192 lines
21 KiB
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192 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="F1393AF313EC4C7D917F2E0514F3EB22" ID-CLB-Dataset="35821" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.7619" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b06c4dfd-53dc-4761-8054-db9d4e55c400" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-137" ID-ZooBank="5C4F53502C8E422C8C5BDB8A04300D19" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1860-1324-1-137" ModsDocOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1)" ModsDocTitle="Key to the species of Megarhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Rhyssinae) in America, north of Mexico" checkinTime="1459712056010" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pook, Victoria G., Sharkey, Michael J. & Wahl, David B." docDate="2016" docId="EBBCF13FE155BF8BB704CFD50A38214C" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 63(1): 137-148" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.7619" docTitle="Megarhyssa nortoni Cresson 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FFCDFFD1FFBC88241678DE15E9527A70" masterDocTitle="Key to the species of Megarhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Rhyssinae) in America, north of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1701373705566" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F356FE25C8774E65EAB81A6F1A509651">Key to the species of Megarhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Rhyssinae) in America, north of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1C75E6C933609580E983DC8BBBCCCAC5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4E7521727FF66B49572D268E9A2C2AAD">Pook, Victoria G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF8ACF901D0032863F61AB28572289A8">Sharkey, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7984EC0A9A191F23FEA0AB9E3CC76E54">Wahl, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B037AE168D306ECFA7CD36113C59BB2A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FFC642A6AEFDDEF529797A77D494E4AE">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5912BEAEE9997DE06DA8E7E08E1ED25C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7EC6BCFECBC6FF7C35F8760D89B1A2A0">63</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="69A2C90BF118B3CBC8E0064199C00A01">137</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="50E3C38041253E742C1AC458E95C6D7F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.7619</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8CBD70BEE54E336627E65B2D32A65399">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="755F3D6098FC61F2DDD328204F2B6F2F" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.7619</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B04A2440FD6A3AAEC8049BF76F00CB23" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-137</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EBBCF13FE155BF8BB704CFD50A38214C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EBBCF13FE155BF8BB704CFD50A38214C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBBCF13FE155BF8BB704CFD50A38214C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
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<subSubSection id="95F06B895DDA70408DF8AB081568AC59" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="9727155A3CE62D50BF64A3186233EC27" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
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<pageBreakToken id="103B3A1C6F0F87B3EB7E50B10E1625C8" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0450284E3FFF39CC73852B5E737AC8B6" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A7613CB08789F9D2181A32869D30A2BC" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
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<taxonomicName id="45717AEA6AE72F5684C2BBF4FDD98FF1" ID-CoL="3YX4Z" authority="Cresson, 1864" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nortoni">Megarhyssa nortoni (Cresson, 1864)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 7, 8
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E0FC96313EB1602B0AAE8D259C87801" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7E95D4FE045A12802749C73AD1D76F63" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="30ACF4AE6CAE76B86FF0A8B15B4A8B1D" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nortoni">
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<pageBreakToken id="A56E45915A028C5EE9C702291D82C829" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" start="start">Megarhyssa</pageBreakToken>
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nortoni
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</taxonomicName>
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There are two subspecies:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F595D79A0E079A8E1B42487642988BD0" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="4364296B0FD58095EBFF2B6167831665" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="nortoni" subspecies="nortoni">Megarhyssa nortoni nortoni</taxonomicName>
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(Cresson).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B8DDEAB6004C715EF1EE1380C2BF367" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="73B89D3688B67FBCE4E54B7556C8F533" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nortoni">Rhyssa nortoni</taxonomicName>
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Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 317.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9AA5ACD562F576128B4C7411751C0000" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="BEA151F01F2913D2EAB2B9D5859F2701" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortonii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nortonii">Megarhyssa nortonii</taxonomicName>
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Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 481. Emendation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8D730DB61094459AAC1C76312B232FA" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="0D0330D904C1DD66D4033DFAEFFC6BDC" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="nortoni" subspecies="quebecensis">Megarhyssa nortoni quebecensis</taxonomicName>
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(Provancher).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BF36CF8F3912B0A138DAF777DB32A07D" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="439FDD60ACDEE31A9ED317E6C456F6A6" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Thalessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thalessa quebecensis" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quebecensis">Thalessa quebecensis</taxonomicName>
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Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 447.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C5888BBFDCDA42AEFE9A9177D197CC2" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="geographic range">
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<paragraph id="06C509528C23E76BEFC3EAEC15ADD6F4" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Geographic range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF0CD7962EAF52DF4B8E4A2E523F6FCC" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="94258640992ECE637FD0A1EAAC5DB95F" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="nortoni" subspecies="nortoni">Megarhyssa nortoni nortoni</taxonomicName>
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is distributed along the Pacific Coast from south-western Canada to California, and extends eastward to central Colorado.
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<taxonomicName id="6FB7BB89C1677B396FD1DD4CFA1C4441" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="nortoni" subspecies="quebecensis">Megarhyssa nortoni quebecensis</taxonomicName>
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is found in the north-eastern U.S. and adjacent parts of Canada. In the late 1960s and early 1970s this species was collected across the United States and Canada, encompassing the ranges of both subspecies, for introduction as a biocontrol agent in Australia (
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<bibRefCitation id="951C559F6B706A5A2098AF0E95332C4C" author="Taylor, KL" journalOrPublisher="Entomophaga" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="429 - 440" title="The introduction and establishment of insect parasitoids to control Sirexnoctilio in Australia." url="10.1007/BF02371642" volume="21" year="1976">Taylor 1976</bibRefCitation>
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) and New Zealand (
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<bibRefCitation id="EE9C8F864F6252E8060668E0D56A57AC" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Bartlett et al. 1978</bibRefCitation>
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). The populations established in Australia were then introduced to South Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="5096F809436F40A6153139F994C9624F" author="Tribe, GD" journalOrPublisher="African Entomology" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="9 - 17" title="The spread of Sirexnoctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in South African pine plantations and the introduction and establishment of its biological control agents." volume="12" year="2004">
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Tribe and
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<normalizedToken id="7200D547E1F7E7997D11E518F425A625" originalValue="Cillié">Cillie</normalizedToken>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E44A23FE44792E8A6D5F62D15A10E0D3" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="hosts">
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<paragraph id="F598A717C2BC0EED50E2713B53800492" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Hosts.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="502BE1C5B6BD57F2908BCEA4D4A75407" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="78784105FB3BAD17F96E8AB627C772D6" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Sirex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sirex noctilio" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noctilio">Sirex noctilio</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CFD05F31FC70CFC90CE88237CD581A6D" author="Carlson, RW" editor="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="315 - 741" title="Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico" year="1979">Carlson 1979</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="3006589FE8BE3AAA5B8EE595C1D7D026" author="Nuttall, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Forest and Timber Insects of New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 11" title="Insect parasites of Sirex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ibaliidae, and Orussidae)." volume="47" year="1980">Nuttall 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F46CEC2B8389CD6C481466F25123B87C" author="Valentine, EW" journalOrPublisher="D. S. I. R. Plant Protection" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" title="Annotated catalogue of New Zealand Hymenoptera" year="1991">Valentine and Walker 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4131AD98E21E7392DECAF2E93954D6" author="Vincent, JFV" journalOrPublisher="Biomimetics" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 201" title="The mechanism of drilling by wood wasp ovipositors." volume="3" year="1995">Vincent and King 1995</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="89A126F51F1BAA51BE39C7D890B5D7E8" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Sirex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sirex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sirex</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<bibRefCitation id="1A66A9774C7A89192AFAD4B778073A62" author="Carlson, RW" editor="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="315 - 741" title="Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico" year="1979">Carlson 1979</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="0F146EDE6E5FECE233B1D2434A2AD170" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Urocerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urocerus albicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albicornis">Urocerus albicornis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="B41425DF31B6BD494D34E6EE2D4F80A1" author="Champlain, AB" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" title="The curious mating habits of Megarhyssaatrata (Fab.). (Hymen.: Ichneumonoidea)." volume="32" year="1921">Champlain 1921</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5DCA46163CE73A3A78CA540CCFDB19FE" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 477" title="A Catalogue and Reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Part I. The subfamilies Ichneumoninae, Tryphoninae, Cryptinae, Phaeogeninae and Lissonotinae." volume="11" year="1944">Townes 1944</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="73100870257080813A92072FF3E7C10B" genus="Xeris" lsidName="Xeris morrisoni" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" rank="species" species="morrisoni">Xeris morrisoni</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="0444F8540B2DFE4E460D6588F9711788" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 477" title="A Catalogue and Reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Part I. The subfamilies Ichneumoninae, Tryphoninae, Cryptinae, Phaeogeninae and Lissonotinae." volume="11" year="1944">Townes 1944</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D38A2E7A33AE292D1406861F6385674C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E80706DF6BF452E0D1600772C39192F8" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D84828F3899ACEF320663D9C5C60F5C7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
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Female. Head black to blackish brown and yellow; mesosoma black or blackish brown, with yellow spots; metasoma brown and usually a little paler than me
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<pageBreakToken id="E1DD6AD08CB115A123BE5456474A466E" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" start="start">sosoma</pageBreakToken>
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. Subtriangular median subapical spot on first and second tergites, large round yellow spot on side of tergites 3-5, and vertical yellow blotch on side of sixth and seventh tergites. Fore wing 13 to 29 mm long. Ovipositor sheath about 2.7 times as long as fore wing.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="266631FEB28B3112E5C2EC0DCBDE6C54" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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Females can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="7C6DBE2205943FD37A256B73432A5C82" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa atrata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">Megarhyssa atrata</taxonomicName>
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by the body color; and from
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<taxonomicName id="83EA6FA2897C3CD06E975977D7057531" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa macrurus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrurus">Megarhyssa macrurus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C3BC6A0D32F9AF00FAE699D2A2C20200" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa greenei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenei">Megarhyssa greenei</taxonomicName>
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by the yellow spots on the tergites.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="04247E933DA4C3626D5D5513B91F245F" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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It should be noted that
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<bibRefCitation id="3C556DA988000CBDF80DC4EE08643B5E" author="Carlson, RW" editor="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="10" pageNumber="147" pagination="315 - 741" title="Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico" year="1979">Carlson (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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did not separate
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<taxonomicName id="B02C5D56FA36FB1690853CF00AD872A8" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="nortoni" subspecies="nortoni">Megarhyssa nortoni nortoni</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="0161AFE73D77535A70B433F8CA410925" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="nortoni" subspecies="quebecensis">Megarhyssa nortoni quebecensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="38AE7C1CEA3C1D70BCABFEEF6871D9B9" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Male. Head black to blackish brown and yellow; mesosoma black to blackish brown, with yellow spots; metasoma brown, the tergites usually darker medially; the first two tergites with a median subapical yellow spot. Fore wing 9.5 to 20 mm long.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F7EA53CFA0BB37510B6AE377DAD99611" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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Males can be distinguished from
|
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<taxonomicName id="313B056913026051FB0E084623D0874D" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa macrurus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrurus">Megarhyssa macrurus</taxonomicName>
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by the lack of a brown patch at the base of cell 2R1 of the fore wing and from
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<taxonomicName id="9BDC9771542C5BCC9F8B7B9A4FF07613" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa atrata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">Megarhyssa atrata</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F6650D2F2BC4B1442CFD8D102D9682DB" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa greenei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenei">Megarhyssa greenei</taxonomicName>
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|
by the single vertical black band on the face and the color of the mesopleuron.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="68382C66E0698A883481BA95778C87BD" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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<paragraph id="5591BCEA9AE954B8ADF80ACD8F72F684" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName id="0C6EAC7BDA2B55CB5F55847F56CC0BC8" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nortoni">Megarhyssa nortoni</taxonomicName>
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female. A. Anterior head; B. Lateral head and mesosoma; C. Wings; D. Lateral habitus; E. Lateral metasoma.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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|
<caption id="22D8B680E6D73FEC7A7D9C205462CCFC" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
|
|
<paragraph id="7F9BC04E1279D17837AF1D4A9158392B" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
|
|
Figure 8.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="36458CB709D64FEACE94E31A80EB28AE" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megarhyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megarhyssa nortoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nortoni">Megarhyssa nortoni</taxonomicName>
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|
male. A. Anterior head; B. Lateral head and mesosoma; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Lateral habitus; E. Wings.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |