23.696388">23°41'47&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m alt., on bark of old 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus sylvatica" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Fagus sylvatica</taxonomicName>
, 13 May 2015, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
8166 &amp; Z.Palice 19366 (herb. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malíček">Malicek</normalizedToken>
, PRA); ibid.: old-growth hornbeam-beech forest, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="48.245277">48°14'43&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="23.694166">23°41'39&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, on bark of old 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus sylvatica" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">Fagus sylvatica</taxonomicName>
, 460 m alt., 19 May 2015, Z.Palice 19392 (PRA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>