457 lines
50 KiB
XML
457 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CDB0AC73B0D7EEFAA48A0E111882F283">A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C529C3354EAB46BEB9D29B8BEEB4BA7B">Mccranie, James R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="85114137471BFD78AFF144490A76BD79">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A50C2FFFC7FFAEFF64DDDF631D7D79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6118953" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600010" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6118953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A50C2FFFC7FFAEFF64DDDF631D7D79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A50C2FFFC7FFAEFF64DDDF631D7D79" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
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<subSubSection id="C316EEB2FFC7FFAFFF64DDDF64F47EFE" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC7FFAFFF64DDDF63E37B8F" blockId="4.[151,1436,940,1431]" box="[151,650,940,966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
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<heading id="D0FB0A55FFC7FFAFFF64DDDF63E37B8F" bold="true" box="[151,650,940,966]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFF64DDDF63E37B8F" bold="true" box="[151,650,940,966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
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FAMILY
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFEE6DDDF63387B8F" ID-CoL="7FY" authority="Gray 1825" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[277,593,940,966]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">BUFONIDAE Gray 1825</taxonomicName>
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, 214
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC7FFAFFF64DDBC623E7DDF" blockId="4.[151,1436,940,1431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
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(4 genera, 10 species, 1 endemic genus, 3 endemic species). Pyron & Wiens (2011) placed
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFB79DDBD65B77BAE" box="[1162,1246,974,999]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFB79DDBD65B77BAE" box="[1162,1246,974,999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Incilius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFAE0DDBD641B7BAE" box="[1299,1394,974,999]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFAE0DDBD641B7BAE" box="[1299,1394,974,999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Rhinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all but two of the bufonid genera occurring in
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<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFD88DD8163827C42" box="[635,747,1010,1035]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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, in the huge genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFC31DD8065F57C42" authority="Garsault 1764" authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[962,1180,1010,1035]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFC31DD80629E7C42" box="[962,1015,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Bufo</emphasis>
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Garsault 1764
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</taxonomicName>
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[plate 672].
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFADFDD8060347C66" author="Fouquette" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Fouquette Jr., M. J. & Dubois, A. (2014) A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. The United States and Canada. Seventh Edition. Vol. 1. Amphibians. Xlibris LLC, Lexington, Kentucky, 613 pp." type="book" year="2014">Fouquette & Dubois (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFE1FDA6563297C66" box="[492,576,1046,1071]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFE1FDA6563297C66" box="[492,576,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Incilius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFD8FDA6563B27C66" box="[636,731,1046,1071]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFD8FDA6563B27C66" box="[636,731,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Rhinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as subgenera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFC57DA6462B07C66" box="[932,985,1047,1071]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFC57DA6462B07C66" box="[932,985,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Bufo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFC19DA6565D77C66" box="[1002,1214,1046,1071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Solis, J. M., Wilson, L. D. & Townsend, J. H. (2014) An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology, 1, 123 - 144, 1 plate." type="book chapter">
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Solís
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFBDFDA64650E7C66" box="[1068,1127,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, without comment, continued to recognize
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFE6DDA49609B7C1A" box="[414,498,1082,1107]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFE6DDA49609B7C1A" box="[414,498,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Incilius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFDDADA4963E17C1A" box="[553,648,1082,1107]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFDDADA4963E17C1A" box="[553,648,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Rhinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as valid genera. I also continue to recognize those two genera, not for having new data, but for the convenience of grouping morphologically similar species (but see criticism by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFAADDA2D61A67CD2" author="Hillis" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Hillis, D. (2014) Book review: A checklist of North American Amphibians & Reptiles: The United States and Canada. Vol. 1. Amphibians. M. J. Fouquette and A. Dubois 2014. Copeia, 2014, 762 - 764." type="journal article" year="2014">Hillis 2014</bibRefCitation>
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for recognizing
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFE62DAF1608C7CD2" box="[401,485,1154,1179]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFE62DAF1608C7CD2" box="[401,485,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Incilius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFDD1DAF163E87CD2" box="[546,641,1154,1179]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFDD1DAF163E87CD2" box="[546,641,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Rhinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as valid genera). Also,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFC6ADAF165CA7CD2" author="Pramuk" box="[921,1187,1154,1179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Pramuk, J. B. & Lehr, E. (2005) Taxonomic status of Atelophryniscus chrysophorus McCranie, Wilson, and Williams, 1989 (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from phylogeny. Journal of Herpetology, 39, 610 - 618. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1670 / 217 - 04 A. 1" type="journal article" year="2005">Pramuk & Lehr (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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placed the
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<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFADFDAF164F57CD2" box="[1324,1436,1154,1179]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Honduran</collectingCountry>
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endemic genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFEBCDAD5636D7CF6" box="[335,516,1190,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelophryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFEBCDAD5636D7CF6" box="[335,516,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Atelophryniscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFCF7DAD462507CF6" box="[772,825,1191,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFCF7DAD462507CF6" box="[772,825,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Bufo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(equals
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFC51DAD565687CF6" box="[930,1025,1190,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFC51DAD565687CF6" box="[930,1025,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Rhinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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herein), because of the superficial resemblance of its adult and tadpole to those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFD43DABF623F7CAA" box="[688,854,1228,1251]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFD43DABF623F7CAA" box="[688,854,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(O. Schmidt 1857 [p. 13]) of southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFACADAB864057CAB" box="[1337,1388,1227,1250]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Peru</collectingCountry>
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and adjacent
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<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFF0EDA9D603A7D4E" box="[253,339,1262,1287]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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. It defies all biogeographical logic to think that a small, montane bufonid from a small endemic hotspot in north-central
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<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFE5ADB61637F7D62" box="[425,534,1298,1323]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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(see McCranie
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFD3FDB67638B7D62" box="[716,738,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFD18DB61657B7D62" author="McCranie" box="[747,1042,1298,1323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="McCranie, J. R. & Wilson, L. D. (2002) The amphibians of Honduras. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contributions to Herpetology, 19, i - x, 1 - 625, 1 - 20 plates." type="journal article" year="2002">McCranie & Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
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and Townsend
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFB35DB6764697D62" box="[1222,1280,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
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2012) can be most closely related to a montane bufonid that occurs thousands of miles away in South
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<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFB7FDB4565997D06" box="[1164,1264,1334,1359]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">America</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFB0FDB4564F57D06" author="Kohler" box="[1276,1436,1334,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Kohler, G. (2011) Amphibians of Central America. Herpeton, Verlag Elke Kohler, Offenbach, 378 pp." type="book" year="2011">Köhler (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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also expressed a similar view and continued to recognize
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFCECDB2962BD7D3A" box="[799,980,1370,1395]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelophryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFCECDB2962BD7D3A" box="[799,980,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Atelophryniscus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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as a valid genus.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFB6EDB2964017D3A" box="[1181,1384,1370,1395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Solis, J. M., Wilson, L. D. & Townsend, J. H. (2014) An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology, 1, 123 - 144, 1 plate." type="book chapter">
|
||
Solís
|
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFB2EDB2F647C7D3A" box="[1245,1301,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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also continued to recognize
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFE6EDB0D63387DDE" box="[413,593,1406,1431]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelophryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFE6EDB0D63387DDE" box="[413,593,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Atelophryniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without comment.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC7FFAFFF64DBB5656C7E4A" blockId="4.[151,1045,1478,1539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFF64DBB560257D96" box="[151,332,1478,1503]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelophryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFF64DBB560257D96" box="[151,332,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Atelophryniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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(E) McCranie, Wilson & Williams 1989, 2 (1 endemic species)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFF34DB9963737E4A" box="[199,538,1514,1539]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelophryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysophorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFF34DB9963737E4A" box="[199,538,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Atelophryniscus chrysophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E) McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1989, 3
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC7FFAFFF64D84163997E02" blockId="4.[151,1437,1586,2007]" box="[151,752,1586,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFF64D84160067E02" authority="Cope 1863" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,367,1586,1611]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFF64D84161827E02" box="[151,235,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Incilius</emphasis>
|
||
Cope 1863
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 50 (7 species, 2 endemic species)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC7FFAFFF34D82563E87E26" blockId="4.[151,1437,1586,2007]" box="[199,641,1622,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFF34D82560F97E26" box="[199,400,1622,1647]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campbelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFF34D82560F97E26" box="[199,400,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Incilius campbelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mendelson 1994, 4)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC7FFAFFF34D80964F47EFE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1586,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFF34D80960157EDA" box="[199,380,1658,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFF34D80960157EDA" box="[199,380,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Incilius coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cope 1866, 130). See comments for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFCD7D80F62E27EDA" box="[804,907,1658,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFCD7D80F62E27EDA" box="[804,907,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFC32D80F65277EDA" box="[961,1102,1658,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomyos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFC32D80F65277EDA" box="[961,1102,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">I. leucomyos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFB58D80964657EDA" box="[1195,1292,1658,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complex">complex</taxonomicName>
|
||
of toads that represents several unnamed species in addition to specimens that have been misidentified in some recent literature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C316EEB2FFC7FFAEFF34D8B1631D7D79" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC7FFAEFF34D8B162BB7AEE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1586,2007]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,1112]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFF34D8B1601A7E92" ID-CoL="3PLCL" box="[199,371,1730,1755]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFF34D8B1601A7E92" box="[199,371,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Incilius ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stuart 1954, 162).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFDA9D8B162747E92" author="McCranie" box="[602,797,1730,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="McCranie, J. R. (2009) Amphibians and Reptiles of Honduras. Listas Zoologicas Actualizadas Universidad de Costa Rica Museo de Zoolgia UCR, San Pedro, Costa Rica. Available from: http: // museo. biologia. ucr. ac. cr / Listas / LZAPublicaciones. htm (accessed 13 February 2015)" type="journal article" year="2009">McCranie (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and elsewhere, did not recognize this as a valid species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFEE7D89460E57EB6" box="[276,396,1766,1791]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFEE7D89460E57EB6" box="[276,396,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">I. complex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFE46D895634B7EB6" box="[437,546,1766,1791]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
simply because the montane
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFC8FD89562857EB6" box="[892,1004,1766,1791]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFAFFD894641C7EB6" ID-CoL="3PLCL" box="[1292,1397,1766,1791]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFAFFD894641C7EB6" box="[1292,1397,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFF64D97960CD7F6A" box="[151,420,1802,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Mendelson III, J. R., Williams, B. L., Sheil, C. A. & Mulcahy, D. G. (2005) Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 38, 1 - 27." type="journal article">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFEE9D97F603A7F6A" box="[282,339,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do not fit their morphological diagnosis of that species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFBEED979644B7F6A" author="Mendelson" box="[1053,1314,1802,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Mendelson III, J. R., Williams, B. L., Sheil, C. A. & Mulcahy, D. G. (2005) Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 38, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFB53D97F65B17F6A" box="[1184,1240,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 13) stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFF3BD95C60477F0E" ID-CoL="3PLCL" box="[200,302,1838,1863]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFF3BD95C60477F0E" box="[200,302,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is “A large species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFDDED95C630B7F0E" ID-CoL="62GTW" box="[557,610,1839,1863]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFDDED95C630B7F0E" box="[557,610,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Bufo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males to 82.4 mm SVL [snout-vent length]; females to 94.4 mm SVL).” The montane southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFE3ED92163547F22" box="[461,573,1874,1899]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFCA7D92762D27F22" ID-CoL="3PLCL" box="[852,955,1874,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFCA7D92762D27F22" box="[852,955,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFC15D921659C7F22" box="[998,1269,1874,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="Mendelson III, J. R., Williams, B. L., Sheil, C. A. & Mulcahy, D. G. (2005) Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 38, 1 - 27." type="journal article">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFB99D92765CA7F22" box="[1130,1187,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are among the smallest toads of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFE74D90460907FC6" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[391,505,1911,1935]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFE74D90460907FC6" box="[391,505,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFDF2D90563087FC6" box="[513,609,1910,1935]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complex">complex</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFD74D905639E7FC6" box="[647,759,1910,1935]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0A76B0FFC7FFAFFCCED90462F07FC6" box="[829,921,1910,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" type="adult">10 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males averaging 48.9 mm SVL and ten adult females averaging 61.8 mm SVL (McCranie
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFD47D9EF63A37FFA" box="[692,714,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC7FFAFFD25D9E965667FFA" author="McCranie" box="[726,1039,1946,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" refString="McCranie, J. R. & Wilson, L. D. (2002) The amphibians of Honduras. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contributions to Herpetology, 19, i - x, 1 - 625, 1 - 20 plates." type="journal article" year="2002">McCranie & Wilson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recent collections of additional populations of these montane southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC7FFAFFD8CD9CD63867F9E" box="[639,751,1982,2007]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
toads confirm they represent a small species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC7FFAFFAD8D9CC64F57F9E" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[1323,1436,1983,2007]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC7FFAFFAD8D9CC64F57F9E" box="[1323,1436,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="356">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF64DEE4619278F9" box="[151,251,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complex">complex</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, I remain to have problems assigning those populations of small toads to the “large” toad species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFA7FDEEA618F789C" ID-CoL="3PLCL" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFA7FDEEA618F789C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At the same time, the populations of “large” toads from the Pacific lowlands of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFB03DECF6434789C" box="[1264,1373,188,213]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
were assigned to the “small” species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFDF1DE92631C78B1" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[514,629,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFDF1DE92631C78B1" box="[514,629,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFD50DEAC62D078B1" box="[675,953,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson III, J. R., Williams, B. L., Sheil, C. A. & Mulcahy, D. G. (2005) Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 38, 1 - 27." type="journal article">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFCDBDE92620B78B1" box="[808,866,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Those southern toads are known to reach 68.8 mm SVL in males and 99.2 mm SVL in females (pers. observ.). Recent collections of those southern toads from additional localities confirm their large size.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFD2DDF54629D7909" box="[734,1012,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson, J. R. III, Mulcahy, D. G., Williams, T. S. & Sites, J. W. Jr. (2011) A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3138, 1 - 34." type="journal article">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFC96DF5A62C97909" box="[869,928,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
continued to call the small montane southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFEC0DF3F60CA792C" box="[307,419,332,357]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
toads
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFE1DDF3E633F792C" ID-CoL="3PLCL" box="[494,598,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFE1DDF3E633F792C" box="[494,598,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, without mention of their small sizes, but did mention the possibility that those populations might represent an undescribed species based on molecular data. They also continued to classify the large southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFE8ADFE7608079E4" box="[377,489,404,429]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations as the small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFCD5DFE662F579E5" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[806,924,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFCD5DFE662F579E5" box="[806,924,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A fundamental requirement of taxonomic conclusions is that the data needs to match that of the diagnosis. A review of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFBB2DFCA65DC7999" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[1089,1205,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFBB2DFCA65DC7999" box="[1089,1205,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFB4DDFC464777999" box="[1214,1310,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complex">complex</taxonomicName>
|
||
is planned using both morphological and molecular data sets. Either new species need to be proposed for the montane southwestern and southern Pacific
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFDD2DF8C63F87A51" box="[545,657,511,536]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
population, or expanded definitions of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFB79DC7265987A51" ID-CoL="3PLCL" box="[1162,1265,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFB79DC7265987A51" box="[1162,1265,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFAD9DC7264F57A51" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[1322,1436,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFAD9DC7264F57A51" box="[1322,1436,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are needed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFEEEDC57634A7A75" author="Mendelson" box="[285,547,548,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson, J. R. III, Mulcahy, D. G., Williams, T. S. & Sites, J. W. Jr. (2011) A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3138, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFE52DC5660B37A74" box="[417,474,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 19), still not mentioning the size differences McCranie had previously pointed out (both for their definitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFDF7DC3A63057A29" ID-CoL="3PLCL" box="[516,620,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFDF7DC3A63057A29" box="[516,620,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFD50DC3A627D7A29" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[675,788,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFD50DC3A627D7A29" box="[675,788,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) stated that McCranie and coworkers “brought no data to dispute” the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFED4DC1F63507ACC" box="[295,569,620,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson III, J. R., Williams, B. L., Sheil, C. A. & Mulcahy, D. G. (2005) Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 38, 1 - 27." type="journal article">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFE5FDC1E608F7ACC" box="[428,486,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assignment of the small-sized montane southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFB6CDC1F64667ACC" box="[1183,1295,620,645]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
toads to the large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF26DCE260527AE1" ID-CoL="3PLCL" box="[213,315,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF26DCE260527AE1" box="[213,315,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and large
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFE42DCFC63487AE1" box="[433,545,655,680]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
southern toads to the small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFCA8DCE262A27AE1" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[859,971,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFCA8DCE262A27AE1" box="[859,971,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC6FFAEFF34DCC765757BC9" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF34DCC760F37A84" ID-CoL="3PLCQ" box="[199,410,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomyos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF34DCC760F37A84" box="[199,410,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Incilius leucomyos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E) (McCranie & Wilson 2000, 22). The toad from northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFB7FDCC765907A84" box="[1164,1273,692,717]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFA7FDCC660647AB9" ID-CoL="3PLCQ" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomyos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFA7FDCC660647AB9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. leucomyos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFECDDCA4633C7AB9" box="[318,597,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson, J. R. III, Mulcahy, D. G., Williams, T. S. & Sites, J. W. Jr. (2011) A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3138, 1 - 34." type="journal article">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFE36DCAA60907AB9" box="[453,505,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differs significantly from that species in several external morphological characters. Thus, those populations (including adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFCEDDC8F62F87B5C" box="[798,913,764,789]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations) likely represent an undescribed species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFF0FDD6C637A7B71" author="Mendelson" box="[252,531,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson, J. R. III, Mulcahy, D. G., Williams, T. S. & Sites, J. W. Jr. (2011) A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3138, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFE76DD5260AA7B71" box="[389,451,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 18–19) discussed at length that the “misidentification” of that northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31BFDA9FFC6FFAEFF64DD37606E7B14" box="[151,263,836,861]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Honduran</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimen by previous workers resulted in their recovering a paraphyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFBBBDD3665AA7B14" ID-CoL="3PLDC" box="[1096,1219,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valliceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFBBBDD3665AA7B14" box="[1096,1219,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. valliceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFAF7DD37606D7BC9" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson, J. R. III, Mulcahy, D. G., Williams, T. S. & Sites, J. W. Jr. (2011) A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3138, 1 - 34." type="journal article">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFA7BDD3661DD7BC9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
apparent misidentification of that specimen further confuses the issue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC6FFAEFF34DDFF63E17BEC" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[199,648,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF34DDFF60EB7BEC" ID-CoL="3PLCR" box="[199,386,908,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luetkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF34DDFF60EB7BEC" box="[199,386,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Incilius luetkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Boulenger 1891, 455)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC6FFAEFF34DDDC64527C7C" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF34DDDC601B7B81" ID-CoL="3PLD7" box="[199,370,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF34DDDC601B7B81" box="[199,370,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Incilius porteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFE41DDDC62AC7B81" author="Mendelson" box="[434,965,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson III, J. R., Williams, B. L., Sheil, C. A. & Mulcahy, D. G. (2005) Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 38, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2005">Mendelson, Williams, Sheil & Mulcahy 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 17).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFBF9DDDC65A67B81" author="McCranie" box="[1034,1231,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="McCranie, J. R. (2009) Amphibians and Reptiles of Honduras. Listas Zoologicas Actualizadas Universidad de Costa Rica Museo de Zoolgia UCR, San Pedro, Costa Rica. Available from: http: // museo. biologia. ucr. ac. cr / Listas / LZAPublicaciones. htm (accessed 13 February 2015)" type="journal article" year="2009">McCranie (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFAFFDDDC60367BA5" author="McCranie" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="McCranie, J. R. & Castaneda, F. E. (2007) Guia de Campo de los Anfibios de Honduras. Bibliomania! Salt Lake City, Utah, x + 304 pp. + 147 plates." type="book" year="2007">McCranie & Castañeda (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not recognize this nominal form as a valid species because of the basic problems with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFA7FDDA6618F7C59" ID-CoL="3PLCL" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibarrai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFA7FDDA6618F7C59" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. ibarrai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFEEDDD8A60F87C59" ID-CoL="3PLC9" box="[286,401,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coccifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFEEDDD8A60F87C59" box="[286,401,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. coccifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
discussed above. The
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFD62DD8462F37C59" author="Mendelson" box="[657,922,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson III, J. R., Williams, B. L., Sheil, C. A. & Mulcahy, D. G. (2005) Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 38, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Mendelson
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFCE6DD8A62267C59" box="[789,847,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DC0C8FFC6FFAEFC55DD8B62B67C59" author="Mendelson" box="[934,991,1016,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" refString="Mendelson, J. R. III, Mulcahy, D. G., Williams, T. S. & Sites, J. W. Jr. (2011) A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3138, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) genetic data supports recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFA7FDD8A618C7C7D" ID-CoL="3PLD7" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFA7FDD8A618C7C7D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">I. porteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but those authors have yet to provide convincing morphological data to support their genetic data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC6FFAEFF34DA4C63A97C11" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[199,704,1087,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF34DA4C60EF7C11" ID-CoL="3PLDC" box="[199,390,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Incilius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valliceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF34DA4C60EF7C11" box="[199,390,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Incilius valliceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wiegmann 1833, col. 657)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC6FFAEFF64DAF4634C7CE9" blockId="5.[151,638,1159,1221]" box="[151,549,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF64DAF460197CE9" ID-CoL="642MS" authority="Cope 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,368,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF64DAF461847CE9" box="[151,237,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Rhaebo</emphasis>
|
||
Cope 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 358 (1 species)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC6FFAEFF34DADF63177C8C" blockId="5.[151,638,1159,1221]" box="[199,638,1196,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF34DADF60DB7C8C" ID-CoL="4RY94" box="[199,434,1196,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haematiticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF34DADF60DB7C8C" box="[199,434,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Rhaebo haematiticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cope 1862, 157)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC6FFAEFF64DA8763227D44" blockId="5.[151,628,1268,1328]" box="[151,587,1268,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF64DA8760CD7D44" ID-CoL="78MK" authority="Fitzinger 1826" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,420,1268,1293]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF64DA87619F7D44" box="[151,246,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Rhinella</emphasis>
|
||
Fitzinger 1826
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 39 (1 species)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3BD39FFC6FFAEFF34DB64631D7D79" blockId="5.[151,628,1268,1328]" box="[199,628,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0CC6BAFFC6FFAEFF34DB6460147D79" ID-CoL="4S7NY" box="[199,381,1303,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978612BFFC6FFAEFF34DB6460147D79" box="[199,381,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="357">Rhinella marina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus 1758, 211)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |