238 lines
30 KiB
XML
238 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="3E304D3987AE9515E860BDFC0DF2D0A7" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFE06A5FFF7C97B5141EBF8B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="785" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="785" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="FDB11B1188FA3577DB569C02AEDC3CB4">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="44A826B83C27471C1F01BF8E40720A6A">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E913FA688C3F3AD95E1ABBC675F4A066">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="9BDEFF809059D811308C8319D745783C">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="48409313D903C249A7680F4DF17EA821" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="CB1DAEEF7CF971DED676DE3B56A3D861">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="288FEF72EEB0C765FEF07670CA9E973D">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7DE0FCE465F8025D54B386321D2D4CF2">
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<mods:title id="2D630B2ECA132F92D2668EC563C27DB8">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="70E81A8921EA0D3D31F1165AD1802633">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFE06A5FFF7C97B5141EBF8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403418" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403418" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFE06A5FFF7C97B5141EBF8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFE06A5FFF7C97B5141EBF8B" lastPageNumber="785" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF7C97B51EB9B928" box="[128,185,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF7C97B51EB9B928" blockId="27.[126,1151,492,618]" box="[128,185,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<heading id="9F638192FFE06A5FFF7C97B51EB9B928" box="[128,185,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFE06A5FFF7C97B51EB9B928" box="[128,185,492,538]" captionStart="Plate 57: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="27.[123,155,3200,3221]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="49. Eurasian Particolored Bat (Vespertilio murinus), 50. Asian Particolored Bat (Vespertilio sinensis), 51. Pygmy Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pygmaea), 52. Indomalayan Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris fulvida), 53. Sunda Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pachypus), 54. Tonkin Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris tonkinensis), 55. Malayan Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris malayana), 56. Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris robustula), 57. Yok Don Helmeted Bat (Cassistrellus yokdonensis), 58. Surat Helmeted Bat (Cassustrellus dimissus), 59. Rohu’s Bat (Phuletor brachypterus), 60. Western False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus mackenziei), 61. Eastern False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis), 62. Yellow-lipped Cave Bat (Vespadelus douglasorum), 63. Northern Cave Bat (Vespadelus caurinus), 64. Finlayson’s Cave Bat (Vespadelus finlaysoni), 65. Eastern Cave Bat (Vespadelus troughtoni), 66. Inland Forest Bat (Vespadelus baverstocki), 67. Eastern Forest Bat (Vespadelus pumilus), 68. Little Forest Bat (Vespadelus vulturnus), 69. Large Forest Bat (Vespadelus darlingtoni), 70. Southern Forest Bat (Vespadelus regulus), 71. Large-eared Pied Bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri), 72. Little Pied Bat (Chalinolobus picatus), 73. Hoary Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus nigrogriseus), 74. Gould’s Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus gouldii), 75. New Caledonian Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus neocaledonicus), 76. Chocolate Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus morio), 77. New Zealand Long-tailed Bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398506/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">49.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF3697B51CE3B928" box="[202,739,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF3697B51CE3B928" blockId="27.[126,1151,492,618]" box="[202,739,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<heading id="9F638192FFE06A5FFF3697B51CE3B928" box="[202,739,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFE06A5FFF3697B51CE3B928" ID-CoL="7FQRQ" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[202,739,492,538]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">Eurasian Particolored Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFCD597B51A7EB928" box="[809,1150,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFCD597B51A7EB928" blockId="27.[126,1151,492,618]" box="[809,1150,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<heading id="9F638192FFE06A5FFCD597B51A7EB928" box="[809,1150,492,538]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFCD597B51A7EB928" ID-CoL="7FQRQ" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[809,1150,492,538]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFCD597B51A7EB928" box="[809,1150,492,538]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Vespertilio murinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF7C94751C1EB95A" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF7C94751A0DB973" blockId="27.[126,1151,492,618]" box="[128,1037,556,577]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<heading id="9F638192FFE06A5FFF7C94751A0DB973" box="[128,1037,556,577]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFF7C94751ECCB973" bold="true" box="[128,204,556,577]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFE06A5FFF2E94751F9BB973" ID-CoL="7FQRQ" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[210,411,556,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">Vespertilion bicolore</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFE4D94751C0CB973" bold="true" box="[433,524,556,577]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFE06A5FFDE894751CDBB973" ID-CoL="7FQRQ" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[532,731,556,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">Zweifarbfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFD0C94751D4CB973" bold="true" box="[752,844,556,577]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFE06A5FFCAA94751A0DB973" ID-CoL="7FQRQ" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[854,1037,556,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFE06A5FFCAA94751DC4B973" ID-CoL="7FQRQ" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[854,964,556,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">Murciélago</vernacularName>
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bicolor
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF83940A1C1EB95A" blockId="27.[126,1151,492,618]" box="[127,542,595,616]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<heading id="9F638192FFE06A5FFF83940A1C1EB95A" box="[127,542,595,616]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFF83940A1F76B95A" bold="true" box="[127,374,595,616]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFE06A5FFE7D940A1C1EB95A" ID-CoL="7FQRQ" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[385,542,595,616]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">Particolored Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFD1994CF1D2EB9ED" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFD1994CF1D2EB9ED" blockId="27.[741,1332,662,1089]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFD1994CF1D80B985" bold="true" box="[741,896,662,695]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFC6694CF1D2AB9ED" ID-CoL="7FQRQ" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFCC594E71D57B81F" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFCC594E71D57B81F" blockId="27.[741,1332,662,1089]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFE06A5FFCC594E71D57B81F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319381" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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“Europa.” Restricted by H. J. Baagge in 2001 to probably near
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFE06A5FFBB194BC1AC0B834" box="[1101,1216,741,774]" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Uppsala</collectingRegion>
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, central
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FFD1995551D53B81F" box="[741,851,780,813]" name="Sweden" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFD19956D1A6CBF5A" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFD19956D1A6CBF5A" blockId="27.[741,1332,662,1089]" lastBlockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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The placement of Vespertilioamongst other members of the
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFC3095021AB2B84E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[972,1202,859,892]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="801" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vespertilioninae">Vespertilioninae</taxonomicName>
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is uncertain with some genetic studies reporting the genus sister to what is recognized as Pipistrellini here and other reporting the genus sister to the rest of whatis
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFB5395A01D38BF73" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="993" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Vespertilionini">Vespertilionini</taxonomicName>
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here. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic position of the genus. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF82922A1AABBE1C" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="distribution">
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||
<caption id="90EB6676FFE06A5FFF82922A1AABBE1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397874/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" targetBox="[125,717,675,1090]" targetPageId="27">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF82922A1C0FBFA2" blockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" box="[126,527,1139,1168]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFF82922A1C0FBFA2" bold="true" box="[126,527,1139,1168]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF7E92C61DBDBFED" blockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFF7E92C61DBDBFED" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="murinus" subSpecies="murinus">V.m.murinusLinnaeus,1758—muchofEuropeandWAsiatoMongoliaandNWChina(XinjiangandGansu);alsoonerecordinSEArabia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF7E92B31AABBE1C" blockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFF7E92B31C0EBE35" authority="Wallin, 1969" authorityName="Wallin" authorityYear="1969" box="[130,526,1258,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="murinus" subSpecies="ussuriensis">V. m. ussuriensis Wallin, 1969</taxonomicName>
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— E Siberia, Russian Far East, NE
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FFC0A92B31A4BBE35" box="[1014,1099,1258,1287]" name="China" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFE06A5FFB9E92B31B22BE35" box="[1122,1314,1258,1287]" country="China" name="Heilongjiang" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Heilongjiang</collectingRegion>
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), NE
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FFF4F93481F67BE1C" box="[179,359,1297,1326]" name="North Korea" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">North Korea</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FFE4C93481C05BE1C" box="[432,517,1297,1326]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFE06A5FFDE793481CAABE1C" box="[539,682,1297,1326]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
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, Rebun, N Honshu, and Hegura Is).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF8193611DE2BC4F" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF8193611DE2BC4F" blockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFF8193611F76BE67" bold="true" box="[125,374,1336,1365]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 48-64 mm, tail 37-44-5 mm, ear 14-15-6 mm, hindfoot 8:
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFFE06A5FFF72933D1F1DBE4F" box="[142,285,1380,1405]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4—10 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 40-8-50-3 mm; weight 10-24 g. The Eurasian Particolored Batis characterized by a striking contrast between dorsal and ventral coloration; long fur is dark, always frosted with silver on dorsum and distinctly whitish, sometimes shadowed with yellowish or cream, on venter. Coloration is similar to that of Savi’s Pipistrelle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFF7593A01F47BD28" baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[137,327,1529,1562]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savii">Hypsugo savii</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but the present species is much bulkier. Tragus is wide and short, resembling that of noctules (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFDFB90781CC1BD70" box="[519,705,1569,1602]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Nyctalus spp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This species has narrow wings (wingspan 270-310 mm) adapted to fast flight and foraging in semi-open spaces and clearings. Patagium is clearly dark or black and attached to the base of the toes. Unlike other sympatric species, females always have four nipples. Where visible, skin is dark. Compared to similar species, penisis thin, black, and long (7-8 mm). Ears are short and rounded. Dental formula for both species of Vespertiliois 12/3, C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Skull is short and broad, with condylo-basal length 14-2-15-5 mm, maxillary tooth row 5-6-1 mm, zygomatic width 9-5-10-2 mm, and interorbital width 3-8-4-7 mm. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 50.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF8191D11F58B370" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF8191D11F58B370" blockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFF8191D11EECBC97" bold="true" box="[125,236,1928,1957]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Semi-desert habitats, urban areas, agricultural lands, shrublands, and riparian habitats. Most foraging takes place in meadows and open agricultural areas, also above forests, or over water. In the southern part ofits distribution, the Eurasian Particolored Bat is mainly found in medium-high to high mountains. It has been recorded from sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFE06A5FFF179E781F53B370" box="[235,339,2081,2114]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF819E101AD0B265" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF819E101AD0B265" blockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFF819E101F80B358" bold="true" box="[125,384,2121,2154]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Eurasian Particolored Bat feeds on midges, moths, and beetles usually 10-40 m aboveground or the vegetation surface, or around streetlamps, and usually in fast, agile flight.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFDFF9EC11C6FB38B" box="[515,623,2200,2233]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, aphids, and moths represent the most common items in its diet (60-80%), but other flying insects such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFC2E9EE61A70B3D2" authority=", Trichoptera, Nematocera" authorityName="Trichoptera, Nematocera" box="[978,1136,2239,2272]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFB7F9EE61F2BB23A" authority=", Trichoptera, Nematocera" authorityName="Trichoptera, Nematocera" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Trichoptera, Nematocera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFEC79EBE1FD5B23A" box="[315,469,2279,2312]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFDDA9EBE1CCAB23A" box="[550,714,2279,2312]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also been reported as occasional food items. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FFF039F571FA3B21D" box="[255,419,2318,2351]" name="Switzerland" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, males have been reported to hunt over water (mostly lakes) and human settlements while females hunt over open agricultural land and forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF809F041A37B1D3" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF809F041A37B1D3" blockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFF809F041F03B24C" bold="true" box="[124,259,2397,2430]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In the north of its range, the species breeds in colonies of up to 50 individuals (exceptionally a few hundred), from May to August. Maternity colonies are usually found in buildings (including cellars, barns or roofs), and sometimes in hollow trees, rock crevices and bat boxes, in western and Central Europe. During this period, males can roost either individually or in large colonies of up to 300 individuals, sometimes far from the maternity colony. This species gives birth from end of May to July, usually with a couple of offspring per year (there are reports of three young per female). During autumn, the mating period, males are highly active and display using very obviousterritorial social calls while flying above the canopy or in sites surrounded by woodlands. Greatest recorded longevity for this speciesis 14-5 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFF869CBE1645BA67" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFF869CBE1645BA67" blockId="27.[122,1332,1095,3101]" lastBlockId="27.[1401,2610,273,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFF869CBE1F62B03A" bold="true" box="[122,354,2791,2824]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Eurasian Particolored Bat is usually detected foraging late in the evening, with a straight,fast flight at high altitudes. In winter,it has been reported roosting in rock crevices, buildings, tree holes, and cellars. Foraging area has been calculated to be ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFE06A5FFED29D3B1F85B04D" box="[302,389,2914,2943]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" unit="km" value="80.0">80 km</quantity>
|
||
? for males, and c.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFE06A5FFD7C9D3B1CD7B04D" box="[640,727,2914,2943]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
? for females, usually reflecting distances of 2-20 km from the main roost. This species uses QCF calls with a frequency of maximum energy of 22-27 kHz. Pulses generally have a first FM component followed by a CF cue containing the peak frequency; this makes them difficult to identify, as echolocation strongly resembles that of Leisler’s Noctule (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFD199DA51DAEB72F" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[741,942,3068,3101]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leisleri">Nyctalus leisleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Eurasian Serotine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFE06A5FFAFA9DA51847BA1C" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1286,1607,273,3101]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serotinus">Eptesicus serotinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the Northern Serotine (FE. nilssonit). However, territorial calls are very distinctive, especially during the mating season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFA87970518DDB9A2" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFA87970518DDB9A2" blockId="27.[1401,2610,273,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFA879705164DBA4F" bold="true" box="[1403,2125,348,381]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Even though the Eurasian Particolored Bat is mostly sedentary, it is one of the few species that are known to migrate facultatively over long distances in Europe, with recorded movements up to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFE06A5FF64497F3142FBAF9" box="[2488,2607,426,459]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" unit="km" value="1780.0">1780 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FFA32978B1824BAC1" box="[1486,1572,466,499]" name="Russia" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FF9A0978B18BEBAC1" box="[1628,1726,466,499]" name="France" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Large nursery and male colonies are only reported for the south-western populations (e.g.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FF8BB97A019EAB928" box="[1863,2026,505,538]" name="Switzerland" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bavaria, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FF74B97A01722B928" box="[2231,2338,505,538]" name="Austria" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
). However, further south only males have been found so far. Hibernating bats are reported in buildings, cliffs, and castle ruins, but rarely in caves or mines. In winter, the species has been reported in small groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFA8794CE17AFB896" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFA8794CE17AFB896" blockId="27.[1401,2610,273,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFA8794CE18DBB98A" bold="true" box="[1403,1755,663,696]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Eurasian Particolored Bat is a widespread species across Europe with an apparently large population. Although it seems not to be one of the most abundant species, it has a wide geographical distribution, and seems to be expanding in countries such as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FF61195541BC4B867" name="Denmark" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFE06A5FFA08956D18A4B867" box="[1524,1700,820,853]" name="Netherlands" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Although no major threats are officially recognized forthis species, loss of habitat and roosts, as well as roost disturbance and mortality in wind farms (due to its high-altitude flight), might have major effects on its conservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFE06A5FFA8795EA141EBF8B" pageId="27" pageNumber="785" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFE06A5FFA8795EA141EBF8B" blockId="27.[1401,2610,273,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFE06A5FFA8795EA1814B8FE" bold="true" box="[1403,1556,947,972]" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Abe et al. (2005), Ahlén & Baagee (1999), Alberdi, Aihartza et al. (2012), Baagee (1984, 1999, 2001a), Beck (1995), Benda et al. (2012), Blant & Jaberg (1995), Coroiu (2016a), Dietz & Kiefer (2016), Horaéek et al. (2000), Hutterer et al. (2005), Jaberg & Blant (2003), Kawai,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFE06A5FF7DD925B1657BF29" box="[2081,2135,1026,1051]" country="Japan" name="Fukui" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Fukui</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (2010), Kawai, Yamamoto etal. (2015), Koopman (1993), Lorente et al. (2010), Markovets et al. (2004), Masing (1989), Molur et al. (2002), Monadjem, Joubert et al. (2016), Ortega & Merino (2015), Pacifici et al. (2013), Rydell (1992a, 1992b), Rydell & Baagee (1994), Rydell et al. (2010),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFE06A5FF963922118C5BFA3" box="[1695,1733,1144,1169]" country="Malta" name="Safi" pageId="27" pageNumber="785">Safi</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (2007), Schaub & Schnitzler (2007), Schober & Grimmberger (1998), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Sokolov & Orlov (1980), Stubbe & Chotolchu (1968), Tinnin et al. (2002), Zagmajster (2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |