470 lines
55 KiB
XML
470 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="6493D44C4FFA216198FB56D44BE36C97" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dff641ff-d47d-499b-b668-a828d12a7783" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266960" ID-ZooBank="984716A9-642D-4DA8-9ACE-565D0E679814" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477660673519" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zea, Sven & López-Victoria, Mateo" docDate="2016" docId="03DC656FB6412773CB89FF61FE962FD9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4178.4.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4178 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cliona acephala Zea & López-Victoria, 2016, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="588" masterDocId="FFE51D17B6432776CB1EFFF6FFAA2837" masterDocTitle="Cliona acephala (Porifera: Demospongiae: Clionaida), a new encrusting excavating reef sponge from the Colombian Caribbean belonging to the Cliona viridis species complex" masterLastPageNumber="592" masterPageNumber="583" pageNumber="585" updateTime="1698391044728" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="8315D6699E4A9266C69A4E44783A0938" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="3AE666375B682C3703BF617464CE4FB6">Cliona acephala (Porifera: Demospongiae: Clionaida), a new encrusting excavating reef sponge from the Colombian Caribbean belonging to the Cliona viridis species complex</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="812C89FFCF530A2ED6C24E13D7F9F658" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D69E3B828246C31196024A43FF1FD8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="77191474179FAC2131CF279CE1A9BA29">Zea, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="65F6BBBDD2923E556E2603E07B5BCEE7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="03B7F5375888E42B07B8EB3E95AA8234">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="46518C036516A0661128E07B1757ECC8">López-Victoria, Mateo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8AAEC78E439B670E6B75E91537014008">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E5D3BA8421C7C45751D1788DFBF16F13">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="91756B96C0B8530E692A1AD78A53DB44">
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<mods:date id="0450CEDEF34C551C2F577E9C8B74AAE5">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="62EB595633244358DE5820934886FB03">4178</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6F02DE75A2736A77A1B121797CF93DFB">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A0033126B58B9403C9B3FB080B2F3BC0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DC656FB6412773CB89FF61FE962FD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6082643" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124788195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6082643" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC656FB6412773CB89FF61FE962FD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC656FB6412773CB89FF61FE962FD9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<subSubSection id="C36F87F2B6412774CB89FF61FEB628E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6412774CB89FF61FE0C2885" blockId="2.[151,422,151,211]" box="[151,422,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<heading id="D0826315B6412774CB89FF61FE0C2885" bold="true" box="[151,422,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CB89FF61FE0C2885" bold="true" box="[151,422,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6412774CB89FF61FEF72886" box="[151,349,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acephala" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CB89FF61FEF72886" bold="true" box="[151,349,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Cliona acephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B510B6412774CA7AFF6EFE0C2885" box="[356,422,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6412774CB89FF4CFEB628E4" blockId="2.[151,422,151,211]" box="[151,284,186,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<figureCitation id="134EC8FCB6412774CB89FF4CFEB628E4" box="[151,284,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1421,745,1756]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1422,812,1948]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,841,1884]" captionTargetBox-3="[272,1287,195,1445]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,735,1779]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,805,1958]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,841,1885]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[268,1296,185,1457]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Underwater photographs of Cliona acephala n. sp. (A) Bahía de Santa Marta, Morro, 10 July 1987, 15 m. (B) Morro, 10 Jan 1994, 5 m. (C) Ensenada Granate, 12 m, 23 June 2005. (D) Bahía de Santa Marta, Punta de Betín, 25 June 2002, 12 m." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Spicules of Cliona acephala n. sp. (A) Tylostyles. (B) Enlargement of heads and tip. (C) SEM enlargement of heads and tip." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Ground and polished histological sections of the holotype of Cliona acephala n. sp. (A) portion of the ectosome and coral skeleton in an osculum showing sponge tissue with aquiferous canals and excavating chambers in the coral skeleton. (B) Enlargement of the ectosome showing ascending plumose spicule tracts. (C) Excavated chamber filled with tissue, spicules and eggs, and with with characteristic erosion scars on the walls." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Size of tylostyles (width by length) of three specimens of Cliona acephala n. sp. from Santa Marta compared to those of a specimen of C. orientalis (INV-POR 658) from Heron Island, Australia. Data represent specimen means ± 1 standard deviation of 25 tylostyles. Hol = holotype; Par = paratype." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266961/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/266962/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/266963/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/266964/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F87F2B6412774CB89FEF4FC992900" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6412774CB89FEF4FDD7292F" blockId="2.[151,819,258,311]" box="[151,637,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB65F357B6412774CB89FEF4FDD7292F" box="[151,637,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6412774CB89FEF4FF76292F" box="[151,220,258,280]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CB89FEF4FF76292F" box="[151,220,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Cliona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD4F268B6412774CA01FEF5FE0E292F" author="Zea" box="[287,420,258,280]" page="87" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6412774CA01FEF5FE2B292F" author="Zea" box="[287,385,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" refString="Zea, S. (1993) Cover of sponges and other sessile organisms in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29, 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1993">Zea 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 87
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(appendix; ecology).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6412774CB89FED7FC992900" blockId="2.[151,819,258,311]" box="[151,819,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6412774CB89FED7FF762900" box="[151,220,289,311]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CB89FED7FF762900" box="[151,220,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Cliona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CBFCFED7FEB12901" bold="true" box="[226,283,289,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B510B6412774CBFCFED7FEB12901" box="[226,283,289,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6412774CA36FED7FE442900" author="Escobar" box="[296,494,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" refString="Escobar D., Zea, S. & Sanchez, J. A. (2012) Phylogenetic relationships among the Caribbean members of the Cliona viridis complex (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 64, 271 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.03.021" type="journal article" year="2012">
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||
Escobar
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||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CA9EFED4FE072900" box="[384,429,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="134EC8FCB6412774CAE6FED7FD9A2900" box="[504,560,289,311]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,745,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,735,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Underwater photographs of Cliona acephala n. sp. (A) Bahía de Santa Marta, Morro, 10 July 1987, 15 m. (B) Morro, 10 Jan 1994, 5 m. (C) Ensenada Granate, 12 m, 23 June 2005. (D) Bahía de Santa Marta, Punta de Betín, 25 June 2002, 12 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266961/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
G (molecular phylogeny)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F87F2B6412774CB89FE92FF7C2AF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6412774CB89FE92FF7C2AF7" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1DDE24B6412774CB89FE92FA322997" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1328377993" collectingDate="1981-03-20" collectorName="Punta de Betin & S. Zea" elevation="4" latitude="11.2502775" location="Punta de Betin" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.220276" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CB89FE92FDB8294A" bold="true" box="[151,530,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<typeStatus id="54CE6ADBB6412774CB89FE92FF78294A" box="[151,210,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Type</typeStatus>
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material and
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<typeStatus id="54CE6ADBB6412774CA65FE92FE04294A" box="[379,430,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774C904FE92FD2A294B" box="[538,640,356,380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<typeStatus id="54CE6ADBB6412774C904FE92FD2A294B" box="[538,640,356,380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
: ICN-MHN(Po) 226,
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<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6412774C862FE92FC17294A" box="[892,957,356,381]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Bahía</collectingRegion>
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de Santa Marta,
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<location id="8EAA82A2B6412774CF61FE93FA8E294B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC656FB6412773CB89FF61FE962FD9:8EAA82A2B6412774CF61FE93FA8E294B" box="[1151,1316,356,381]" latitude="11.2502775" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.220276" name="Punta de Betin" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" stateProvince="Bahia">
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<collectorName id="2680B1AFB6412774CF61FE93FA8E294B" box="[1151,1316,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Punta de Betín</collectorName>
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(
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,
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), completely covering a coral head, rocky shore,
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</quantity>
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depth, coll.
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<collectorName id="2680B1AFB6412774CF60FE7EFB6429A8" box="[1150,1230,392,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">S. Zea</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFCBF2B9B6412774CFC1FE7EFA322997" box="[1247,1432,391,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1981-03-20">
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<collectingDate id="EF8F0B51B6412774CFC1FE7EFA322997" box="[1247,1432,391,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1981-03-20">20 March 1981</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B1DDE24B6412774CB89FE5BFAFF29DF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1328377992" collectingDate="1969-07-18" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="K. Rutzler" elevation="9" latitude="11.301111" location="Bahia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.148056" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" specimenCode="USNM 32001" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CB89FE5BFEA329F3" box="[151,265,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<typeStatus id="54CE6ADBB6412774CB89FE5BFEA329F3" box="[151,265,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBD37C02B6412774CA09FE5AFE1D29F3" box="[279,439,428,452]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
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<collectionCode id="ED644CBCB6412774CA09FE5AFEC229F3" box="[279,360,428,452]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">USNM</collectionCode>
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32001
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</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6412774CADCFE5AFDA929F2" box="[450,515,428,453]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Bahía</collectingRegion>
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Concha, east flank (
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,
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), below
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<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6412774CF6EFE5BFB6B29F3" box="[1136,1217,429,452]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CF6EFE5BFB6B29F3" box="[1136,1217,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Porites</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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reef,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6412774CE1EFE5AFAFA29F3" box="[1280,1360,428,453]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">
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<elevation id="0058334AB6412774CE1EFE5AFAFA29F3" box="[1280,1360,428,453]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">3-15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="2680B1AFB6412774CBCEFE26FEE229DF" box="[208,328,463,488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">K. Rützler</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFCBF2B9B6412774CA4AFE26FE4D29DF" box="[340,487,463,488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1969-07-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8F0B51B6412774CA4AFE26FE4D29DF" box="[340,487,463,488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1969-07-18">18 July 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(collector number SM17, tentatively identified as?”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6412774CF21FE26FB4B29DF" box="[1087,1249,464,488]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Anthosigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CF21FE26FB4B29DF" box="[1087,1249,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Anthosigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6412774CFE8FE26FAE029D0" box="[1270,1354,464,487]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="varians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CFE8FE26FAE029D0" box="[1270,1354,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">varians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1DDE24B6412774CE7AFE26FE092A07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1328377994" collectingDate="1981-03-17" collectionCode="INV-, POR" collectorName="S. Zea" elevation="9" latitude="11.328333" location="Piedra Ahogada" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.08055" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" specimenCode="POR 1263" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED644CBCB6412774CE7AFE26FA3629D0" box="[1380,1436,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">INV-</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD37C02B6412774CB89FE02FEA52A3A" box="[151,271,500,525]" collectionCode="POR" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14383" name="Universit<69> degli Studi di Napoli Federico II" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED644CBCB6412774CB89FE02FF672A3B" box="[151,205,500,524]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14383" name="Universit<69> degli Studi di Napoli Federico II" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
1263
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6412774CA05FE02FEF62A3A" box="[283,348,500,525]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Bahía</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Nenguange,
|
||
<location id="8EAA82A2B6412774C90DFE02FD6C2A3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC656FB6412773CB89FF61FE962FD9:8EAA82A2B6412774C90DFE02FD6C2A3A" box="[531,710,500,525]" latitude="11.328333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.08055" name="Piedra Ahogada" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" stateProvince="Bahia">Piedra Ahogada</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE41B2BEB6412774C9C8FE02FCCB2A3B" box="[726,865,500,524]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" precision="15" value="11.328333">11°19’42”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE41B2BEB6412774C873FE02FC532A3A" box="[877,1017,500,525]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" precision="15" value="-74.08055">74° 4’50”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), on dead coral, reef,
|
||
<elevation id="0058334AB6412774CFF2FE02FAB22A3B" box="[1260,1304,500,524]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="9.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6412774CFF2FE02FAB22A3B" box="[1260,1304,500,524]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
depth, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="2680B1AFB6412774CB89FDEEFF492A18" box="[151,227,536,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">S. Zea</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6412774CBEEFDEEFE092A07" box="[240,419,535,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1981-03-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8F0B51B6412774CBEEFDEEFE092A07" box="[240,419,535,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1981-03-17">17 March 1981</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; INV-POR 1264, Ensenada Granate, NE side (11°18’11”N, 74°11’43”W), on dead coral, reef,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6412774CBCEFDCAFEA22A63" box="[208,264,572,596]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, coll. S. Zea,
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6412774CAF9FDCAFD2A2A63" box="[487,640,572,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1981-11-25">25 Nov. 1981</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1DDE24B6412774C995FDCAFF792AF7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1328377995" collectingDate="1988-01-26" collectingDateMax="2003-06-26" collectingDateMin="1988-01-26" collectionCode="INV-, POR" collectorName="Morro, SW & S. Zea" elevation="15" latitude="11.249445" location="Piedra Ahogada" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.23028" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
INV-POR 1265,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6412774C858FDCAFC2D2A62" box="[838,903,572,597]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Bahía</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Santa Marta,
|
||
<collectorName id="2680B1AFB6412774CF5AFDCBFB692A63" box="[1092,1219,572,596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Morro, SW</collectorName>
|
||
side (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE41B2BEB6412774CE18FDCAFA322A63" box="[1286,1432,572,597]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" precision="15" value="11.249445">11°14’58” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE41B2BEB6412774CB89FD96FE9E2A4F" box="[151,308,608,632]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" precision="15" value="-74.23028">74°13’49” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), on dead coral, reef,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6412774C928FDA9FDD82A40" box="[566,626,607,632]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0058334AB6412774C928FDA9FDD82A40" box="[566,626,607,632]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="2680B1AFB6412774C819FD96FCFE2A40" box="[775,852,608,632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">S. Zea</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6412774C87CFDA9FC5D2A4F" box="[866,1015,607,632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1988-01-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8F0B51B6412774C87CFDA9FC5D2A4F" box="[866,1015,607,632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="1988-01-26">26 Jan. 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(material of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6412774CF8CFD96FAAA2A4F" author="Zea" box="[1170,1280,608,632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" refString="Zea, S. (1993) Cover of sponges and other sessile organisms in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29, 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1993">Zea 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6412774CB89FD72FF4E2AAB" box="[151,228,644,668]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CB89FD72FF4E2AAB" box="[151,228,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Cliona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2); INV-POR 1266, same locality as holotype, on dead coral, reef,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6412774CF02FD72FBFC2AAB" box="[1052,1110,644,668]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="11.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0058334AB6412774CF02FD72FBFC2AAB" box="[1052,1110,644,668]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="2680B1AFB6412774CFF7FD72FA9C2AAB" box="[1257,1334,644,668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">S. Zea</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6412774CE5DFD72FF792AF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="2003-06-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8F0B51B6412774CE5DFD72FF792AF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" value="2003-06-26">26 June 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A84F1B6412774CB89F8FEFF7B2F6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266961/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" targetBox="[166,1421,745,1756]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6412774CB89F8FEFF7B2F6C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1800,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CB89F8FEFEBF2F2A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1800,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Underwater photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6412774C95EF8FEFD402F29" box="[576,746,1800,1822]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acephala" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774C95EF8FEFD402F29" box="[576,746,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Cliona acephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774C9ECF8FFFC872F29" bold="true" box="[754,813,1801,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B510B6412774C9ECF8FFFC872F29" box="[754,813,1801,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Bahía de Santa Marta, Morro, 10 July 1987, 15 m. (B) Morro, 10 Jan 1994, 5 m. (C) Ensenada Granate, 12 m, 23 June 2005. (D) Bahía de Santa Marta, Punta de Betín, 25 June 2002, 12 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F87F2B6412775CBD9F875FB6228C0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6412775CBD9F875FB6228C0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1923,2020]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6412774CBD9F875FE902FAB" bold="true" box="[199,314,1923,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Rounded to irregular encrustations, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6412774C827F875FCD52FAC" box="[825,895,1923,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, reaching about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6412774CF94F875FB572FAC" box="[1162,1277,1923,1948]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="50.0">50–80 cm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum diameter. Surface color amber brown to gray brown, oscular collars bright sulfur yellow, excavating tissue ochre yellow. Surface even to irregular, smooth. Oscules
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6412774C9F9F83DFCED2FD4" box="[743,839,1995,2019]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">1–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter when open, scattered and conspicuous, with a
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6402775CBF5FF6EFEE62898" box="[235,332,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall, fleshy collar. Ectosomal, epilithic tissue leathery, choanosomal, endolithic tissue crumbly. Excavation up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6402775CA7BFF4AFE1128E3" box="[357,443,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep, filled with tissue. Megascleres tylostyles, mostly with narrow, often misshaped heads, or almost without heads, 280–480 x 5.8–17.5 µm (length x width). No spirasters present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F87F2B6402772CBD9FEF2FEC42A2F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6402775CBD9FEF2FBB12AC7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6402775CBD9FEF2FE50292A" bold="true" box="[199,506,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Description. Morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EC8FCB6402775C914FEF2FDDF292B" box="[522,629,260,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1421,745,1756]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1422,812,1948]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,735,1779]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,805,1958]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Underwater photographs of Cliona acephala n. sp. (A) Bahía de Santa Marta, Morro, 10 July 1987, 15 m. (B) Morro, 10 Jan 1994, 5 m. (C) Ensenada Granate, 12 m, 23 June 2005. (D) Bahía de Santa Marta, Punta de Betín, 25 June 2002, 12 m." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Spicules of Cliona acephala n. sp. (A) Tylostyles. (B) Enlargement of heads and tip. (C) SEM enlargement of heads and tip." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266961/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/266962/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
) Excavating sponge that completely encrusts the excavated substratum with a somewhat thick (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6402775CAC1FEDEFDEA2977" box="[479,576,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), rounded or irregular, epilithic tissue crust; size from a few centimeters up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6402775CBC1FEBAFEC42953" box="[223,366,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="50.0">50 to 80 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Surface color amber brown to gray brown, sometimes greenish; oscular collars bright sulfur yellow. Surface as even, or as rugose as the underlying substratum; smooth, rather velvety, shiny when not covered by sediment-cleaning mucus. Oscules conspicuous, scattered,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6402775C8FEFE62FB94299B" box="[992,1086,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">1–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter when open, with a
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6402775CB89FE4EFF5F29F8" box="[151,245,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall collar. Consistency of the ectosome leathery, crumbly for the choanosomal tissue. Sponge penetrates and excavates about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6402775CA95FE2AFE4829C3" box="[395,482,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
underneath the surface. Excavating tissue ochre yellow, fills calicular spaces and excavated chambers. Excavated chambers round, 140 µm–1,100 µm in diameter; conical chambers 550–2,150 µm wide and 250–2,500 µm deep underneath oscules. Ectosome dense, 400–730 µm thick, traversed by tree-like plumose erect tracts up to 8–10 spicules thick, separated at the base 200–300 µm, which ascend and divide 1–2 times up to the surface. Ectosome traversed by irregularly ascending canals 50–180 µm wide, apparently opening to surface pores. Choanosomal tissue less dense, traversed by 35–2,500 µm wide canals, and by ill-defined tracts of 2–3 spicules, more often located towards the walls. Chamber walls creased with concave erosion scars, up to 60 µm wide. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE6ADBB6402775CA25FD21FE372AC7" box="[315,413,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
had eggs 40–70 µm in diameter (collected
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6402775C89CFD21FBA52AC7" box="[898,1039,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" value="1981-03">March 1981</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A84F1B6402775CB89F84DFE8E2FC7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266962/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" targetBox="[153,1422,812,1948]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6402775CB89F84DFE8E2FC7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1979,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6402775CB89F84DFEBF2FE7" bold="true" box="[151,277,1979,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6402775CA87F84DFDE92FE6" box="[409,579,1979,2001]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acephala" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6402775CA87F84DFDE92FE6" box="[409,579,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Cliona acephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6402775C952F84DFD2D2FE7" bold="true" box="[588,647,1979,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B510B6402775C952F84DFD2D2FE7" box="[588,647,1979,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Tylostyles. (B) Enlargement of heads and tip. (C) SEM enlargement of heads and tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6472772CBD9FF61FEC42A2F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CBD9FF61FE9A2887" bold="true" box="[199,304,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EC8FCB6472772CA5EFF61FE062887" box="[320,428,151,176]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,841,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[272,1287,195,1445]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,841,1885]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[268,1296,185,1457]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Ground and polished histological sections of the holotype of Cliona acephala n. sp. (A) portion of the ectosome and coral skeleton in an osculum showing sponge tissue with aquiferous canals and excavating chambers in the coral skeleton. (B) Enlargement of the ectosome showing ascending plumose spicule tracts. (C) Excavated chamber filled with tissue, spicules and eggs, and with with characteristic erosion scars on the walls." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Size of tylostyles (width by length) of three specimens of Cliona acephala n. sp. from Santa Marta compared to those of a specimen of C. orientalis (INV-POR 658) from Heron Island, Australia. Data represent specimen means ± 1 standard deviation of 25 tylostyles. Hol = holotype; Par = paratype." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266963/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/266964/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
) Megascleres are tylostyles, slender, slightly curved, with a slightly visible central canal; some tylostyles lack a head, but for most the heads are narrow, elongated, more bulged on one side, often misshaped, some subterminal; tips long, acute, most often telescoped. Dimensions (length x width) 280–480 x 5.8– 17.5 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CA1AFEF3FEE1292B" box="[260,331,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">means</emphasis>
|
||
of three specimens
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772C932FEF2FD08292B" box="[556,674,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">340.2–424</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6472772C9B9FEF2FD67292B" box="[679,717,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">8 x</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772C9CAFEF2FC9C292B" box="[724,822,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">7.8–13.5</emphasis>
|
||
µm. Heads, when present, 6.9
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CF95FEF3FB33292B" box="[1163,1177,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">–</emphasis>
|
||
10.3 µm wide and 8.1– 15.0 µm long. No microsclere spirasters present. (Spicule preparations of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE6ADBB6472772CF08FEDEFBDC2977" box="[1046,1142,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
INV-POR 1264 showed spirasters 13
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CA39FEBBFE9F2953" box="[295,309,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">–</emphasis>
|
||
30 µm long, with spires 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772C976FEBBFDDC2953" box="[616,630,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">–</emphasis>
|
||
3 µm wide, and 1–5 turns, but upon closer inspection of ground and polished histological sections, they were not located lining choanosomal canals as it is usual in other encrusting clionaids (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6472772CA5DFE63FDA2299B" author="Zea" box="[323,520,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" refString="Zea, S. & Weil, E. (2003) Taxonomy of the Caribbean Excavating Sponge Species Complex Cliona caribaea - C. aprica - C. langae (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae). Caribbean Journal of Science, 39 (3), 348 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">Zea & Weil 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but in sealed pockets lining excavating walls; we assumed these were foreign as in the other studied specimens we did not find any spirasters in histological sections or in spicule mounts made after nitric acid digestion of previously decalcified fragments or after bleach digestion of calcified fragments in constant agitation.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F87F2B6472773CBD9FDD2FB122F21" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6472772CBD9FDD2FD252B22" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CBD9FDD2FECA2A0A" bold="true" box="[199,352,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
So far known only from the Santa Marta area, Caribbean coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36294E9B6472772CF8EFDD2FAA82A0A" box="[1168,1282,548,573]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Not seen in extensive surveys in other areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36294E9B6472772C920FDB1FD062A57" box="[574,684,583,608]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6472772C9ECFDBEFCC92A57" author="Zea" box="[754,867,584,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Editorial Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 287 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6472772CF3FFDBEFB022A57" box="[1057,1192,583,608]" country="Colombia" name="Providencia y Santa Catalina" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">San Andrés</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Old Providence Archipelago in the SW Caribbean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6472772C92FFD9AFD032AB3" author="Zea" box="[561,681,620,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Editorial Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 287 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6472772C9A9FD9AFD592AB3" author="Zea" box="[695,755,620,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" refString="Zea, S. (2001) Patterns of sponge (Porifera, Demospongiae) distribution in remote, oceanic reef complexes of the southwestern Caribbean. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 25, 579 - 592." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also not seen in reefs of Almirante Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6472772CFF3FD9BFA362AB3" box="[1261,1436,620,645]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36294E9B6472772CB80FD66FF572A9F" box="[158,253,656,680]" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6472772CB80FD66FF572A9F" box="[158,253,656,680]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Panama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Carrie Bow Cay (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36294E9B6472772CAC5FD79FD822A9F" box="[475,552,655,680]" name="Belize" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6472772CAC5FD79FD822A9F" box="[475,552,655,680]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Belize</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Discovery Bay (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36294E9B6472772C9E8FD79FCFC2A9F" box="[758,854,655,680]" name="Jamaica" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and of several locations in the east coast of south
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B11A9BB6472772CB89FD42FF422AFA" box="[151,232,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36294E9B6472772CA3DFD42FE1F2AFA" box="[291,437,692,717]" name="Bahamas" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6472772CAD8FD42FDD12AFB" author="Zea" box="[454,635,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" refString="Zea, S., Henkel, T. P. & Pawlik, J. R. (2014) The Sponge Guide: a picture guide to Caribbean sponges, 3 rd. Edition. Available from http: // www. spongeguide. org (accessed on 13 April 2016)." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Zea
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CAE5FD43FD842AFB" box="[507,558,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Interestingly, whereas in many other Caribbean reefs there are other brown fully encrusting clionaids (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6472772C942FD2EFD582AC7" box="[604,754,728,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caribbaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772C942FD2EFD582AC7" box="[604,754,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C. caribbaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6472772C81AFD2EFCC12AD8" box="[772,875,728,751]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772C81AFD2EFCC12AD8" box="[772,875,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), at Santa Marta
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6472772CF22FD2EFB6D2AC7" box="[1084,1223,728,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acephala" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CF22FD2EFB6D2AC7" box="[1084,1223,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C. acephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CFCCFD21FABF2AC7" bold="true" box="[1234,1301,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B510B6472772CFCCFD21FABF2AC7" box="[1234,1301,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the only species showing this encrusting morphotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A84F1B6472772CB89F884FC8D2FD3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266963/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" targetBox="[151,1436,841,1884]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6472772CB89F884FC8D2FD3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1906,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CB89F884FEB92FB0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1906,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Ground and polished histological sections of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6472772C893F884FB9D2FBF" box="[909,1079,1906,1928]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acephala" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772C893F884FB9D2FBF" box="[909,1079,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Cliona acephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6472772CF23F885FBD22FBF" bold="true" box="[1085,1144,1907,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B510B6472772CF23F885FBD22FBF" box="[1085,1144,1907,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) portion of the ectosome and coral skeleton in an osculum showing sponge tissue with aquiferous canals and excavating chambers in the coral skeleton. (B) Enlargement of the ectosome showing ascending plumose spicule tracts. (C) Excavated chamber filled with tissue, spicules and eggs, and with with characteristic erosion scars on the walls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A84F1B6462773CB89FA3CFD672E2A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266964/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" targetBox="[272,1287,195,1445]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6462773CB89FA3CFD672E2A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1482,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CB89FA3CFEB92DE8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1482,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Size of tylostyles (width by length) of three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6462773C871FA3CFBB32DD7" box="[879,1049,1482,1504]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acephala" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773C871FA3CFBB32DD7" box="[879,1049,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Cliona acephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CF3EFA3CFBF02DE8" bold="true" box="[1056,1114,1482,1503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B510B6462773CF3EFA3CFBF02DE8" box="[1056,1114,1482,1503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Santa Marta compared to those of a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6462773CA9FFA1FFDAA2DC9" box="[385,512,1512,1534]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CA9FFA1FFDAA2DC9" box="[385,512,1512,1534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">C. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(INV-POR 658) from Heron Island, Australia. Data represent specimen means ±1 standard deviation of 25 tylostyles. Hol=holotype; Par=paratype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6462773CBD9F9BCFB122F21" blockId="5.[151,1437,1610,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CBD9F9BCFE812E54" bold="true" box="[199,299,1610,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6462773CA2DF9BCFE112E55" box="[307,443,1610,1634]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acephala" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CA2DF9BCFE112E55" box="[307,443,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">C. acephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CADCF9BCFDAB2E54" bold="true" box="[450,513,1610,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B510B6462773CADCF9BCFDAB2E54" box="[450,513,1610,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
inhabits rocky shores (on coral heads) and coral reefs, from about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6462773CFEBF9BCFA8B2E55" box="[1269,1313,1610,1635]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D799CB6462773CE5BF9BCFAD52E55" box="[1349,1407,1610,1635]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
in depth (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6462773CA58F999FE192EB1" author="Zea" box="[326,435,1646,1670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Zea, S. (1993) Cover of sponges and other sessile organisms in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29, 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1993">Zea 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is not very common. It was found most of the time on old dead coral, and only a few times part of its edge was observed adjacent to live, smaller coral colonies, which had their bordering tissue unhealthy (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EC8FCB6462773CA5AF943FE2E2EF9" box="[324,388,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,745,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,735,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Underwater photographs of Cliona acephala n. sp. (A) Bahía de Santa Marta, Morro, 10 July 1987, 15 m. (B) Morro, 10 Jan 1994, 5 m. (C) Ensenada Granate, 12 m, 23 June 2005. (D) Bahía de Santa Marta, Punta de Betín, 25 June 2002, 12 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Sponge individuals with circular deep blue necrotic spots (surrounded by yellow tissue) were observed on
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6462773CA72F92DFE492EC5" box="[364,483,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" value="2003-11">Nov. 2003</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6462773C901F92DFD322EC4" box="[543,664,1754,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" value="2005-06">June 2005</date>
|
||
; one was seen paling in
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6462773C8A6F92DFB832EC5" box="[952,1065,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" value="2011-01">Jan. 2011</date>
|
||
. These may account for patches devoid of tissue and colonized by turf algae and filled by sediment seen in several individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F87F2B6462773CBD9F8D4FE962FD9" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAD479B6462773CBD9F8D4FE962FD9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1610,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CBD9F8D4FEE42F0C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1826,1851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adjective from the Latin prefix
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773C9C9F8D5FD4F2F0D" box="[727,741,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">a</emphasis>
|
||
—meaning without, and the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CF96F8D4FB752F0D" box="[1160,1247,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">kephale</emphasis>
|
||
—meaning head (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6462773CB80F8B0FE982F69" author="Brown" box="[158,306,1861,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Brown, R. W. (1956) Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and lexicon of materials for the practice of logetechnics, revised edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 882 pp." type="book" year="1956">Brown 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), for the narrow to absent tylostyle megasclere heads. Following Article 31.2 of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (http://www.iczn.org/, accessed on
|
||
<date id="FFCBF2B9B6462773C8D1F89CFB2E2FB4" box="[975,1156,1898,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" value="2016-03-13">13 March 2016</date>
|
||
) we are using feminine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6462773CB89F878FF542F91" box="[151,254,1934,1958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CB89F878FF542F91" box="[151,254,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">acephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
assuming
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6462773CA69F878FE6E2F91" box="[375,452,1934,1958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CA69F878FE6E2F91" box="[375,452,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Cliona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is feminine, as when erecting the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6462773C88EF878FBD42F91" authority="Grant (1826)" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1826" box="[912,1150,1933,1958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773C88EF878FC762F91" box="[912,988,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Cliona</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6462773C8F2F878FBD42F91" author="Grant" box="[1004,1150,1933,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Grant, R. E. (1826) Notice of a New Zoophyte (Cliona celata Gr.) from the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 1, 78 - 81." type="journal article" year="1826">Grant (1826)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C75AFFAB6462773CE31F878FADE2F91" box="[1327,1396,1934,1958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773CE31F878FADE2F91" box="[1327,1396,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">celata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE6ADBB6462773CBDBF845FF5F2FFC" box="[197,245,1971,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, which is the feminine inflection of the Latin adjective
|
||
<emphasis id="B901086BB6462773C8EBF844FBEE2FFD" box="[1013,1092,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">celatus</emphasis>
|
||
—meaning hidden, concealed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A988B6462773CB80F820FE852FD9" author="Brown" box="[158,303,2005,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refString="Brown, R. W. (1956) Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and lexicon of materials for the practice of logetechnics, revised edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 882 pp." type="book" year="1956">Brown 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |