421 lines
49 KiB
XML
421 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7E94CCB4288472B4A85093CA1490D377">An Enigmatic New Snake from Cloud Forest of the Península de Paria, Venezuela (Colubridae: Genus Taeniophallus?)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C417425AB287B0EAC9E497FB1748CD55">SCHARGEL, WALTER E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD993EAA22D2A3CEF72F8559A61D1517">RIVAS FUENMAYOR, GILSON</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0CE4EA9BD64ECBD9E576C11538EDE07">MYERS, CHARLES W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="101718381AB3762A0389CC884D7DFF0D">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="940A3A1AC85687BAC121DDF5C0339902">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="780D09D749491E340D27413ABE6D745E">2005-07-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="32A8268805633D171A9EA656CE18F00D">3484</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A587ADBF33FF83FCF51285FDF7FB7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5647968" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190003574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5647968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587ADBF33FF83FCF51285FDF7FB7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A587ADBF33FF83FCF51285FDF7FB7D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C3166530BF33FF81FCF51285FCB7FC69" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF33FF81FCF51285FBB0FCE3" blockId="13.[842,1083,764,787]" box="[842,1083,764,787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0FB81D7BF33FF81FCF51285FBB0FCE3" box="[842,1083,764,787]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FCF51285FBB0FCE3" authority="COPE" box="[842,1083,764,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FCF51285FC7CFCE0" box="[842,1015,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TAENIOPHALLUS</emphasis>
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COPE
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF33FF81FD671350FCB7FC69" blockId="13.[699,1228,809,1741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">This genus may not be monophyletic, but data are insufficient for firm conclusions. Three species groups can be recognized for discussion.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3166530BF33FF83FD6713E7FDF7FB7D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF33FF81FD6713E7FBF9FAE4" blockId="13.[699,1228,809,1741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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1.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FD4913E6FBE6FC44" authority="BREVIROSTRIS AND" authorityName="BREVIROSTRIS AND" box="[758,1133,927,950]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FD4913E6FBBCFC45" box="[758,1079,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TAENIOPHALLUS BREVIROSTRIS</emphasis>
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AND
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FBCB13E6FCF5FC20" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TAENIOPHALLUS NICAGUS</emphasis>
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: Cope’s description of the then monotypic
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FCC013A0FBAEFC01" box="[895,1061,985,1008]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FCC013A0FBAEFC01" box="[895,1061,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taeniophallus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54B78819BF33FF81FB8613A0FBE6FC01" box="[1081,1133,985,1008]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FD04138EFC1AFBFF" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1868" box="[699,913,1015,1038]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lygophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FD04138EFC1AFBFF" box="[699,913,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lygophis nicagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54B78819BF33FF81FC16138FFC50FBFC" box="[937,987,1014,1037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
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locality unknown) was based partly on material of ‘‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FBC3146DFD78FBB9" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FBC3146DFD78FBB9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhadinaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’’
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FCAF1448FC13FBB9" box="[784,920,1073,1096]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FCAF1448FC13FBB9" box="[784,920,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fide
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF33FF81FC5B1448FB36FBB9" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[996,1213,1073,1096]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers, 1974: 208</bibRefCitation>
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); these two snakes were long confused until the rediscovery of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FC0F1415FBBAFB72" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1868" box="[944,1073,1132,1155]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lygophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FC0F1415FBBAFB72" box="[944,1073,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. nicagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a South American snake (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF33FF81FC3714F0FB37FB51" author="Myers, Charles W. & John E. Cadle" box="[904,1212,1161,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref12676" refString="Myers, Charles W., and John E. Cadle. 1994. A new genus for South American snakes related to Rhadinaea obtusa Cope (Colubridae) and resurrection of Taeniophallus Cope for the Rhadinaea brevirostris group. American Museum Novitates 3102: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1994">Myers and Cadle, 1994: 4</bibRefCitation>
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). Sufficient material has been accumulated for more detailed comparisons and elucidation of geographic ranges of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FC7A1498FBF9FB09" box="[965,1138,1249,1272]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FC7A1498FBF9FB09" box="[965,1138,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FB0C1498FC9EFAE7" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lygophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FB0C1498FC9EFAE7" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. nicagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Myers and Cadle, in prep.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF33FF81FD671565FC7DF962" blockId="13.[699,1228,809,1741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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They are small snakes, less than
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<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF33FF81FBD71565FB40FAC2" box="[1128,1227,1308,1331]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
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in total length, usually with a broad middorsal stripe having undulating or serrated edges. Dorsal scale formula 171715; apical pits often present. There are consistently 8 supralabials (variation is rare), with the 2nd touching the loreal and the 3rd–5th touching the eye. There are about 12–16 prediastemal maxillary teeth. Striking similarity in color pattern and morphology is suggestive of close relationship. Hemipenial differences, although remarkable, do not necessarily contradict such a relationship.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF33FF82FD6716E0FF77FE14" blockId="13.[699,1228,809,1741]" lastBlockId="14.[124,654,193,1742]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF33FF81FD6716E0FC69F941" box="[728,994,1689,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF33FF81FD6716E0FC69F941" box="[728,994,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taeniophallus nicagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by an undivided sulcus spermaticus (fig. 8B).
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FFC310B8FE32FF29" baseAuthorityName="W.Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[124,441,193,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FFC310B8FE32FF29" box="[124,441,193,216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taeniophallus brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a bifurcated sulcus, but one branch is shorter than the other (fig. 8A). These conditions are rare or unique among Neotropical dipsadine and xenodontine colubrids. Shortening and eventual loss of one branch seems the likely explanation for the simple sulcus in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FDB9110DFD0EFE7A" box="[518,645,372,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FDB9110DFD0EFE7A" box="[518,645,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. nicagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Neither
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FF5E11EBFEE2FE58" baseAuthorityName="W.Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[225,361,402,425]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FF5E11EBFEE2FE58" box="[225,361,402,425]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nor
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FE1611EBFD88FE58" box="[425,515,402,425]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FE1611EBFD88FE58" box="[425,515,402,425]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nicagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has an interspinal nude area on the asulcate side of the hemipenis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FF261195FD8BFCBA" blockId="14.[124,654,193,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FF081195FE6CFDF0" authority="OCCIPITALIS" authorityName="OCCIPITALIS" box="[183,487,492,515]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FF081195FE6CFDF0" box="[183,487,492,515]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TAENIOPHALLUS OCCIPITALIS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: This is a distinctive species that is set off by a low number of scale rows (151515 or 151513, apical pits not detected) and an unusual anteriorly blotched to posteriorly spotted color pattern (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FF0212F8FE1DFD69" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[189,406,641,664]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers, 1974: 209</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 46E, 48). It is a small snake, with total length approaching (and probably exceeding)
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<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF30FF82FE1012C4FD98FD25" box="[431,531,701,724]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
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. There are consistently 8 supralabials, with the 2nd touching the loreal and the 3rd–5th touching the eye. There are 13–15 prediastemal maxillary teeth (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF30FF82FEAE134DFEE0FCBA" box="[273,363,820,844]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="5.2">
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<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FEAE134DFEAFFCBA" box="[273,292,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
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5 12
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</geoCoordinate>
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specimens).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FF26132BFDE8FB43" blockId="14.[124,654,193,1742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">There is a distal interspinal nude area on the asulcate side of the single or slightly bilobed hemipenis, but it is quite short, being set off proximally by a very large spine at midorgan (fig. 9D) and ending distally deep under the overhanging edge of the capitulum. The papillae on the calyces gradually become thick and spinulate over the asulcate side of the capitulum, becoming largest near the edge of the capitulum, where a horizontal row of large soft spinules overhangs the distal end of the short interspinal nude gap.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FF2614C0FC83FF07" blockId="14.[124,654,193,1742]" lastBlockId="14.[700,1229,193,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FF2614C0FE55FB21" authorityName=", MZUSP" authorityYear="2002" box="[153,478,1209,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FF2614C0FE55FB21" box="[153,478,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taeniophallus occipitalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FDCB14C0FE91FB1F" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilopogon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FDCB14C0FE91FB1F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. poecilopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) in having a conspicuous pale canthal line, but its closest relationships may well be with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FE5C156BFD05FAD8" baseAuthorityName="W.Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[483,654,1298,1321]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FE5C156BFD05FAD8" box="[483,654,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FF101549FEA1FAB6" box="[175,298,1328,1351]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FF101549FEA1FAB6" box="[175,298,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. nicagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The everted hemipenes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FDCA1549FE8FFA94" baseAuthorityName="W.Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FDCA1549FE8FFA94" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FEFA1537FE6AFA94" authorityName=", MZUSP" authorityYear="2002" box="[325,481,1358,1381]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FEFA1537FE6AFA94" box="[325,481,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. occipitalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more different than had been suspected from study of retracted organs, but similar ‘‘thick, knoblike spinules’’ were noted on the asulcate side of the capitulum of some retracted organs of both species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FE97159AFD8DFA0B" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[296,518,1507,1530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers, 1974: 205</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 211), and the ‘‘gigantic calyx’’ or pocket in the lower edge of the capitulum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FE151659FDD9F9C6" baseAuthorityName="W.Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[426,594,1568,1591]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FE151659FDD9F9C6" box="[426,594,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may well be a homolog of the very deep but proximally open capitulate overhang in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FD9C1625FF3DF960" authorityName=", MZUSP" authorityYear="2002" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FD9C1625FF3DF960" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. occipitalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Aspects of the dorsal color pattern in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FED816E1FD8BF95E" authorityName=", MZUSP" authorityYear="2002" box="[359,512,1688,1711]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FED816E1FD8BF95E" box="[359,512,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. occipitalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest the possibility of derivation from a
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FE4316CEFC9DFF29" box="[508,790,193,1742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FE4316CEFD0FF93F" baseAuthorityName="W.Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[508,644,1719,1742]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">brevirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FD0310B8FC9DFF29" box="[700,790,193,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicagus">nicagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
like ancestor (Myers and Cadle, unpubl.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FD661084FC19FD47" blockId="14.[700,1229,193,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FCBF1084FB97FEE3" authority="AFFINIS" authorityName="AFFINIS" box="[768,1052,253,276]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FCBF1084FB97FEE3" box="[768,1052,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TAENIOPHALLUS AFFINIS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
GROUP: This comprises the four southernmost species of the old
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FCA71140FBA3FEA1" box="[792,1064,313,336]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FCA71140FBA3FEA1" box="[792,1064,313,336]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhadinaea brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FD65112EFC44FE9F" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[730,975,343,366]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FD65112EFC44FE9F" box="[730,975,343,366]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taeniophallus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FC61112EFBFBFE9F" box="[990,1136,343,366]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FC61112EFBFBFE9F" box="[990,1136,343,366]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FBC1112EFC83FE7A" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FBC1112EFC83FE7A" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. persimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FCEC110DFB9EFE7A" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[851,1045,372,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilopogon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FCEC110DFB9EFE7A" box="[851,1045,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. poecilopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FB96110DFB47FE7A" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[1065,1228,372,395]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had available fewer than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD32BF30FF82FBBF11EBFB2DFE58" box="[1024,1190,402,425]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of these (1–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD32BF30FF82FC9511C9FC37FE36" box="[810,956,432,455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
per species), but, in a series of papers,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FC1911B7FC8AFDF2" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos & Thales de Lema" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref12266" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos, and Thales de Lema. 1986. O genero Rhadinaea Cope, 1863, no Brasil meridional. II [sic]. Rhadinaea persimilis (Cope, 1869) (Serpentes, Colubridae). Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 8 (1): 101 - 122." type="journal article" year="1986">DiBernardo and Lema (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FCAE1195FCC0FDF2" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos & Thales de Lema" box="[785,843,492,515]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="359 - 392" refId="ref12417" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos, and Thales de Lema. 1991. O genero Rhadinaea Cope, 1863, no Brasil meridional. IV. Rhadinaea bilineata (Fischer, 1885) (Serpentes, Colubridae). Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 12 (2): 359 - 392." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) subsequently presented data on some
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD32BF30FF82FCBE1273FC26FDD0" box="[769,941,522,545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">200 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(9–110 per species), extending the known variation and geographic ranges, and confirming Myers’ placement of two older names (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FC10121AFB4EFD8B" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[943,1221,611,634]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Liophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FC10121AFB4EFD8B" box="[943,1221,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Liophis insignissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FD0312F8FCFEFD69" authorityName="Prado" authorityYear="1943" box="[700,885,641,664]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FD0312F8FCFEFD69" box="[700,885,641,664]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhadinaea beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the synonymy of ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FB3A12F8FD76FD47" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FB3A12F8FD76FD47" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhadinaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FCA712E6FC00FD47" box="[792,907,671,694]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FCA712E6FC00FD47" box="[792,907,671,694]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">persimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FD6612C4FB0EFC8C" blockId="14.[700,1229,193,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
These are rather small snakes, seldom exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF30FF82FC9C12A2FC03FD03" box="[803,904,731,754]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total length, except for the mediumsized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FC1C1280FB14FCE1" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[931,1183,761,784]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FC1C1280FB14FCE1" box="[931,1183,761,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taeniophallus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which males exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF30FF82FC7B136FFBA0FCDC" box="[964,1067,790,813]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 mm</quantity>
|
||
and females
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B5EBF30FF82FD03134DFC94FCBA" box="[700,799,820,843]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total length. There are 17 dorsal scale rows without reduction; apical pits appear to be absent in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FC5F1309FBACFC76" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[992,1063,880,903]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FC5F1309FBACFC76" box="[992,1063,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF30FF82FBC31316FB0EFC8C" attach="left" box="[1148,1157,879,893]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FD6613F7FCABFB87" blockId="14.[700,1229,193,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
There are 7 supralabials, with the 2nd in contact with the loreal and with the 3rd–4th
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FD0313B3FCCEFC10" box="[700,837,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">consistently</emphasis>
|
||
touching the eye. Deviation from this pattern is rare (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD32BF30FF82FC15139EFBC5FC0F" box="[938,1102,999,1022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FBC51391FCF0FBED" authority=", MZUSP" authorityName="MZUSP" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FBC51391FC83FBEC" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4500, has 8 supralabials on one side only, with the 2nd–3rd touching the loreal but with the 3rd–4th in the orbit as normal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FD661404FBD4FA94" blockId="14.[700,1229,193,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
A vertebral dark line or a wider
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FBC51404FC94FB43" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nonundulatory</emphasis>
|
||
middorsal stripe present or absent; a tendency for a thin pale line or row of pale spots along row 4, above a narrow dark stripe or dark sides; a tendency for a line of dark dots on each side of the venter (or ventrals darkedged in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FCC91549FB9FFAB6" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[886,1044,1328,1351]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilopogon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FCC91549FB9FFAB6" box="[886,1044,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">poecilopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with venters otherwise immaculate or nearly so.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FD661515FC5AFA2C" blockId="14.[700,1229,193,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
There are usually fewer than 20 prediastemal maxillary teeth except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FBEC15F3FB4DFA50" box="[1107,1222,1418,1441]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FBEC15F3FB4DFA50" box="[1107,1222,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a maximum of 23, with species differences as follows
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF30FF82FC7F15BCFC42FA22" attach="left" box="[960,969,1477,1491]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6</superScript>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FD6C1668FB46F9A4" blockId="14.[700,1230,1553,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF30FF82FD6C1668FD51F9ED" attach="right" box="[723,730,1553,1564]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FD5F166BFC03F9D4" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[736,904,1554,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers (1974: 40)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
failed to find apical pits in these four species, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FCD11653FB47F9CC" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos & Thales de Lema" box="[878,1228,1578,1597]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 224" refId="ref12318" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos, and Thales de Lema. 1987. O genero Rhadinaea Cope, 1863, no Brasil meridional. I [sic]. Rhadinaea poecilopogon Cope, 1863 (Serpentes, Colubridae). Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 9 (2): 203 - 224." type="journal article" year="1987">DiBernardo and Lema (1987: 212)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
specifically mentioned their absence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF30FF82FB90163BFB4DF9A4" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1071,1222,1602,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilopogon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF30FF82FB90163BFB4DF9A4" box="[1071,1222,1602,1621]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. poecilopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF30FF82FD6C1620FC37F93C" blockId="14.[700,1230,1553,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF30FF82FD6C1620FD51F995" attach="right" box="[723,730,1625,1636]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6</superScript>
|
||
The ranges in numbers of prediastemal teeth are derived from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FC92160BFC56F974" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[813,989,1650,1669]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers (1974: 197</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and subsequent unpubl. data), combined with the larger samples in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FBE716F3FC30F944" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos & Thales de Lema" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref12266" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos, and Thales de Lema. 1986. O genero Rhadinaea Cope, 1863, no Brasil meridional. II [sic]. Rhadinaea persimilis (Cope, 1869) (Serpentes, Colubridae). Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 8 (1): 101 - 122." type="journal article" year="1986">DiBernardo and Lema (1986: 117–118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FC7816DBFBA1F944" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos & Thales de Lema" box="[967,1066,1698,1717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 224" refId="ref12318" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos, and Thales de Lema. 1987. O genero Rhadinaea Cope, 1863, no Brasil meridional. I [sic]. Rhadinaea poecilopogon Cope, 1863 (Serpentes, Colubridae). Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 9 (2): 203 - 224." type="journal article" year="1987">1987: 213</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF30FF82FB8916DBFB1CF944" author="Di-Bernardo, Marcos & Thales de Lema" box="[1078,1175,1698,1717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="223 - 252" refId="ref12368" refString="Di-Bernardo, Marcos, and Thales de Lema. 1988. O genero Rhadinaea Cope, 1863, no Brasil meridional. III. Rhadinaea affinis (Gunther, 1858) (Serpentes, Colubridae). Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 10 (2): 223 - 252." type="journal article" year="1988">1988: 232</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 234; ‘‘1990’’ [1991]: 372, 390).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FFC410B9FE01FF3D" blockId="15.[123,652,192,1164]" box="[123,394,192,214]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FFC410B9FF52FF24" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[123,217,192,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FFC410B9FF52FF24" box="[123,217,192,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
8–18 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF31FF83FE9810B9FEF1FF24" box="[295,378,192,214]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="5.9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FE9810B9FEB3FF24" box="[295,312,192,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 54
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BF3BF31FF83FE3D10B9FE01FF3D" attach="right" box="[386,394,192,204]" fontSize="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">7</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FFC410A3FE3DFF1E" blockId="15.[123,652,192,1164]" box="[123,438,218,240]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FFC410A3FE8BFF1E" box="[123,256,218,239]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FFC410A3FE8BFF1E" box="[123,256,218,239]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
18–23 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF31FF83FEE310A3FE25FF1E" box="[348,430,218,240]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="5.4666667">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FEE310A3FEE6FF1E" box="[348,365,218,239]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 28
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FFC4108CFE3EFEF8" blockId="15.[123,652,192,1164]" box="[123,437,244,266]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FFC4108CFE8BFEFB" box="[123,256,245,266]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FFC4108CFE8BFEFB" box="[123,256,245,266]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. persimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
15–18 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF31FF83FEE4108CFE25FEF8" box="[347,430,244,266]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="5.3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FEE4108CFEE7FEFB" box="[347,364,245,266]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 18
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FFC41176FE56FED5" blockId="15.[123,652,192,1164]" box="[123,477,270,292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FFC41176FEACFED5" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[123,295,271,292]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilopogon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FFC41176FEACFED5" box="[123,295,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. poecilopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
13–18 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38507CBF31FF83FE3C1176FE5EFED5" box="[387,469,270,292]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="5.2833333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FE3C1176FE1FFED5" box="[387,404,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N</emphasis>
|
||
5 17
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FF27114BFD0FFCC3" blockId="15.[123,652,192,1164]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The hemipenis is single, with an asulcate interspinal gap that becomes conspicuous on eversion. This gap is not nude, but bears a medial line of at least several spinules or papillae. The interspinal gap, open proximally, extends distally nearly to the calyculate tip of the hemipenis, where it terminates at an asulcate cluster of several enlarged papillae that are further differentiated in being flaplike or spinelike.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13372A3EBF31FF83FEEC124CFE32FDBD" box="[339,441,565,588]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[150,188,1438,1459]" captionTargetBox="[184,1170,187,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-16@16.[184,1170,187,1418]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. Everted hemipenes of Taeniophallus s.l., in sulcate and asulcate view. A. T. affinis, MZUSP 5032, right organ 36.9. B. T. bilineatus, MZUSP 1902, left 36.3. C. T. persimilis, MZUSP 4108, left 36.7. D. T. occipitalis, MZUSP 2002, right organ in asulcate view, 37.1. (Laboratory preparations from hemipenes preserved in retracted or partially everted condition; fully everted but not necessarily completely expanded.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4735231/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
shows these differentiated asulcate papillae on everted hemipenes of three of the four species in the group—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FF6412F2FEC8FD53" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[219,323,651,674]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FF6412F2FEC8FD53" box="[219,323,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 9A),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FE7E12F2FDDFFD53" box="[449,596,651,674]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FE7E12F2FDDFFD53" box="[449,596,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 9B), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FF5112D1FE08FD4E" box="[238,387,680,703]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FF5112D1FE08FD4E" box="[238,387,680,703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. persimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 9C). A retracted organ of the fourth species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FE7912BCFD0FFD2D" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[454,644,709,732]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilopogon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FE7912BCFD0FFD2D" box="[454,644,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. poecilopogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was said to have ‘‘relatively large’’ papillae on the asulcate side of the tip, and to be similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FE9B1362FD0BFCC3" authority="(Myers, 1974: 217)" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityPageNumber="217" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[292,640,795,818]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FE9B1362FE07FCC3" box="[292,396,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B4ABF31FF83FE211362FDFCFCC3" author="Myers, Charles W." box="[414,631,795,818]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref12598" refString="Myers, Charles W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of new world snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 153 (1): 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1974">Myers, 1974: 217</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FF271341FE22FBC4" blockId="15.[123,652,192,1164]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The differentiated asulcate papillae appear to be a hemipenial synapomorphy supporting the monophyly of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FE2E130BFD00FC78" baseAuthorityName="Myers" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[401,651,882,905]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Taeniophallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FE2E130BFD00FC78" box="[401,651,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taeniophallus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Also synapomorphic is the supralabial pattern (7 labials, 2nd in loreal, 3rd–4th in orbit), which is practically invariant. These snakes otherwise are generalized small terrestrial colubrids that are ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FE78147BFDCEFBE8" box="[455,581,1026,1049]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhadinaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FE78147BFDCEFBE8" box="[455,581,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rhadinaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
like’’ in most external features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336BBBF31FF83FF271442FDF7FB7D" blockId="15.[123,652,192,1164]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The hemipenial interspinal asulcate gap is similar to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D38BF31FF83FEF11421FE67FB9E" box="[334,492,1112,1135]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Echinanthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAA9BF31FF83FEF11421FE67FB9E" box="[334,492,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57D2BF31FF83FE491421FD97FB9E" box="[502,540,1112,1135]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the species of which differ in most other features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |