268 lines
33 KiB
XML
268 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="39B4910714AA05ADC55E059BCC0AAF19" ID-CLB-Dataset="46504" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.206539" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffc2698c-60fe-49c0-a513-0a5d194e129f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="206539" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460380227187" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ávalos-Hernández, Omar, Lucia, Mariano, Álvarez, Leopoldo J. & Abrahamovich, Alberto H." docDate="2011" docId="039E87A5BF3DFFDBFF32BD8C0FF4FCA2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02935p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2935" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Walkeromyia plumipes Philippi 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFA7FFDDBF3CFFDFFFA5B8690D3AFF95" masterDocTitle="Walkeromya plumipes (Philippi) (Diptera: Bombyliidae), a parasitoid associated with carpenter bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini) in Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698296709662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="4E0AE77F556A00497F15CD94027C10A9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="35FD4D431C90A0F4435EEF430921F072">
|
||
<mods:title id="3C2C2AD6E1CEE7C46AD6976742D3D21F">Walkeromya plumipes (Philippi) (Diptera: Bombyliidae), a parasitoid associated with carpenter bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini) in Argentina</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="3B9C642C1144263F635158FABB372C1E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2D3223032A8CEDC958EFB7FE767A0F0B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5651EA86AB983AFE65B1679D95698E69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B4C6C751D22124464B6BEDCE191AF51A">Ávalos-Hernández, Omar</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="ED4EFF342998FC4AB8E8B2ED70BBDE70" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9356FC30EEAE8B3A809A1FFE0357E2C6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="19CF4E9B8CE7BBEEF43C528A968CA4EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1E2F8A61DDEFDC57CE291943CA89B3DF">Lucia, Mariano</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="07FB73CB5D815ADBAE5A60F1E2D1E2A4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="286F68553821BC7E3653F541BAA36E28">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9F253063F60361FC3C667D8412F18787">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="49CB6EE486D79430641EE9735F549F23">Álvarez, Leopoldo J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="EE54B4469E583A71A6AC168CD6621B61" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A024D235A4CB8FCDFBB65293D157FBFB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1A2C6E0AF9E326295FDE844A75F4493C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="68F8F7F6EB9E88CEEBD42F853CFC1495">Abrahamovich, Alberto H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C9201D328E1CD9E58BE63E0226CE3E61">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="0FA083D6948CD8D32D3D72CE56DF2AC5" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="4B011F22669CD99BE353B2125E2A0E00">
|
||
<mods:title id="8D67B33FF11957989D52D387B3D97EA3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F8DA2FE51BA2F84380508A06BAB58A76">
|
||
<mods:date id="3870615860A804D6E0B706D53921A10B">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8A2317ACC00A9C00223563B758B14540" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="5E774C4928151EFC7B0E8AE719A39D3A">2935</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="5C48FE137BB9A7B5B4AC486AA5C4A68A" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="485C74C29031A7D788C26C7B158A0A93">41</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E9865C31D77A2AF527666AF109784D64">46</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="838DB0CDF0459816C7ECAFDFF0FF5789">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EC17C660FF553960E36DF5D5F77C29A0" type="CLB-Dataset">46504</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8E3ECAD7897442B4DD47467E5718DEA7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.206539</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EAB406D280548A606AFCF2814087004D" type="GBIF-Dataset">ffc2698c-60fe-49c0-a513-0a5d194e129f</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4373C60B5828A94C0239B9EA9E0496C4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2B7241EC46BEC247F0F79272B7004BD9" type="Zenodo-Dep">206539</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="039E87A5BF3DFFDBFF32BD8C0FF4FCA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191776" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119414069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87A5BF3DFFDBFF32BD8C0FF4FCA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87A5BF3DFFDBFF32BD8C0FF4FCA2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D6538BF3DFFDEFF32BD8C0C28F98A" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3DFFDEFF32BD8C0F4BFA6A" blockId="1.[151,625,1509,1567]" box="[151,625,1509,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<heading id="D0C081DFBF3DFFDEFF32BD8C0F4BFA6A" bold="true" box="[151,625,1509,1535]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF3DFFDEFF32BD8C0F4BFA6A" ID-CoL="7G6LJ" authority="Philippi, 1873" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,625,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Walkeromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3DFFDEFF32BD8C0F4BFA6A" bold="true" box="[151,625,1509,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3DFFDEFF32BD8C0C90FA6A" bold="true" box="[151,426,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Walkeromyia plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B42BF3DFFDEFE1CBD8C0F53FA6A" author="Philippi" box="[441,617,1509,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1873) Chilenische Insekten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 296 - 316." type="journal article" year="1873">Philippi, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3DFFDEFF32BE6E0C28F98A" blockId="1.[151,625,1509,1567]" box="[151,274,1543,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF3DFFDEFF3ABE6E0C33F98A" box="[159,265,1543,1567]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1110,1133]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox-0="[294,1293,437,1085]" captionTargetBox-1="[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetBox-2="[226,1359,193,1226]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[294,1293,437,1085]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1227]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Adult and pupa of male of W. plumipes. a and b dorsal and lateral view; c, wing; d, pupa, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Genitalia of male of W. plumipes. a, epandrium dorsal view; b, gonocoxite ventral view; c, epiphallus lateral view; d, epiphallus ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Longitudinal section of the nest of Xylocopa (Sch.) splendidula showing the development of carpenter bee and parasitoid bee fly in a period of 28 days. a, 21 - III- 2009; b, 22 - III- 2009; c, 24 - III- 2009; d, 25 - III- 2009; e, 27 - III- 2009; f, 29 - III- 2009; g, 4 - IV- 2009; h, 10 - IV- 2009; i, 14 - IV- 2009; j, 17 - IV- 2009." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/206540/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/206541/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/206542/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D6538BF3DFFDEFF32BE39095CF9F0" box="[151,1126,1616,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3DFFDEFF32BE39095CF9F0" blockId="1.[151,1126,1616,1638]" box="[151,1126,1616,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF3DFFDEFF32BE390F27F9F0" ID-CoL="67GNT" authority="Phillippi, 1873: 307" authorityName="Phillippi" authorityPageNumber="307" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,541,1616,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Anthrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3DFFDEFF32BE390C70F9F3" box="[151,330,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Anthrax plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
Phillippi, 1873: 307
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8811BF3DFFDEFD82BE380F63F9F3" box="[551,601,1617,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207623BF3DFFDEFD1CBE390E1BF9F3" box="[697,801,1616,1638]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mendoza.
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8811BF3DFFDEFC30BE380EFDF9F3" box="[917,967,1617,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
lost in MNNC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D6538BF3DFFDBFF32BEFB0F6CFF62" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3DFFDEFF32BEFB0974F93F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1682,2030]" box="[151,1102,1682,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3DFFDEFF32BEFB0F37F93E" bold="true" box="[151,525,1682,1707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Redescription. Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF3DFFDEFE32BEFB0CE3F93E" box="[407,473,1682,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1110,1133]" captionTargetBox="[294,1293,437,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[294,1293,437,1085]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult and pupa of male of W. plumipes. a and b dorsal and lateral view; c, wing; d, pupa, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206540/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B56BF3DFFDEFD16BEFB0E15F93F" box="[691,815,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B56BF3DFFDEFC6BBEFB0970F93F" box="[974,1098,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3DFFDEFF60BEDF0C1FF817" blockId="1.[151,1436,1682,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3DFFDEFF60BEDF0C31F95B" box="[197,267,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes separated by twice the width of ocellar triangle. Frons with black pile and black tomentum. Face brown, rounded, with black hairs and black tomentum, some whitish pile near oral cavity. Scape brown, rectangular, with black hairs at apex, three times as long as pedicel; pedicel brown, twice as wide as long, bare; flagellomere brown, as long as scape and pedicel combined; conical, slightly flattened; stylus minute, terminal. Proboscis short, not projecting beyond oral margin. Palpi fulvous, reduced, with black hairs. Occiput with short white hairs and black scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3DFFDDFF60BFE70ED7FE12" blockId="1.[151,1436,1682,2030]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,391]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3DFFDEFF60BFE70C25F833" box="[197,287,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior margin of mesonotum with white pile, with scattered black hairs; tomentum on disc entirely black, with scattered white scales; longer white scales on posterior margin, near scutellum; black bristles on postalar corners. Mesopleuron with black pile, not tomentose. Proepimeron with white hairs on anterior half and black hairs on posterior half. Coxae with black pile, not tomentose. Legs fulvous, tarsi yellow, fore and mid femora black with short black scales, hind leg with a band of long flattened black scales covering the whole leg; bristles black. Halter steam brown, knob fulvous. Scutellum brown, with black tomentum; bristles black. Setulae on basicosta fulvous with black tips. Wing brownish darker along veins, cell centers hyaline or fainted pigmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF3EFFDDFAACB96D0876FE89" box="[1289,1356,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1110,1133]" captionTargetBox="[294,1293,437,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[294,1293,437,1085]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult and pupa of male of W. plumipes. a and b dorsal and lateral view; c, wing; d, pupa, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206540/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
c); r-m cross-vein behind middle of cell dm; no cross-vein between R4 and R2+3; cell r5 slightly narrowed towards wing margin; vein CuA1 with first and second sections each twice the length of r-m cross-vein, third section as long as two first sections combined; cell a as wide as cell cup; alula well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48663BBF3EFFDDFF32BC3F0819FBF9" box="[151,1315,1110,1133]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206540/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[294,1293,437,1085]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3EFFDDFF32BC3F0819FBF9" blockId="2.[151,1315,1110,1133]" box="[151,1315,1110,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFF32BC3F0C29FBFE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1110,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult and pupa of male of
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFD8FBC3E0F92FBF9" box="[554,680,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF3EFFDDFD8FBC3E0F98FBF9" box="[554,674,1110,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Anthrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">W. plumipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFD14BC3E0F87FBF9" bold="true" box="[689,701,1111,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFD4ABC3E0FC7FBF9" bold="true" box="[751,765,1111,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">b</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal and lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFC53BC3E093BFBF9" bold="true" box="[1014,1025,1111,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">c</emphasis>
|
||
, wing;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFBEBBC3E0966FBF9" bold="true" box="[1102,1116,1111,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">d</emphasis>
|
||
, pupa, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF48663BBF3EFFDDFF32BFF10C99F858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206541/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[325,1262,1172,1931]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3EFFDDFF32BFF10C99F858" blockId="2.[151,1436,1944,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFF32BFF10C28F83B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1944,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF3EFFDDFE4CBFF30F5BF83B" box="[489,609,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Anthrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFE4CBFF30F5BF83B" box="[489,609,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">W. plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFDCABFF00F46F83B" bold="true" box="[623,636,1945,1966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
, epandrium dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFCD8BFF00EB1F83B" bold="true" box="[893,907,1945,1966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">b</emphasis>
|
||
, gonocoxite ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFB3CBFF0099EF83B" bold="true" box="[1177,1188,1945,1966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">c</emphasis>
|
||
, epiphallus lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3EFFDDFF32BFD10D9FF858" bold="true" box="[151,165,1976,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">d</emphasis>
|
||
, epiphallus ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF48663BBF3FFFDCFF32BC890E11FAA6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[226,1359,193,1226]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3FFFDCFF32BC890E11FAA6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1248,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFF32BC890C28FB60" bold="true" box="[151,274,1248,1271]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Longitudinal section of the nest of
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFDD3BC890EA9FB63" box="[630,915,1248,1270]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF3FFFDCFDD3BC890E2DFB63" authority="Sch." authorityName="Sch." box="[630,791,1248,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylocopa (Sch.)</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF3FFFDCFCB8BC890EA9FB63" box="[797,915,1248,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidula">splendidula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
showing the development of carpenter bee and parasitoid bee fly in a period of 28 days.
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFD86BC960F0CFA81" bold="true" box="[547,566,1279,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">a,</emphasis>
|
||
21-III-2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFD66BC960FEDFA81" bold="true" box="[707,727,1279,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">b,</emphasis>
|
||
22-III-2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFCC1BC960E4FFA81" bold="true" box="[868,885,1279,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">c,</emphasis>
|
||
24-III-2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFBA7BC96092CFA81" bold="true" box="[1026,1046,1279,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">d,</emphasis>
|
||
25-III-2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFB01BC96098CFA81" bold="true" box="[1188,1206,1279,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">e,</emphasis>
|
||
27-III-2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFAE7BC97086BFA80" bold="true" box="[1346,1361,1278,1301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">f,</emphasis>
|
||
29-III- 2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFF72BD770DD0FAA6" bold="true" box="[215,234,1310,1331]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">g,</emphasis>
|
||
4-IV-2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFEC3BD770C40FAA6" bold="true" box="[358,378,1310,1331]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">h,</emphasis>
|
||
10-IV-2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFDA6BD740F2BFAA1" bold="true" box="[515,529,1309,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">i,</emphasis>
|
||
14-IV-2009;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFD3CBD740F93FAA1" bold="true" box="[665,681,1309,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">j,</emphasis>
|
||
17-IV-2009.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3FFFDCFF60BD320829F922" blockId="3.[151,1436,1371,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFF60BD320C02FAE6" box="[197,312,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum with black pile on center of tergite one, except white hair on sides of tergite one, remainder with black pile; black tomentum with some white scales laterally on tergite six. Venter with black pile, not tomentose. Genitalia brown with black hairs; epandrium in lateral view, trapezoid, dorsal portion wider, cercus well exposed, epandrium subtriangular in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF3FFFDCFD73BDAE0E26FA4A" box="[726,796,1479,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Genitalia of male of W. plumipes. a, epandrium dorsal view; b, gonocoxite ventral view; c, epiphallus lateral view; d, epiphallus ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206541/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a), posterior tip rounded, anterior corners elongated forward; gonocoxite in lateral view wider at middle with anterior hooked extension and posterior narrow tip; gonocoxite in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF3FFFDCFE0CBE660CD5F9B2" box="[425,495,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Genitalia of male of W. plumipes. a, epandrium dorsal view; b, gonocoxite ventral view; c, epiphallus lateral view; d, epiphallus ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206541/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
b) distinctly subquadrate, narrowing apically, anterior corners extending forward, medially divided; gonostylus with a basal process narrowing toward tip, tip slightly hooked in ventral view; epiphallus in lateral view slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF3FFFDCFD26BE3E0FF1F9FA" box="[643,715,1623,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Genitalia of male of W. plumipes. a, epandrium dorsal view; b, gonocoxite ventral view; c, epiphallus lateral view; d, epiphallus ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206541/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
c), apex swollen, hooked antero-dorsally; epiphallus in ventral view medially divided (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF3FFFDCFE02BE120CD7F906" box="[423,493,1659,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[325,1262,1172,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Genitalia of male of W. plumipes. a, epandrium dorsal view; b, gonocoxite ventral view; c, epiphallus lateral view; d, epiphallus ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206541/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
d), united only in apical third, basal half separated in two, wide at base narrowing toward apex, swollen near tip; aedeagus spine-like, slightly longer than epiphallus; gonopore terminal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF3FFFDBFF60BEAA095FFF41" blockId="3.[151,1436,1371,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,825]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF3FFFDCFF60BEAA0C77F94E" box="[197,333,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pupal stage</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF3FFFDCFEC5BEAA0C97F94E" box="[352,429,1731,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1110,1133]" captionTargetBox="[294,1293,437,1085]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[294,1293,437,1085]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult and pupa of male of W. plumipes. a and b dorsal and lateral view; c, wing; d, pupa, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206540/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
d): Integument of pupa yellowish hyaline with yellow setae and reddish brown blacktipped tubercles. Cephalic tubercles formed almost in straight line, medial tubercle situated slightly outside line between apices of anterior and posterior tubercles and closer to posterior tubercle. Tubercles broad basally, tapering to sharp apex, with sharp ventrolateral and dorsolateral ridges. Posterior tubercle short. Anterior facial tubercles compressed anteroposteriorly, connected by mesal ridge, with acute lateral apices. With a row of long curved bristles at the junction of the thorax and abdomen. Abdominal tergites two to six with a dorsal row of strong spines adhering to the cuticle except at their tips, tergite seven with a row of simple smaller spines, tergite eight without spines dorsally; sides of segments two to seven with a row of six wide, long flattened outgrowths, four in pleurites, two on sides of sternites. Anal tubercles about four times longer than medial width of one lobe, separated, broad basally, tapering to sharp apex, sclerotized at tip, slightly swollen dorsally before apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF38FFDBFF60B8890F6CFF62" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,825]" box="[197,598,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFF60B8890C26FF6D" bold="true" box="[197,284,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Not collected in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D6538BF38FFDBFF60B96A0E15FE12" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF38FFDBFF60B96A0FCDFEF1" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFF60B96A0C94FE89" bold="true" box="[197,430,259,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207623BF38FFDBFE10B96D0F66FE89" box="[437,604,260,284]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 13, Buenos Aires, La Plata (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE035074BF38FFDBFC0FB96D0938FE89" box="[938,1026,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="-34.883335">34°53'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE035074BF38FFDBFBACB96D0956FE89" box="[1033,1132,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="-50.016666">50°01'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 12 mts),
|
||
<date id="FF891073BF38FFDBFB7EB96D0808FE89" box="[1243,1330,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" value="2009-02">II-2009</date>
|
||
, L. Álvarez; 23 and pupal case, Santiago del Estero, Dpto. Atamisqui (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE035074BF38FFDBFCF8B94E0EE6FEAA" box="[861,988,295,319]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" precision="15" value="-28.648333">28°38'54''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE035074BF38FFDBFC41B94E0957FEAA" box="[996,1133,295,319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" precision="15" value="-64.08278">64°04'58''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 120 mts),
|
||
<date id="FF891073BF38FFDBFB4FB94E084AFEAA" box="[1258,1392,295,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" value="2009-03-21">21-III-2009</date>
|
||
, M. Lucia & L. Álvarez. All in the nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF38FFDBFDEBB9240FCAFEF1" box="[590,752,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFDEBB9240FCAFEF1" box="[590,752,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">X. splendidula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF38FFDBFF60B9190E15FE12" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,825]" box="[197,815,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFF60B9190C3EFE1D" bold="true" box="[197,260,368,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Host.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF38FFDBFEAEB9190E15FE12" authority="Lepeletier." authorityName="Lepeletier." box="[267,815,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidula" subGenus="Schonnherria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFEAEB9190F8BFE1D" box="[267,689,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Xylocopa (Schonnherria) splendidula</emphasis>
|
||
Lepeletier.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D6538BF38FFDBFF60B9FA0FF4FCA2" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF38FFDBFF60B9FA0946FE39" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,825]" box="[197,1148,403,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFF60B9FA0C64FE39" bold="true" box="[197,350,403,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207623BF38FFDBFEC0B9FD0CE3FE39" box="[357,473,404,428]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Buenos Aires, Mendoza and Santiago del Estero provinces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836B3BF38FFDBFF62B9DE0FF4FCA2" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFF62B9DE0CD8FE5A" bold="true" box="[199,482,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF38FFDBFDDEB9D00E39FE45" box="[635,771,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Anthrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFDDEB9D00E39FE45" box="[635,771,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">W. plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
developed in a cell of a nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF38FFDBFBC8B9D1085BFE45" box="[1133,1377,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFBC8B9D1085BFE45" box="[1133,1377,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Xylocopa splendidula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
built in the dead culms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF38FFDBFE34B9B50FB6FE61" authority="L. The" authorityName="L. The" box="[401,652,476,500]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundo" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="donax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFE34B9B50F0EFE61" box="[401,564,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Arundo donax</emphasis>
|
||
L. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequence of images in figure 3a shows the development of a larva located in the right-hand cell that corresponds to the parasitoid, we assume that it is the final non-feeding larval stage. There are two pre-pupal stages of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF38FFDBFD26BA4D0E4CFDA9" box="[643,886,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFD26BA4D0E4CFDA9" box="[643,886,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Xylocopa splendidula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the remaining cells and located to the left near the entrance of the nest is the last empty cell.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF38FFDBFD01BA2E0E34FDCA" box="[676,782,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1227]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Longitudinal section of the nest of Xylocopa (Sch.) splendidula showing the development of carpenter bee and parasitoid bee fly in a period of 28 days. a, 21 - III- 2009; b, 22 - III- 2009; c, 24 - III- 2009; d, 25 - III- 2009; e, 27 - III- 2009; f, 29 - III- 2009; g, 4 - IV- 2009; h, 10 - IV- 2009; i, 14 - IV- 2009; j, 17 - IV- 2009." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
b–c show the beginning of the pupation of the larval bee and parasitoid bee fly. The following images (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF38FFDBFD3DBA050FE6FD11" box="[664,732,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1227]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Longitudinal section of the nest of Xylocopa (Sch.) splendidula showing the development of carpenter bee and parasitoid bee fly in a period of 28 days. a, 21 - III- 2009; b, 22 - III- 2009; c, 24 - III- 2009; d, 25 - III- 2009; e, 27 - III- 2009; f, 29 - III- 2009; g, 4 - IV- 2009; h, 10 - IV- 2009; i, 14 - IV- 2009; j, 17 - IV- 2009." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
. d–i) show the development of the pupal stage of bees and parasitoid fly. On the last pre-emergence day, the bee fly pupa was observed to move to the nest entrance for adult emergence. The last image (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A36BF38FFDBFE70BADD0F28FD59" box="[469,530,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1227]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Longitudinal section of the nest of Xylocopa (Sch.) splendidula showing the development of carpenter bee and parasitoid bee fly in a period of 28 days. a, 21 - III- 2009; b, 22 - III- 2009; c, 24 - III- 2009; d, 25 - III- 2009; e, 27 - III- 2009; f, 29 - III- 2009; g, 4 - IV- 2009; h, 10 - IV- 2009; i, 14 - IV- 2009; j, 17 - IV- 2009." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206542/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Fig 3</figureCitation>
|
||
j) shows the emergence of the adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D30BF38FFDBFC13BADC0907FD59" box="[950,1085,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Anthrax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAA1BF38FFDBFC13BADC0907FD59" box="[950,1085,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">W. plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bee fly and the two remaining bees with their still-in-progress cycle. The two adults of carpenter bees were males. The observation of the pupal stage of the parasitoid lasted 28 days. This clearly shows the unsynchronized development of the adult parasitoid with emergence prior to that of unparasitized bees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |