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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21748" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.51442" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e3fec60-c933-495d-8adb-558affd04397" ID-PMC="PMC7289899" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-938-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="82AC29959C6A590D824C7620E5F4D186" ID-PubMed="32550788" ID-ZooBank="D1911CDD085743419D6AE63BF7E62693" ModsDocID="1313-2970-938-125" checkinTime="1591376729130" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri, Cardoso, Pedro &amp; Bertani, Rogerio" docDate="2020" docId="DA630454A13A50218938AD691EECDCED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 938: 125-136" docOrigin="ZooKeys 938" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.51442" docTitle="Typhochlaena curumim Bertani 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="82AC29959C6A590D824C7620E5F4D186" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="82AC29959C6A590D824C7620E5F4D186" masterDocTitle="Description of the male of the Critically Endangered tarantula Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with comments on tarantula trade and conservation" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1732870412917" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="AC015CCD9953EB4F8148478645BB63E0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="3EE624786B45756EFBC61F456ECF3E34">Description of the male of the Critically Endangered tarantula Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with comments on tarantula trade and conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A3EA868A2A8AD6AB5F6381DD93F6571B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="07181F0BEBCC7350CE7606D357BE8426">Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="85FFD658BC4AAE289B0DB7F47F9EA55B">Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E6E84F8D5356DE29F564E28691B47A87" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-0173</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D536AED7EF809D1096774F032F3181B" type="email">caroline.fukushima@helsinki.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3F6A45085DE73C3BC50E5EE7A0AC40FF">Cardoso, Pedro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0A298736D91E1A0E9FD6FBC17B2A1E55">Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="91827A3A5A5FF400432DB77909201A7A" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-9960</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="87F8E22523B3039C7EFE4EDA43D372BD">Bertani, Rogerio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BCEB14A0B3AB60CF74A9C21A02322BD5">Laboratorio de Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500 CEP 05503 - 900, Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B8CC6D68286973E601956CDB84FC5B15">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E6E2B9EEB7E2DDD86B5EEE56F3E57D3C">938</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DCE8500C55EF542F1997019590407A36" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.51442</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DA630454A13A50218938AD691EECDCED" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164479794" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA630454A13A50218938AD691EECDCED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA630454A13A50218938AD691EECDCED" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" scope_family="Theraphosidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="8C8BD85A6278CE0C9CDBDF2B103E444F" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B053635EC28CBC690CE8C7EC5DB4FDE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName id="13353CB0CF8F58387A300A94E4060611" ID-CoL="59XXQ" LSID="DA630454-A13A-5021-8938-AD691EECDCED" authority="Bertani, 2012" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="BD3BAE2E6547EC8B05E9827788BA9AB2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo: Rogerio Bertani." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D8E0AB018F532FB60B91E900B8773888" captionStart="Figures 2–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 5. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 2 carapace, dorsal 3 abdomen, dorsal 4 maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae 5 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 2-5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AEA34EAC93D789771CBDD2E5621C8145" captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 6-11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8C93ACF17B239D61F39E65FA6DA9743C" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 12. Approximate distribution of Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012. A large spatial error has been introduced to avoid revealing exact localities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418242" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E763446BADBA5B150A91641795C1A8D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0A81357994A00A012E99C25671897098" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E337F3C16EF3827E0DD6B97D0D660B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Males of
<taxonomicName id="83A03F3081E96FEE98A56526FA028B59" lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="C1191E1802AAB48060262CB42D4513D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="9FB423A52A537D43AB829EC5D57EC0A6" lsidName="T. seladonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="seladonia">
<emphasis id="9E1E90DE1B220104BA49D514C61C2049" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. seladonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a long embolus, two or more times the tegulum length. Males of
<taxonomicName id="FE4115D43BB65E868C16A5A74B4E8D8D" lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="FAC11B42D154D3ADF510B92D45082D91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from males of
<taxonomicName id="C4A0BA7C697D4B90425C76FED0AFA08F" lsidName="T. seladonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="seladonia">
<emphasis id="3F69E0EE195D2C80D8B8543ABF0FAAA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. seladonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of shorter and broader embolus (≤ 2.5
<normalizedToken id="281CBE190B50F495ADEF1CEE4A4ED326" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of tegulum in
<taxonomicName id="1DB769E4D525E4C04BD4C66FC9077E18" lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="2F6145C582E02CAA8BEECC59DE264F7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus&gt; 3.5
<normalizedToken id="D28661AA80742038297DD12B50F7B6B1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
in
<taxonomicName id="51D933AA5AADF82316FF2D07EEF335C9" lsidName="T. seladonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="seladonia">
<emphasis id="876DD1754A2A2163420A3D379AFDB424" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. seladonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 0.24 mm basal embolus width in
<taxonomicName id="D39E339B59FA7F90C3D6B9260A51E0B2" lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="F16A440D465FA7D08E4543C3A3CB90AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus 0.1 mm in
<taxonomicName id="C1BCB77C7D4557CFA9465F797349689B" lsidName="T. seladonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="seladonia">
<emphasis id="CCE35B8C34A369E1DBF74AE2F0162630" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. seladonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). They also differ by the brownish carapace and legs and abdomen dorsum with a black longitudinal stripe and lateral spots (Figs
<figureCitation id="4CAECA72E045F43A8BCF1920017D50DE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo: Rogerio Bertani." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5DE1B5E6FC8330B81FACCCE7E2541842" captionStart="Figures 2–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 5. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 2 carapace, dorsal 3 abdomen, dorsal 4 maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae 5 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</figureCitation>
). Apart from the long embolus (Figs
<figureCitation id="65E114DB174D07861AD099DE5328ECB5" captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6-10</figureCitation>
), males of
<taxonomicName id="6985DF55A7E6250E360C1F615182C2EF" lsidName="T. curumim" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="F8213C58C7F6FA599D3123CDCF408683" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from males of
<taxonomicName id="29A05D71DFA7B40591BB08936C56E8B5" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena costae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costae">
<emphasis id="838D093A66424A482AC429B47752FA85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena costae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BD50063B9052531F80EA0A6238A0F590" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena amma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amma">
<emphasis id="DA6819CDFC567D98575211849FAB9B3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena amma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the characteristic abdominal color pattern (Figs
<figureCitation id="B0EC5FA368CE3BD79DE57DB666EB57C3" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo: Rogerio Bertani." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F09653F31382E892C1EC76EAEC4A99FB" captionStart="Figures 2–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 5. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 2 carapace, dorsal 3 abdomen, dorsal 4 maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae 5 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</figureCitation>
). Additionally, they differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="B696FBAA48FEF817E6B352F63AFC009B" lsidName="T. costae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="costae">
<emphasis id="E80862D714256E7DAAB8BCBE3696FF46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">T. costae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of long, curled, yellow setae over the carapace. For females, see the diagnosis by
<bibRefCitation id="A122A872FC4D2AE5A8A7857F8775788A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" author="Bertani, R" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B1" refString="Bertani, R, 2012. Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ZooKeys 230: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" title="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" volume="230" year="2012">Bertani (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="78906F0C52299A2B838BEB5E630EA1CB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="99E1C65E92338070F3BD0A9666C33DA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="6D0319853FF19EC12A3C97E0E563BFE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BF30817FE09E611F561B6BBEC6A9B99" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="066DE50775D3ECCFA864EA91805E4AAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo:
<normalizedToken id="E0CD0F04A4245582DDF18B8716C62962" originalValue="Rogério">Rogerio</normalizedToken>
Bertani.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B23C3FCEFC6E2141D5A36CF281302269" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D28B85876C7651B98DA485CCC7A66CF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B26AE40F62D62D2C3A72EA53EFE8DEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Norte, locality data redacted: 1 male, S. N. Migliore leg., 19 April 2014, 19h58, over a bush leaf in a trail, ref. S90 (MNRJ 6915); 1 male, S. N. Migliore leg., 20 April 2014, 20h15, walking over a branch in a tree, ca 2 m high, ref. S102 (MZUSP 75781); locality data redacted: 2 males, W. Pessoa leg., 21-22 September 2014, walking over trees, &lt;2 m high, (MZUSP 75782); state of
<normalizedToken id="85DBDEE802FD30BE647175C57FB0ED27" originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
, locality data redacted: 1 male, L. S. Carvalho leg., 26-28 July 2013 (UFMG 15101), examined by photography.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0C0B09F1376DB38DBBAD45C21023F3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph id="8CABA35C48E08D5E655679699E6DD376" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B22ECA1B83DF42389A321EA255DA47C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="555853B5F3EA577EE5FB6EFBED3B4EB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Male. MNRJ 6915.</emphasis>
Total length (without chelicera): 9.88.
<emphasis id="658BC646798A0314A508DDD86D603D2F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Carapace</emphasis>
: 5.18 long, 5.32 wide, 0.98
<normalizedToken id="6A0CD24D78C10859CA0AC02887C32532" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; cephalic region not raised, thoracic striae inconspicuous.
<emphasis id="E343600DBCC13FD2A11307B532624D0D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Chelicera</emphasis>
: 1.21 long.
<emphasis id="B74574E25C34C69D41EA70B1172136CD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Abdomen</emphasis>
: 4.44 long, 3.74 wide.
<emphasis id="9C2A79778A5EE89F22698F53FFDC595C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Spinnerets</emphasis>
: PMS, 0.70 long, 0.25 wide, 0.25 apart; PLS, 0.67 basal, 0.46 middle, 0.38 distal; midwidths 0.52, 0.47, 0.30, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44A6C033E3650248FCC2E9800912A467" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="27656268D85353DE6F3F68FB083746C1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Fovea</emphasis>
: slightly procurved, shallow, 0.66 wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41BCCC533C464084789203EFBC49BFBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="88EA1D547D3219D7BA0472DF778FEF72" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Eyes</emphasis>
: eye tubercle 0.88 high, 0.81 long, 1.48 wide. Clypeus absent. Anterior row of eyes procurve. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurve. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.35, PME 0.23, PLE 0.28, AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.19, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-ALE 0.20, ALE-PME 0.29, PME-PME 0.83, PME-PLE 0.05, PLE-PLE 1.11, ALE-PLE 0.2, AME-PLE 0.26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="447953EA5598DAA8A4CF92B34F2924D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="6E200D0B57626D1214E26E16B51CFEBF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Maxilla</emphasis>
: 2.29 longer than wide. Cuspules: 28 spread over ventral inner heel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B60474D33B0B5CA9AEB4FF4ECC96F5C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="9776E02623821AB1EE25C9F5441EB940" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Labium</emphasis>
: 0.60 long, 1.04 wide, with 50 cuspules spaced by one diameter of each other on the anterior half. Labio-sternal groove shallow and flattened, with two slightly separate, large sigilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E2CFEA6239BCA536A37C8D1F3330C76" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="11942F94177D46AC2E908A6327DEF33C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Chelicera</emphasis>
: rastellum absent, basal segment with seven teeth and some small teeth on promargin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C80F3FCBB2524C8F730AD6DC4F38D7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="8093A8F426863E1AD165E5D292059329" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Sternum</emphasis>
: 2.45 long, 2.40 wide. Sigilla: three pairs, posterior and median rounded, less than one diameter from margin; anterior not visible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EF12B4384E0ED97CE7C13CB96E26038F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figures 2–5" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="42CB56316652EC70D0B4F29ED5AC6F44" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="C2E48D713BFDF63D58E8AEA0454CFBC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figures 2-5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D459CC588F070B490E6398C194C4FDE6" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="B63B18C6007A82D623EEB367831CDB1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (MNRJ 6915)
<emphasis id="FDD46326F1ED7132AA0945FA9F25B651" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2</emphasis>
carapace, dorsal
<emphasis id="BC62AD0A025F9D764D22DF1DF8AF2A66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</emphasis>
abdomen, dorsal
<emphasis id="2E9EEB2B2ACD6A3694F65078DB9EB35A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4</emphasis>
maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae
<emphasis id="B9922074278810C5C3EE54CF7CAFA63D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5</emphasis>
spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="058B11126CA8A9E3B82F8222AB864E6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="64C727E5599F6583B3FD71A44487B7B3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Legs</emphasis>
(femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 6.79, 3.22, 5.48, 4.43, 2.55, 22.47. II: 6.31, 3.02, 4.74, 4.54, 2.32, 20.93. III: 5.26, 2.55, 4.23, 3.80, 2.22, 18.06. IV: 6.62, 2.64, 4.80, 5.14, 1.97, 21.22. Palp: 3.24, 1.80, 2.97, -, 1.09, 9.10. Midwidths: femora I-IV = 1.27, 1.18, 1.16, 1.02, palp = 0.82; patellae I-IV = 1.20, 0.98, 1.00, 1.05, palp = 0.84; tibiae I-IV = 0.75, 0.90, 0.84, 0.72, palp = 0.83; metatarsi I-IV = 0.63, 0.71, 0.77, 0.54; tarsi I-IV = 0.91, 0.73, 0.73, 0.54, palp = 1.05. Formula: I IV II III. Length leg IV to leg I: 0.94. Clavate trichobothria: two rows on distal 1/2 of tarsi I-IV. Scopula: Tarsi I-IV fully scopulate, IV divided by a wide band of setae. Metatarsi I-II on distal 2/3; III on distal 1/3; IV on distal 1/4. IV divided by setae. Scopula hairs longest at lateral areas of tarsi and metatarsi, giving spatulate aspect to articles. Spines absent on all legs and palps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="397904BC918C21951337F46484910453" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="374D225B204F6238026E04C87862F37C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Urticating setae</emphasis>
: type II (0.56-0.59 long) on the abdomen dorsum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="851FA24FF2326DEDF927F66C9EE3418D" captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE93F2D931514E5CB7D8C690850A5FD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="6309FA071887273AA9CA1BF8A0F97DA8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Palp</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="B4B3AF9499FEEFDB6E907320A25418E4" captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6-10</figureCitation>
): globous bulb with small subtegulum and slightly developed prominence on tegulum. Embolus: not flattened, lacking keels, 1.62 long in retrolateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EDC024BF1881AE1D08FD9D2B9914AFE5" captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6</figureCitation>
), about 2.5
<normalizedToken id="8627310116DBA1F18C64CFADA4EA95D1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of tegulum. Proximal part not curved in frontal view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CE86FA26C168FACB2FB70DD52CADDA7F" captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">9</figureCitation>
); thin distal width, tapering distally; basal, middle and distal width 0.24, 0.08, 0.01, respectively. Tegulum: 0.71 long, 0.4 high in retrolateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5503E6A02A7693B46A8B22B6E142D60A" captionStart="Figures 6–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 11. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 6 - 10 palpal bulb, left side 6 retrolateral 7 prolateral 8 dorsal 9 frontal 10 left palp, prolateral 11 urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (6 - 10); 0.1 mm (11)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6</figureCitation>
). Cymbium with two subequal lobes, lacking process on retrolateral lobe.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0B666670438E50F7E7280FFFF02017EB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures6-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418241" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figures 6–11" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="59911D5086B6BC4B2EE34BCC6D04AF4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="3A4270A268E1A9CBAE94C0877D136330" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figures 6-11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D6F3AC79DDCE0ABAA2B0EEE42DF315E9" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="4B1DAC7C3EAC0FE562E23810F05D3D28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (MNRJ 6915)
<emphasis id="947208975775BF788B9CBB0575993927" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6-10</emphasis>
palpal bulb, left side
<emphasis id="D56D5CFB4B0F01B23987F4B47BC03BD0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6</emphasis>
retrolateral
<emphasis id="B9EE85F5DCDB144BC199A464FF0EC98D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">7</emphasis>
prolateral
<emphasis id="4A105794C80B585332FEB7DB6471FB95" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">8</emphasis>
dorsal
<emphasis id="5FC9E3A8BC79365D877953F978917D12" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">9</emphasis>
frontal
<emphasis id="1C4AD50DAA864B6D3EF669C87333EAB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">10</emphasis>
left palp, prolateral
<emphasis id="5FA39536C756EB82588D228B87364D24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">11</emphasis>
urticating setae type II. Scale bars: 1 mm (
<emphasis id="664CC087E78F0DBA2C231E7615DBDE29" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">6-10</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis id="C96AAE51AA19901C15378611EB768719" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">11</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1FE3D97EEF6CA37DB47D3A64E2C74CBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="67ACC74645761A11CB580477EB852BA9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Tibial apophysis</emphasis>
: absent. Metatarsus I straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35371A344A190C2DB14DA7674460610C" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="C4FD5708C80DDD66B08C3EF603327B34" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Color pattern</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="946BD6ED3E2E9AB08FB3FF21E8C896DF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012 habitus, male from southern Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Photo: Rogerio Bertani." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418239" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">1</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation id="BDC8C406494C83649CA3DA3B838FC9E4" captionStart="Figures 2–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 5. Typhochlaena curumim male (MNRJ 6915) 2 carapace, dorsal 3 abdomen, dorsal 4 maxillae, labium, sternum, and coxae 5 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figures2-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418240" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5</figureCitation>
): carapace and chelicerae dark brown with pale yellow long hairs on the margin of the carapace. Legs and palps dark brown, except for brown femora. Cephalic region, legs, palps, and chelicerae covered with long and abundant chestnut-brown setae. Coxae brown. Labium, sternum, and maxilla dark brown. Longitudinal stripes on femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi inconspicuous. Distal femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi rings whitish. Abdomen metallic reddish orange, dorsally with central longitudinal black stripe and three dark spots on each lateral.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D91D7CA57EB8E444C27C69823CF49651" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="39030DB0047FD6433447A4967110A152" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="32B35B25675E24A1390E3ED985EA53A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
In Brazil in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and
<normalizedToken id="C1A8797A7E1273FEF7E1C3A59DD8FE67" originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
(new records), and
<normalizedToken id="4BBE0F2DA3333EA2B9FBC31322AC203E" originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="38834E9E8A39364BC850872226BC483F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" author="Bertani, R" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B1" refString="Bertani, R, 2012. Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ZooKeys 230: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" title="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" volume="230" year="2012">Bertani 2012</bibRefCitation>
), in remnants of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BFE966DE97A4336FDB87941C7ADDE602" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 12. Approximate distribution of Typhochlaena curumim Bertani, 2012. A large spatial error has been introduced to avoid revealing exact localities." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418242" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="11ED6A0465285CE76F84B8B8B551A20D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.938.51442.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418242" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 12" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="B965F8BDD4648CD606C480C5FBD0C295" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="4EBA6F0A74CC7487264ED83F8960A5E5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Approximate distribution of
<taxonomicName id="DC78EC23953B5B5FAF40131296506A05" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Typhochlaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhochlaena curumim" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curumim">
<emphasis id="D57EDC1EABDB48183CC77055899683A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Typhochlaena curumim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bertani, 2012. A large spatial error has been introduced to avoid revealing exact localities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05C89A0501268BF0EA2A17AF04300CC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="color pattern ontogeny">
<paragraph id="55694112AACD77B7745B141A12A6EE6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DC3ED1E649215D8654761199E6A7AE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">There are no drastic ontogenetic changes of color pattern. Males have reduced lateral black stripes when compared to females and immatures.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="40008005AA6AF86DED0AC1768C6F3A0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="18E1B3B85EF538C52271BD0B4DA8DEEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Natural History.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADF1277B5C5146A4894F5E63B63E11E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Males from a more northerly site in Rio Grande do Norte (approximately at 6.02°S, 35.2°W) were resting on a leaf in a bush near a trail during the night, or high in a tree, walking on branches during the day. Males from a southern site in Rio Grande do Norte (approximately at 6.46°S, 35.0°W) were also found to be active at night in trees; one individual was seen at breast height and another at less than 2 m above the ground.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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