396 lines
62 KiB
XML
396 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="4466FE9F63773417F287F89E95711FE3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5169696" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5169696" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628280008080" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Austin, George T. & Mielke, Olaf H. H." docDate="2008" docId="F3788781FFA9FFE85BD9FF7DE441FA8D" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0044.1-56.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2008 (44)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Porphyrogenes omphale" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="0F41FFF9FFA1FFE15B19FFBEE74CFFF6" masterDocTitle="Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Porphyrogenes Watson (Lepidoptera: Pyrginae: Eudamini), with descriptions of new species from Central and South America" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1699039468057" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="77C9445A77020186F7AEC728A7B2A213">
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<mods:title id="D6CAEEC1CFDE1B199214BAF7530BA037">Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Porphyrogenes Watson (Lepidoptera: Pyrginae: Eudamini), with descriptions of new species from Central and South America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CE3CF25B9569CBC260E00BC8B24C3FA2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="03E8C1593923B5BBD54660E04672CC32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8EFCE3C75A9BEA18021EFE43047524D6">Austin, George T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6D75A742E8727ABBEE1A31A8096E3B9">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida P. O. Box 112710, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="B5364190574CA61BBD20A58F7748ABFD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D27E432C1AB23D52197908AA5843ABFF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="869977BBE0D81BDEC558DF2C98CE71F5">Mielke, Olaf H. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C412CC6DD5D09E9008A44C376C736657">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Fellow CNPq.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AA986620E46E72A732E08B9BA5404036">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3A08E1062CD8EC1A68F613FDB724085">
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<mods:title id="B4BB701D7EDFD361F46F45DFAACF6A2B">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A119A3A123B08B5EDFD4FCABDC672878">
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<mods:date id="D208B0D8A38FB2AE73665469AC3C367D">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7892A457FC1A4DE457BAC961B179A5F4" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="2B3E5946CAA97758F37C56DBEA0C0FA3">2008-09-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0F76E5636121C9F6770BBBDE4D2045FF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2CE8C83F8B7A7BE98C5E2AC4E0766F72">2008</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0AEE08478A38A3590E3F232042F41E97">44</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F6DF0ACACD3AD3B46CC28501B4A1F095">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="C67661731F8F9573E948C0A18F25ACBE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="847E24C5226BCC89583B09F60CDFE9F0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5169696</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7F5146B07DE690ABC1C347CB853C6D32" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4FB6D5ADFE103934FC54297996BCB0BA" type="Zenodo-Dep">5169696</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F3788781FFA9FFE85BD9FF7DE441FA8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F3788781FFA9FFE85BD9FF7DE441FA8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3788781FFA9FFE85BD9FF7DE441FA8D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFA9FFE95BD9FF7DE4F0FF2D" box="[192,956,195,219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BD9FF7DE4F0FF2D" blockId="8.[192,956,195,219]" box="[192,956,195,219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="202681FBFFA9FFE95BD9FF7DE4F0FF2D" bold="true" box="[192,956,195,219]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA9FFE95BD9FF7DE4F0FF2D" bold="true" box="[192,956,195,219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA9FFE95BD9FF7DE58BFF2D" ID-CoL="555P2" authority="(Butler, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[192,711,195,219]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA9FFE95BD9FF7DE54BFF2D" bold="true" box="[192,519,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Porphyrogenes omphale</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA9FFE9590FFF7DE5F2FF2D" author="Butler, A. G." box="[534,702,195,219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="282 - 291" refId="ref35324" refString="Butler, A. G. 1871. Descriptions of some new species of Lepidoptera, chiefly from the collection of Mr. Wilson Saunders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 8 (46): 282 - 291." type="journal article" year="1871">Butler, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, reinstated status
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFA9FFE95BD9FF5DE57BFF0D" box="[192,567,227,251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BD9FF5DE57BFF0D" blockId="8.[192,567,227,251]" box="[192,567,227,251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95BD0FF5DE660FF0D" box="[201,300,227,251]" captionStart="Figure 1-18" captionStartId="42.[195,279,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[262,1384,194,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-18@42.[262,1385,194,1691]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 1-18. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 1) Porphyrogenes boliva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 2) same, vs. 3) Phareas ferruginea Plötz, 1883, lectotype male, ds. 4) same, vs. 5) Augiades despecta Butler, 1870, lectotype female, ds. 6) same, vs. 7) Telegonus omphale Butler, 1871, lectotype male, ds. 8) same, vs. 9) Eudamus pausias Hewitson, 1867, lectotype male, ds. 10) same, vs. 11) Porphyrogenes pausias, female associated with lectotype, ds. 12) same, vs. 13) Telegonus probus Möschler, 1877, lectotype female, ds. 14) same, vs. 15) Porphyrogenes suva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 16) same, vs. 17) Telemiades vulpecula Plötz, 1882, lectotype male, ds. 18) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169698/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7, 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95A20FF5DE6CCFF0D" box="[313,384,227,251]" captionStart="Figure 51-64" captionStartId="45.[191,275,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[306,1324,226,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-15@45.[242,1382,197,1467]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 51-64. Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 51) P. boliva, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 17 August 1993, ds. 52) same, vs. 53) P. ferruginea, male, ECUADOR: La Selva, ds. 54) same, vs. 55) P. despecta, male, [BRAZIL], Pará, no date, ds. 56) same, vs. 57) P. omphale, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 18 November 1992, ds. 58) same, vs. 59) P. omphale, female, PANAMA: Panamá Prov.; Distrito de El Llano, Cordillera de San Blas, north of El Llano, ca. 330m, 9 May 1978, ds. 60) same, vs. 61) P. pausias, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; linha C-10, 5 km S of Cacaulândia, 13 November 1994, ds. 62) same, vs. 63) P. pausias, female, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 April 1997, ds. 64) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169704/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">57-60</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95A92FF5DE6F6FF0D" box="[395,442,227,251]" captionStart="Figure 115-123" captionStartId="49.[193,276,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[259,1381,214,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-15@49.[236,1393,194,1686]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 115-123. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA 2 -2A and anal cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 115) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #1616); 116) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 117) P. despecta, BRAZIL: Pará (GTA #7587); 118) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 119) P. omphale, BRAZIL:Rondônia (no number); 120) P. probus (GTA #6700); 121) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #8879); 122) P. spanda, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 123) P. stresa, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169712/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">119</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95ADFFF5DE6B9FF0D" box="[454,501,227,251]" captionStart="Figure 134-139" captionStartId="52.[195,279,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[265,1366,242,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-18@52.[250,1381,195,1703]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 134-139. Male genitalia of Porphyrogenes; shown are lateral view of uncus, gnathos, tegumen, and saccus; dorsal view of uncus and tegumen; ventral view of uncus and gnathos; juxta; lateral view (with extended vesica) and often dorsal view of aedeagus; internal lateral view of right valva (inset shows the flattened harpe). 134) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3499); 135) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 136) P. despecta, BRAZIL:Pará (GTA #7587); 137) P. omphale, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3229); 138) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 139) P. probus, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #6700)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169720/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">137</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95919FF5DE561FF0D" box="[512,557,227,251]" captionStart="Figure 154-159" captionStartId="56.[195,279,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[209,1425,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-17@56.[197,1443,192,1626]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 154-159. Female genitalia of Porphyrogenes (ventral view). 154) P. omphale, PANAMA (GTA #8908); 155) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #8885); 156) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4426); 157) P. probus, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4425); 158) P. vulpecula, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #13796); 159) P. spanda, VENEZUELA (GTA #13797)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169730/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">154</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFA9FFE95BD9FE9DE21EFE8D" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BD9FE9DE2ECFECD" blockId="8.[192,1440,291,379]" box="[192,1440,291,316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA9FFE95BD9FE9DE502FECD" ID-CoL="555P2" authority="Butler, 1871" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" box="[192,590,291,315]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA9FFE95BD9FE9DE6E7FECD" box="[192,427,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Telegonus omphale</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="CBB93CCAFFA9FFE95AA8FE9DE502FECD" box="[433,590,291,315]" country="Venezuela" location="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA9FFE95AA8FE9DE502FECD" author="Butler, A. G." box="[433,590,291,315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="282 - 291" refId="ref35324" refString="Butler, A. G. 1871. Descriptions of some new species of Lepidoptera, chiefly from the collection of Mr. Wilson Saunders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 8 (46): 282 - 291." type="journal article" year="1871">Butler, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA9FFE9581AFE9DE4CBFECD" box="[771,903,291,315]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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; male type (herein designated the
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<typeStatus id="A46A8835FFA9FFE95E30FE9DE2D0FECD" box="[1321,1436,291,315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BE9FEFDE6B8FEAD" blockId="8.[192,1440,291,379]" box="[240,500,323,347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95BE9FEFDE61EFEAD" box="[240,338,323,347]" captionStart="Figure 1-18" captionStartId="42.[195,279,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[262,1384,194,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-18@42.[262,1385,194,1691]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 1-18. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 1) Porphyrogenes boliva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 2) same, vs. 3) Phareas ferruginea Plötz, 1883, lectotype male, ds. 4) same, vs. 5) Augiades despecta Butler, 1870, lectotype female, ds. 6) same, vs. 7) Telegonus omphale Butler, 1871, lectotype male, ds. 8) same, vs. 9) Eudamus pausias Hewitson, 1867, lectotype male, ds. 10) same, vs. 11) Porphyrogenes pausias, female associated with lectotype, ds. 12) same, vs. 13) Telegonus probus Möschler, 1877, lectotype female, ds. 14) same, vs. 15) Porphyrogenes suva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 16) same, vs. 17) Telemiades vulpecula Plötz, 1882, lectotype male, ds. 18) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169698/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7, 8</figureCitation>
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) in BM(NH).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BD9FEDDE21EFE8D" blockId="8.[192,1440,291,379]" box="[192,1362,355,379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA9FFE95BD9FEDDE44BFE8D" authority="(Butler, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[192,775,355,379]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="passalus" subSpecies="omphale">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA9FFE95BD9FEDDE518FE8D" box="[192,596,355,379]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Porphyrogenes passalus omphale</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA9FFE9597BFEDDE5B2FE8D" author="Butler, A. G." box="[610,766,355,379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="282 - 291" refId="ref35324" refString="Butler, A. G. 1871. Descriptions of some new species of Lepidoptera, chiefly from the collection of Mr. Wilson Saunders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 8 (46): 282 - 291." type="journal article" year="1871">Butler, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA9FFE95809FEDAE4EDFE8D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[784,929,355,379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA9FFE958B5FEDDE3F3FE8D" bold="true" box="[940,1215,355,379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">incorrect synonymy</emphasis>
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(see below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFA9FFE85BE9FE1DE418FF0A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BE9FE1DE3CDFCCD" blockId="8.[192,1441,419,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA9FFE95BE9FE1DE6D7FE4D" bold="true" box="[240,411,419,443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Description.</emphasis>
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Male (
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95AF5FE1DE502FE4D" box="[492,590,419,443]" captionStart="Figure 1-18" captionStartId="42.[195,279,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[262,1384,194,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-18@42.[262,1385,194,1691]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 1-18. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 1) Porphyrogenes boliva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 2) same, vs. 3) Phareas ferruginea Plötz, 1883, lectotype male, ds. 4) same, vs. 5) Augiades despecta Butler, 1870, lectotype female, ds. 6) same, vs. 7) Telegonus omphale Butler, 1871, lectotype male, ds. 8) same, vs. 9) Eudamus pausias Hewitson, 1867, lectotype male, ds. 10) same, vs. 11) Porphyrogenes pausias, female associated with lectotype, ds. 12) same, vs. 13) Telegonus probus Möschler, 1877, lectotype female, ds. 14) same, vs. 15) Porphyrogenes suva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 16) same, vs. 17) Telemiades vulpecula Plötz, 1882, lectotype male, ds. 18) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169698/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7, 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95943FE1DE5EFFE4D" box="[602,675,419,443]" captionStart="Figure 51-64" captionStartId="45.[191,275,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[306,1324,226,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-15@45.[242,1382,197,1467]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 51-64. Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 51) P. boliva, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 17 August 1993, ds. 52) same, vs. 53) P. ferruginea, male, ECUADOR: La Selva, ds. 54) same, vs. 55) P. despecta, male, [BRAZIL], Pará, no date, ds. 56) same, vs. 57) P. omphale, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 18 November 1992, ds. 58) same, vs. 59) P. omphale, female, PANAMA: Panamá Prov.; Distrito de El Llano, Cordillera de San Blas, north of El Llano, ca. 330m, 9 May 1978, ds. 60) same, vs. 61) P. pausias, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; linha C-10, 5 km S of Cacaulândia, 13 November 1994, ds. 62) same, vs. 63) P. pausias, female, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 April 1997, ds. 64) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169704/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">57, 58</figureCitation>
|
|
) - mean forewing length = 24.2 mm (23.5-25.6 mm, n = 10; from
|
|
<collectingRegion id="B915F875FFA9FFE95BD9FE7DE675FE2D" box="[192,313,451,475]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA9FFE95A5CFE7DE6D8FE2D" box="[325,404,451,475]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
); forewing with costal fold, apex not produced, termen convex, anal margin broadly convex on basal half, semierect tuft on this convex portion; hindwing prominently convex, tornus produced to very short lobe, vein Rs arising nearer to end of discal cell than to its base and just basad of or opposite CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95A7DFD8DE621FDB4" attach="left" box="[356,365,563,578]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95A65FD9DE6AEFDCD" box="[380,482,547,571]" captionStart="Figure 115-123" captionStartId="49.[193,276,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[259,1381,214,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-15@49.[236,1393,194,1686]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 115-123. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA 2 -2A and anal cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 115) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #1616); 116) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 117) P. despecta, BRAZIL: Pará (GTA #7587); 118) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 119) P. omphale, BRAZIL:Rondônia (no number); 120) P. probus (GTA #6700); 121) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #8879); 122) P. spanda, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 123) P. stresa, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169712/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
|
); dorsum black; forewing overscaled basad with bright iridescent purple-blue, continuous yellow-orange translucent band from costa, through distal end of discal cell, base of M
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95E51FDEDE21DFD94" attach="left" box="[1352,1361,595,610]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">3</subScript>
|
|
-CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95E89FDEDE2D5FD94" attach="left" box="[1424,1433,595,610]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
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, mid-CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95A29FDCDE675FD74" attach="left" box="[304,313,627,642]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
-CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95A60FDCDE6CEFD74" attach="right" box="[377,386,627,642]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
|
|
, and terminating at or near termen distad in CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE958FEFDCDE4BCFD74" attach="left" box="[999,1008,627,642]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
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|
-2A; hindwing overscaled with blue basad, largely posterior of discal cell, more extensive than on forewing, extending to or nearly to termen at tornus; shining gray speculum in anterior discal cell (as small oval area), proximal 1/2 of Sc+R
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95E2CFD0DE272FD34" attach="left" box="[1333,1342,691,706]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
-Rs, and proximal 2/3 of costal cell; short pale tan recumbent tuft near base of Sc+R
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95F5AFD6DE300FD14" attach="left" box="[1091,1100,723,738]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
-Rs anterior to origin of vein Rs, slightly larger semierect pale tan tuft arising from near base of discal cell, both covering the base of speculum in Sc+R
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95A85FCADE6E9FCD4" attach="right" box="[412,421,787,802]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
-Rs (
|
|
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95AC5FCBDE50DFCED" box="[476,577,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 115-123" captionStartId="49.[193,276,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[259,1381,214,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-15@49.[236,1393,194,1686]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 115-123. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA 2 -2A and anal cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 115) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #1616); 116) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 117) P. despecta, BRAZIL: Pará (GTA #7587); 118) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 119) P. omphale, BRAZIL:Rondônia (no number); 120) P. probus (GTA #6700); 121) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #8879); 122) P. spanda, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 123) P. stresa, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169712/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
|
); conspicuous erect blue tuft along anterior edge of vein 2A, recumbent pale brown tuft from posterior edge of 2A; fringes on both wings of ground color.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BE9FCFAE39AFC2D" blockId="8.[192,1441,419,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Venter similar to dorsum; all colors duller; forewing vein 2A curved (but not sinuate), bare and broadly swollen in second quarter (from base), this conspicuously in groove (
|
|
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95F58FCDDE3EFFC8D" box="[1089,1187,867,891]" captionStart="Figure 115-123" captionStartId="49.[193,276,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[259,1381,214,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-15@49.[236,1393,194,1686]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 115-123. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA 2 -2A and anal cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 115) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #1616); 116) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 117) P. despecta, BRAZIL: Pará (GTA #7587); 118) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 119) P. omphale, BRAZIL:Rondônia (no number); 120) P. probus (GTA #6700); 121) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #8879); 122) P. spanda, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 123) P. stresa, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169712/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
|
), shining gray-brown speculum in posterior 1/2 of the proximal 1/2 of CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE9583DFC2DE460FC54" attach="left" box="[804,812,915,930]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
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|
-2A and proximal 1/2 of anal cell, the latter continued by modified pale brown scales extending nearly to tornus; hindwing with blue more extensive than on dorsum, no indication of discal macules; cell 2A-3A with deep groove just caudad of 2A.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BE9FC5DE430FBAD" blockId="8.[192,1441,419,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Dorsal head and thorax blue, palpi gray, eyes dark (appearing black), antennae black, ochreous on venter of club, nudum gray, 28 (n = 2), 29 (n = 3), 30 (n = 3), or 31 (n = 1) segments, ventral thorax blue, pectus blue, legs dark brown proximad, paler distad, dorsal abdomen dark gray with some blue overscaling, ventral abdomen charcoal gray with some blue anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BE9FBDDE35EFA8D" blockId="8.[192,1441,419,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Genitalia (
|
|
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95A76FBDDE69CFB8D" box="[367,464,1123,1147]" captionStart="Figure 134-139" captionStartId="52.[195,279,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[265,1366,242,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-18@52.[250,1381,195,1703]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 134-139. Male genitalia of Porphyrogenes; shown are lateral view of uncus, gnathos, tegumen, and saccus; dorsal view of uncus and tegumen; ventral view of uncus and gnathos; juxta; lateral view (with extended vesica) and often dorsal view of aedeagus; internal lateral view of right valva (inset shows the flattened harpe). 134) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3499); 135) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 136) P. despecta, BRAZIL:Pará (GTA #7587); 137) P. omphale, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3229); 138) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 139) P. probus, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #6700)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169720/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 137</figureCitation>
|
|
) - tegumen narrow in lateral view, oval in dorsal view, short dorso-caudal oriented process from each side of caudal end, no tuft; uncus thin and moderately decurved in lateral view, deeply divided in U-shape in dorsal view, arms thin and fairly widely spaced, ventral process of uncus triangular; gnathos shorter than uncus, thin in lateral view, terminal ends rounded in ventral view; combined ventral arms from tegumen and dorsal arms from saccus sinuate; saccus narrow, oriented cephalad; valva with costa-ampulla more or less quadrate, caudal end of ampulla with dense bristles, harpe short, narrow, curving evenly upward and slightly inward to blunt caudal end oriented nearly dorsad, caudal end with many bristles; aedeagus slightly longer than valva, broad with blunt caudal end, caudal 1/3 shagreened; cornuti as small cluster of long, thin, and straight spikes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BE9FA3DE308F98D" blockId="8.[192,1441,419,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Female (
|
|
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95A45FA3DE692FA6D" box="[348,478,1411,1435]" captionStart="Figure 51-64" captionStartId="45.[191,275,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[306,1324,226,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-15@45.[242,1382,197,1467]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 51-64. Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 51) P. boliva, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 17 August 1993, ds. 52) same, vs. 53) P. ferruginea, male, ECUADOR: La Selva, ds. 54) same, vs. 55) P. despecta, male, [BRAZIL], Pará, no date, ds. 56) same, vs. 57) P. omphale, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 18 November 1992, ds. 58) same, vs. 59) P. omphale, female, PANAMA: Panamá Prov.; Distrito de El Llano, Cordillera de San Blas, north of El Llano, ca. 330m, 9 May 1978, ds. 60) same, vs. 61) P. pausias, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; linha C-10, 5 km S of Cacaulândia, 13 November 1994, ds. 62) same, vs. 63) P. pausias, female, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 April 1997, ds. 64) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169704/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 59, 60</figureCitation>
|
|
) - mean forewing length = 30.3 mm (29.2-32.1 mm, n = 3; from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA9FFE95FFFFA3DE227FA6D" box="[1254,1387,1411,1435]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA9FFE95BD9FA1DE664FA4D" box="[192,296,1443,1467]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
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|
); forewing apex rounded, termen slightly convex, anal margin straight; hindwing convex, tornus produced to very short lobe, vein Rs arising nearer to end of discal cell than to its base and opposite CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95E89FA6DE2D5FA14" attach="right" box="[1424,1433,1491,1506]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
|
|
; dorsum black; forewing overscaled at very base with bright blue, continuous broad (2.0-4.0 mm) yelloworange partially transparent (in discal cell, M
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE959EEF9ADE44CF9D4" attach="left" box="[759,768,1555,1570]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">3</subScript>
|
|
-CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95859F9ADE405F9D4" attach="left" box="[832,841,1555,1570]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
, proximal CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95F1CF9ADE342F9D4" attach="left" box="[1029,1038,1555,1570]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
-CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95F57F9ADE31BF9D4" attach="left" box="[1102,1111,1555,1570]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
|
|
) band from costa, through distal end of discal cell, base of M
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95942F98DE528F9B4" attach="right" box="[603,612,1587,1602]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">3</subScript>
|
|
-CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE959BDF98DE5E1F9B4" attach="right" box="[676,685,1587,1602]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
, mid-CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95832F98DE478F9B4" attach="left" box="[811,820,1587,1602]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
-CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE9586DF98DE431F9B4" attach="right" box="[884,893,1587,1602]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
|
|
, and terminating nearly at termen distad in CuA
|
|
<subScript id="E75534D2FFA9FFE95BEEF9EDE64CF994" attach="left" box="[247,256,1619,1634]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
|
|
-2A; hindwing overscaled with blue on basal 1/2 extending nearly to termen at tornus; erect tuft on vein 2A, bright blue proximad, brown distad; fringes on both wings brown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BE9F93AE5A6F94D" blockId="8.[192,1441,419,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Venter similar to dorsum; all colors duller; forewing vein 2A slightly curved; anal margin tan; hindwing cell 2A-3A with deep groove just caudad of 2A.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE95BE9F97DE3D6F8ED" blockId="8.[192,1441,419,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Dorsal head and thorax blue, palpi tan, eyes black, antennae black on dorsum, ochreous on venter, nudum red-brown, 30 (n = 2) or 32 (n = 1) segments, ventral thorax blue, pectus tan, legs brown, dorsal abdomen dark brown, ventral abdomen brown, slightly paler at segments caudad.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA9FFE85BE9F89DE418FF0A" blockId="8.[192,1441,419,1883]" lastBlockId="9.[192,1441,196,1403]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Genitalia (
|
|
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA9FFE95A76F89DE683F8CD" box="[367,463,1827,1851]" captionStart="Figure 154-159" captionStartId="56.[195,279,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[209,1425,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-17@56.[197,1443,192,1626]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 154-159. Female genitalia of Porphyrogenes (ventral view). 154) P. omphale, PANAMA (GTA #8908); 155) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #8885); 156) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4426); 157) P. probus, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4425); 158) P. vulpecula, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #13796); 159) P. spanda, VENEZUELA (GTA #13797)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169730/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 154</figureCitation>
|
|
) - lamella postvaginalis broad, sclerotized largely in central portion of caudal edge, this having narrow and shallow U-shaped indentation centrally; lamella antevaginalis quadrate with central pointed process and membranous plates laterad; ductus bursae short, broad and membranous with a sclerotized plate; corpus bursae small, globular.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFA8FFE85BE9FEBDE536FDEA" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA8FFE85BE9FEBDE536FDEA" blockId="9.[192,1441,196,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85BE9FEBDE534FEEA" bold="true" box="[240,632,259,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Distribution and phenology.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85967FEBAE4EFFEEA" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[638,931,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85967FEBAE4EFFEEA" box="[638,931,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Porphyrogenes omphale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is known from scattered records in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85E40FEBAE7B4FECA" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85A18FE9AE624FECD" box="[257,360,292,315]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85A68FE9AE6A6FECA" box="[369,490,292,316]" name="Suriname" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85AEDFE9AE51AFECA" box="[500,598,292,316]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85946FE9AE593FECA" box="[607,735,292,316]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
, northern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE8584EFE9AE4EDFECA" box="[855,929,292,316]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
through the Amazonian basin to
|
|
<collectingRegion id="B915F875FFA8FFE85E3EFE9AE2D0FECA" box="[1319,1436,292,316]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85BD9FEFAE7B2FEAD" box="[192,254,324,347]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85A26FEFAE6DBFEAA" box="[319,407,324,348]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85ABFFEFAE570FEAA" author="Butler, A. G." box="[422,572,324,348]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="282 - 291" refId="ref35324" refString="Butler, A. G. 1871. Descriptions of some new species of Lepidoptera, chiefly from the collection of Mr. Wilson Saunders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 8 (46): 282 - 291." type="journal article" year="1871">Butler 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85951FEFAE5ABFEAA" author="Draudt, M. W. K." box="[584,743,324,348]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="833 - 1011" refId="ref35495" refString="Draudt, M. W. K. 1922. Grypocera, breitkopfige Tagfalter, p. 833 - 1011. In: A. Seitz. Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 5. Die amerikanischen Tagfalter. A. Kernen; Stuttgart. 1139 p." type="book chapter" year="1922">Draudt 1922</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE859EBFEFAE35AFEAA" author="Williams, R. C., Jr. & E. L. Bell" box="[754,1046,324,348]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref36969" refString="Williams, R. C., Jr., and E. L. Bell. 1934. Studies in the American Hesperioidea. Paper III. (Lepidoptera). On the synonymy of some species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 60: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="1934">Williams and Bell 1934</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85F38FEFAE3D4FEAA" author="Bell, E. L." box="[1057,1176,324,348]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="65 - 203" refId="ref35158" refString="Bell, E. L. 1946. A catalogue of the Hesperioidea of Venezuela. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana 5: 65 - 203." type="journal article" year="1946">Bell 1946</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85FBAFEFAE27AFEAD" author="Evans, W. H." box="[1187,1334,323,347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85E58FEFAE7B1FE8A" author="de Jong, R." pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="233 - 268" refId="ref35410" refString="de Jong, R. 1983. Annotated list of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of Surinam, with descriptions of new taxa. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 126: 233 - 268." type="journal article" year="1983">de Jong 1983</bibRefCitation>
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|
, this study) and perhaps elsewhere (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE859B7FEDAE470FE8D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[686,828,355,380]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE8585FFEDAE4AAFE8A" author="Murray, D. L." box="[838,998,356,380]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="42 - 60" refId="ref36366" refString="Murray, D. L. 1996. A survey of the butterfly fauna of Jatun Sacha, Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 35: 42 - 60." type="journal article" year="1996">Murray 1996</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE858E9FEDAE399FE8A" author="Robbins, R. K. & G. Lamas & O. H. H. Mielke & D. J. Harvey & M. M. Casagrande" box="[1008,1237,356,380]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="217 - 252" refId="ref36574" refString="Robbins, R. K., G. Lamas, O. H. H. Mielke, D. J. Harvey, and M. M. Casagrande. 1996. Taxonomic composition and ecological structure of the species-rich butterfly community at Pakitza, Parque Nacional del Manu, Peru, p. 217 - 252. In: D. E. Wilson and A. Sandoval (eds.)., Manu, The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D. C. 679 p." type="book chapter" year="1996">Robbins et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). Females attributed to this species were studied from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE8598AFE3AE45AFE6A" box="[659,790,388,412]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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|
(December),
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|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE858AEFE3AE352FE6D" box="[951,1054,388,411]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
|
(May, September; GTA #8908),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85BD9FE1AE60DFE4A" box="[192,321,420,444]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85A53FE1AE6D3FE4A" box="[330,415,420,444]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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|
(Rio Songo), and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85972FE1AE5F9FE4A" box="[619,693,420,444]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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|
(Pará). The distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE858EFFE1AE337FE4A" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1014,1147,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE858EFFE1AE337FE4A" box="[1014,1147,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. omphale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has not been adequately delimited due to misidentifications of its female (see below). Records for central
|
|
<collectingRegion id="B915F875FFA8FFE85F6FFE7AE3A1FE2A" box="[1142,1261,452,476]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
|
|
, where it is the most commonly encountered
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85905FE5AE581FE0A" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1893" box="[540,717,484,508]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85905FE5AE581FE0A" box="[540,717,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Porphyrogenes</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, are for July (4 records), August (10), September (7), October (1), November (4), and December (1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="33CB651CFFA8FFE85BE9FD9DE441FA8D" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA8FFE85BE9FD9DE254FCAD" blockId="9.[192,1441,196,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85BE9FD9DE51FFDCD" bold="true" box="[240,595,547,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis and discussion.</emphasis>
|
|
This strikingly-colored black, blue, and orange species is known from southern Central America and northern South America, southward into
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85F05FDFAE32AFDAA" box="[1052,1126,580,604]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85F87FDFAE3BFFDAA" box="[1182,1267,580,604]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85E18FDFAE2D7FDAA" author="Draudt, M. W. K." box="[1281,1435,580,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="833 - 1011" refId="ref35495" refString="Draudt, M. W. K. 1922. Grypocera, breitkopfige Tagfalter, p. 833 - 1011. In: A. Seitz. Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 5. Die amerikanischen Tagfalter. A. Kernen; Stuttgart. 1139 p." type="book chapter" year="1922">Draudt 1922</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85BD9FDDAE679FD8A" author="Bell, E. L." box="[192,309,612,636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="65 - 203" refId="ref35158" refString="Bell, E. L. 1946. A catalogue of the Hesperioidea of Venezuela. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana 5: 65 - 203." type="journal article" year="1946">Bell 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85A26FDDAE69CFD8D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[319,464,611,635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85AC3FDDAE536FD8A" author="de Jong, R." box="[474,634,612,636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="233 - 268" refId="ref35410" refString="de Jong, R. 1983. Annotated list of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of Surinam, with descriptions of new taxa. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 126: 233 - 268." type="journal article" year="1983">de Jong 1983</bibRefCitation>
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|
, this study). Its color and pattern differs from other congeners that are largely reddish brown and lightly marked.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE859E8FD3AE35DFD6A" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[753,1041,644,668]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE859E8FD3AE35DFD6A" box="[753,1041,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Porphyrogenes omphale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also not crepuscular or nocturnal like other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85A73FD1AE553FD4A" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1893" box="[362,543,676,700]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85A73FD1AE553FD4A" box="[362,543,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Porphyrogenes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, being active largely during the afternoon (timed records for 1230 to 1600 hours). The phenotypic aspect of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85956FD7AE59BFD2A" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[591,727,708,732]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85956FD7AE59BFD2A" box="[591,727,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. omphale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
suggests its membership in a mimicry complex potentially including certain diurnal moths (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85954FD5AE5BAFD0A" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[589,758,740,764]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE859E6FD5AE436FD0A" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" box="[767,890,740,764]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dioptinae">Dioptinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE8589DFD5AE4BAFD0A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[900,1014,740,764]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arctiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and butterflies including riodinids such as female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85A98FCBAE444FCED" authority="Saunders, 1859" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1859" box="[385,776,771,796]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Necyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manco">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85A98FCBAE576FCED" box="[385,570,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Necyria manco</emphasis>
|
|
Saunders, 1859
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE8580DFCBAE3E4FCED" authority="(Saunders, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Saunders" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[788,1192,771,796]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ancyluris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE8580DFCBAE485FCED" box="[788,969,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ancyluris inca</emphasis>
|
|
(Saunders, 1850)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85E08FCBAE6D8FCCA" authority="(Hewitson, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Ancyluris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85E08FCBAE2ECFCEA" box="[1297,1440,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">A. miranda</emphasis>
|
|
(Hewitson, 1874)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, some female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85925FC9AE429FCCD" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[572,869,803,828]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Setabis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85925FC9AE5DAFCCA" box="[572,662,804,828]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Setabis</emphasis>
|
|
Westwood, 1851
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85869FC9AE220FCCA" authority="(Godart, [1824])" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[880,1388,804,828]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Esthemopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pherephatte">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85869FC9AE3EEFCCA" box="[880,1186,804,828]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Esthemopsis pherephatte</emphasis>
|
|
(Godart, [1824])
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and nymphalids (e.g., certain
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85AEBFCFAE453FCAA" authority="Hubner, [1819]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[498,799,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callicore" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85AEBFCFAE513FCAA" box="[498,607,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Callicore</emphasis>
|
|
Hübner, [1819]
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, perhaps some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE858CFFCFAE246FCAD" authority="Doubleday, [1845]" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1845" box="[982,1290,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Agrias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE858CFFCFAE36BFCAD" box="[982,1063,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Agrias</emphasis>
|
|
Doubleday, [1845]
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA8FFE85BE9FCDAE32EFBED" blockId="9.[192,1441,196,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85BE9FCDAE6C3FC8D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[240,399,867,891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
identified the female of this species as a dark brown phenotype with “shining greenish blue” bases to the dorsal wings and a “macular white band” across the forewing. That phenotype had been described as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85A43FC1AE413FC4A" authority="Herrich-Schaffer, 1869" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1869" box="[346,863,932,956]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eudamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="passalus">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85A43FC1AE50CFC4A" box="[346,576,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Eudamus passalus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE8595CFC1AE413FC4A" author="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W." box="[581,863,932,956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="163 - 172" refId="ref35743" refString="Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. 1869. Prodromus systematis lepidopterorum, Versuch einer systematischen Anordnung der Schmetterlinge. Correspondenz Blatt des zoologisch-mineralogischen Vereines in Regensburg 23: 163 - 172." type="journal article" year="1869">Herrich-Schäffer, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This synonymy, without apparent justification, seems to be incorrect since the apparent female of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE8580AFC7AE4D5FC2A" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[787,921,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE8580AFC7AE4D5FC2A" box="[787,921,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. omphale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a black, blue, and orange phenotype (
|
|
<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA8FFE85E68FC7AE644FC0A" captionStart="Figure 51-64" captionStartId="45.[191,275,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[306,1324,226,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-15@45.[242,1382,197,1467]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 51-64. Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 51) P. boliva, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 17 August 1993, ds. 52) same, vs. 53) P. ferruginea, male, ECUADOR: La Selva, ds. 54) same, vs. 55) P. despecta, male, [BRAZIL], Pará, no date, ds. 56) same, vs. 57) P. omphale, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 18 November 1992, ds. 58) same, vs. 59) P. omphale, female, PANAMA: Panamá Prov.; Distrito de El Llano, Cordillera de San Blas, north of El Llano, ca. 330m, 9 May 1978, ds. 60) same, vs. 61) P. pausias, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; linha C-10, 5 km S of Cacaulândia, 13 November 1994, ds. 62) same, vs. 63) P. pausias, female, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 April 1997, ds. 64) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169704/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Fig. 59, 60</figureCitation>
|
|
) similar to the male as described above. Therefore,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85868FC5AE31BFC0A" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1869" box="[881,1111,996,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eudamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="passalus">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85868FC5AE31BFC0A" box="[881,1111,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Eudamus passalus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is removed from synonymy with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85BE7FBBAE6CAFBEA" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[254,390,1028,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Porphyrogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85BE7FBBAE6CAFBEA" box="[254,390,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. omphale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the latter is returned to its original species-level status.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7B6E3697FFA8FFE85BE9FB9DE441FA8D" blockId="9.[192,1441,196,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
|
The male type, one of
|
|
<specimenCount id="6DD7FD1EFFA8FFE85AEDFB9AE5EFFBCD" box="[500,675,1059,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
in the BM(NH) from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE858BBFB9DE36DFBCD" box="[930,1057,1059,1083]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="E3EA2A12FFA8FFE85F29FB9DE3C3FBCD" box="[1072,1167,1059,1083]" captionStart="Figure 1-18" captionStartId="42.[195,279,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[262,1384,194,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-18@42.[262,1385,194,1691]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 1-18. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 1) Porphyrogenes boliva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 2) same, vs. 3) Phareas ferruginea Plötz, 1883, lectotype male, ds. 4) same, vs. 5) Augiades despecta Butler, 1870, lectotype female, ds. 6) same, vs. 7) Telegonus omphale Butler, 1871, lectotype male, ds. 8) same, vs. 9) Eudamus pausias Hewitson, 1867, lectotype male, ds. 10) same, vs. 11) Porphyrogenes pausias, female associated with lectotype, ds. 12) same, vs. 13) Telegonus probus Möschler, 1877, lectotype female, ds. 14) same, vs. 15) Porphyrogenes suva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 16) same, vs. 17) Telemiades vulpecula Plötz, 1882, lectotype male, ds. 18) same, vs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5169698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5169698/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7, 8</figureCitation>
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), is here designated as the
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<typeStatus id="A46A8835FFA8FFE85BF7FBFDE62EFBAD" box="[238,354,1091,1115]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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. It has four labels: / Type H. T. /, / omphale type /, /
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<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE858D6FBFDE31CFBAD" box="[975,1104,1091,1115]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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/, /
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<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85F60FBFDE3B6FBAD" box="[1145,1274,1091,1115]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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Dyson 47-9./. This unequivocally defines
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<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE8591FFBDDE5A1FB8D" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" box="[518,749,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE8591FFBDDE5A1FB8D" box="[518,749,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Telegonus omphale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and will serve to facilitate discussion of its yet unresolved apparently geographic variation.
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<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE8594BFB3AE5BDFB6D" author="Evans, W. H." box="[594,753,1155,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized two subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85F4BFB3AE394FB6D" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" box="[1106,1240,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Telegonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omphale">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85F4BFB3AE394FB6D" box="[1106,1240,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. omphale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="BCD14D14FFA8FFE85E1EFB3AE2DCFB6D" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1869" box="[1287,1424,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eudamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="passalus">
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<emphasis id="49A5EA85FFA8FFE85E1EFB3AE2DCFB6D" box="[1287,1424,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. passalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), one putatively smaller with a broad orange band on the forewing occurring in northwestern South America (
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<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85BD1FB7DE601FB2D" box="[200,333,1219,1243]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85A41FB7DE682FB2D" box="[344,462,1219,1243]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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) and the other larger with a narrower band occurring elsewhere. The measurements given above are representative of a sample of males from
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<collectingRegion id="B915F875FFA8FFE858D0FB5DE30EFB0D" box="[969,1090,1251,1275]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="03C67607FFA8FFE85F52FB5DE3D6FB0D" box="[1099,1178,1251,1275]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, but others from elsewhere have forewing lengths ranging from 21.3 mm to 27.7 mm. Material examined in this study suggests no consistent pattern of geographical variation in size or width of the orange band on the forewing; the male genitalia remain constant throughout (also illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE858F9FAFDE3B6FAAD" author="Williams, R. C., Jr. & E. L. Bell" box="[992,1274,1347,1371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref36969" refString="Williams, R. C., Jr., and E. L. Bell. 1934. Studies in the American Hesperioidea. Paper III. (Lepidoptera). On the synonymy of some species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 60: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="1934">Williams and Bell 1934</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1F404B66FFA8FFE85E1DFAFAE2D8FAAD" author="Evans, W. H." box="[1284,1428,1347,1371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref35584" refString="Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Part II (groups B, C, D), Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History); London. 178 p." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952</bibRefCitation>
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). Consequently, no subspecies are here recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |