286 lines
34 KiB
XML
286 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="A73B33E23574E2AC302D8AEBE04BA103" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFC66A79FF7897E117C7B87F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Neoromicia capensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="819" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="819" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9ED9A4405A5A7229500F7534807523C7">
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<mods:title id="E712B72DB0F5CC6DE9C51316CC734487">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69408FD50AD5954A27B907870E245DC6">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE817096B56BFFE587495443E53D9AAC">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C0CB5799173434CB5D9B1A7ED31109B9">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="D2BD37D6B9980B8BF27053FA3A17886A" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="194E40DF23022552DEEFEEAADCC7B95C">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="1D1880FD081C066356011B0D0862CFBC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="05A546F3552D571DDBBEFE402CA16BF6">
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<mods:title id="0F2C1BA9EF66E408F3FA3DC517A346FA">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="57ADC6F958B1D9B6E8876FDB2C5430BC">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFC66A79FF7897E117C7B87F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581266" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581266" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFC66A79FF7897E117C7B87F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFC66A79FF7897E117C7B87F" lastPageNumber="819" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF7897E11ED3BAD4" box="[132,211,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF7897E11ED3BAD4" blockId="61.[127,1214,440,570]" box="[132,211,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC66A79FF7897E11ED3BAD4" box="[132,211,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFC66A79FF7897E11ED3BAD4" box="[132,211,440,486]" captionStart="Plate 60: Vespe" captionStartId="61.[119,149,3300,3325]" captionTargetBox="[12,2753,18,3658]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="118. Cape Serotine (Neoromicia capensis), 119. Malagasy Serotine (Neoromicia matroka), 120. Isalo Serotine (Neoromicia malagasyensis), 121. Roberts’s Serotine (Neoromicia robertsi), 122. Stanley’s Serotine (Neoromicia stanleyi), 123. Zulu Serotine (Neoromicia zuluensis), 124. Tiny Serotine (Neoromicia guineensis), 125. Somali Serotine (Neoromicia somalica), 126. Banana Serotine (Neoromicia nanus), 127. Rendall’s Serotine (Neoromicia rendalli), 128. Dark-brown Serotine (Neoromicia brunnea), 129. Rosevear’s Serotine (Neoromicia roseveari), 130. Isabelline Serotine (Neoromicia isabella), 131. Grandidier’s Serotine (Neoromicia grandidieri), 132. White-winged Serotine (Neoromicia tenuipinnis), 133. Heller’s Serotine (Neoromicia helios), 134. De Winton’s LLong-eared Bat (Laephotis wintoni), 135. Angolan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis angolensis), 136. Botswanan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis botswanae), 137. Namib Long-eared Bat (Laephotis namibensis), 138. Sind Bat (Rhyneptesicus nasutus), 139. Collared Sprite (Thainycteris aureocollaris), 140. Necklace Sprite (Thainycleris torquatus), 141. Bronze Sprite (Arielulus circumdatus), 142. Social Sprite (Arelulus societatis), 143. Coppery Sprite (Arielulus cuprosus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398519/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">118.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF1997E11C0CBAD4" box="[229,524,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF1997E11C0CBAD4" blockId="61.[127,1214,440,570]" box="[229,524,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC66A79FF1997E11C0CBAD4" box="[229,524,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FF1997E11C0CBAD4" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[229,524,440,486]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FF1997E11F4EBAD4" box="[229,334,440,486]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Serotine
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FDAF97E11DB7BAD4" box="[595,951,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FDAF97E11DB7BAD4" blockId="61.[127,1214,440,570]" box="[595,951,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC66A79FDAF97E11DB7BAD4" box="[595,951,440,486]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FDAF97E11DB7BAD4" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[595,951,440,486]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FDAF97E11DB7BAD4" box="[595,951,440,486]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Neoromicia capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF7D97A11ABDB907" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF7D97A11A23B93F" blockId="61.[127,1214,440,570]" box="[129,1059,504,525]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC66A79FF7D97A11A23B93F" box="[129,1059,504,525]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FF7D97A11ECCB93F" bold="true" box="[129,204,504,525]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FF2F97A11F70B93F" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[211,368,504,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">Vespére du Cap</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FE7997A11FE0B93F" bold="true" box="[389,480,504,525]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FE1697A11CC5B93F" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[490,709,504,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">Kap-Zwergfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FD2597A11D34B93F" bold="true" box="[729,820,504,525]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FCC297A11A23B93F" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[830,1059,504,525]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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Neoromicia de El
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FC0D97A11A23B93F" box="[1009,1059,504,525]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cabo</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF7C94791ABDB907" blockId="61.[127,1214,440,570]" box="[128,1213,544,565]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC66A79FF7C94791ABDB907" box="[128,1213,544,565]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FF7C94791F77B907" bold="true" box="[128,375,544,565]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FE7C94791FDCB907" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[384,476,544,565]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FE7C94791FB2B907" box="[384,434,544,565]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Bat
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</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FE1594791C8DB907" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[489,653,544,565]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FE1594791C1AB907" box="[489,538,544,565]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
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House Bat
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</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FD6694791D5EB907" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[666,862,544,565]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FD6694791CCBB907" box="[666,715,544,565]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Pipistrelle Bat
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</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FC9094791DFAB907" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[876,1018,544,565]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FC9094791D9DB907" box="[876,925,544,565]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Serotine
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</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC66A79FBF494791ABDB907" ID-CoL="8LF7J" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[1032,1213,544,565]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FBF494791A39B907" box="[1032,1081,544,565]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Serotine Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FD18943D1D2DB99F" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FD18943D1D2DB99F" blockId="61.[737,1333,612,1039]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FD18943D1D7FB9B7" bold="true" box="[740,895,612,645]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FC67943D1D28B99F" ID-CoL="8LJ73" authority="A. Smith, 1829" authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">Vespertilio capensis A. Smith, 1829</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FCBC94CD1DE6B9E6" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FCBC94CD1DE6B9E6" blockId="61.[737,1333,612,1039]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFC66A79FCBC94CD1DE6B9E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319698" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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Grahamstown,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FBE794CD1D20B9E6" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FCCD94EE1DE2B9E6" box="[817,994,695,724]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FD1894831CC2BF99" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FD1894831CC2BF99" blockId="61.[737,1333,612,1039]" lastBlockId="61.[118,1331,1044,3208]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FD1894831D71B9C9" box="[740,881,730,763]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoromicia</taxonomicName>
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has variously been considered a subgenus of
|
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FC4D955B1A3CB811" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[945,1084,770,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pipistrellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FB91955B1AE1B811" box="[1133,1249,770,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
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; however, genetic data has shown that it is a separate genus within
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FBD0950C1AFEB840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1068,1278,853,882]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="993" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Vespertilionini">Vespertilionini</taxonomicName>
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||
. As currently recognized, however,
|
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FB5495D91B35B8AB" box="[1192,1333,896,921]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoromicia</taxonomicName>
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appears to be paraphyletic with both
|
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FB0295C61D2EB8DA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Laephotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Laephotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some species of African
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FB3995921B34B8DA" box="[1221,1332,971,1000]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsugo</taxonomicName>
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||
(H. anchieta and
|
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FC1E95B71A84BF3D" box="[994,1156,1006,1039]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bemainty">H. bemainty</taxonomicName>
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) being embedded within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FEAB924D1FE5BF07" box="[343,485,1044,1077]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoromicia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To resolve this, further genetic and morphological studies incorporating all taxa within these genera are needed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FC6992191A94BF6F" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[917,1172,1088,1117]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">Neoromicia capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FECB923A1FB1BFB6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[311,433,1123,1156]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Laephotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Laephotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on very limited genetic data. Alternatively included in the separate genus Nycterikaupius. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF8192EF1F3ABE12" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="90EB6676FFC66A79FF8192EF1F3ABE12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398021/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" targetBox="[124,715,619,1032]" targetPageId="61">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF8192EF1F3ABE12" blockId="61.[118,1331,1044,3208]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FF8192EF1F2DBFE1" bold="true" box="[125,301,1206,1235]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Widespread over sub-Saharan Africa, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FC5392EF1A15BFE1" box="[943,1045,1206,1235]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FBDF92EF1A79BFE1" box="[1059,1145,1206,1235]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Bissau" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Bissau</collectingRegion>
|
||
E to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FB2D92EF1B2ABFE1" box="[1233,1322,1206,1235]" name="Sudan" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FF8292801EE0BFC8" box="[126,224,1241,1274]" name="Eritrea" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FF0C92801F69BFC8" box="[240,361,1241,1274]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FE4692801C2BBFC8" box="[442,555,1241,1274]" name="Somalia" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and S to most of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FCD192801DDFBFC8" box="[813,991,1241,1274]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
; also Bioko and Unguja (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FF76935A1F08BE12" box="[138,264,1283,1312]" name="Tanzania" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
) Is.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF8193741DA4B36C" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF8193741DA4B36C" blockId="61.[118,1331,1044,3208]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FF8193741F7ABE78" bold="true" box="[125,378,1325,1354]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body ¢.44-77 mm, tail 25-38 mm, ear 8-15 mm, hindfoot 7-9 mm, forearm 28-38 mm; weight 6-9 g. In some areas (e.g.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FC0493011AAEBE43" box="[1016,1198,1368,1393]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
), females are larger than males. Pelage of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FD78932E1CCABEAA" box="[644,714,1399,1432]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Serotine is soft and dense, with mid-dorsal hairs 5-6 mm long; dorsally pale to dark brown, sometimes with yellowish, grayish, or reddish tones (basal two-thirds of hairs dark brown or black); ventrally whitish, cream or buff (hairs mostly bicolored, with basal three-fifths brownish black to black, but some all-white hairs in pelvic region and adjacent flight membranes). Wings are yellowish-, grayish-, or blackish brown, sometimes with narrow white hind border; interfemoral membrane paler, more translucent, sometimes with yellowish border, and dark transverse lines. Ears are subtriangular with rounded tip. Tragus is ¢.45% of ear length, widest near middle, posterior margin smoothly convex for most of its length, and tip rounded. There are glands above eye, in corner of mouth, on either side of muzzle, and under chin. Skull is comparatively large and robust for a pipistrelle-like bat (greatest skull lengths 12-15-4 mm). Rostrum sometimes has well-developed lateral depressions just above infraorbital foramina. Profile of forehead is straight to weakly concave. Occipital helmet, formed by posterior end ofsagittal crest and backward-pointing lambdoid crest, is usually present. I? appears unicuspid, but is weakly bicuspid; I’ is less than one-half height of I? P? is usually absent; lower molars are myotodont. Dental formula for members ofthis genus (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FBFE91B61A52B322" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1026,1106,2031,2064]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">nanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FB9F91B61AF1B322" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[1123,1265,2031,2064]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandidieri">grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tenwipinnis, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FEC79E451F7FB30B" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1912" box="[315,383,2076,2105]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helios">helios</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see also roberts: and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FD569E451D16B30B" box="[682,790,2076,2105]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseveari">roseveari</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is12/3,C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FNa = 50.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF869E3C1A80B3E7" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF869E3C1A80B3E7" blockId="61.[118,1331,1044,3208]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FF869E3C1EE9B3B4" bold="true" box="[122,233,2149,2182]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Most vegetation zones south of Sahara, except large deserts and some coastal habitats. Commonly associated with human settlements. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FC2D9ECC1A84B39C" box="[977,1156,2197,2222]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it seems to prefer open habitats surrounding wetlands. Most records are in lowlands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF869E821FEAB105" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF869E821FEAB105" blockId="61.[118,1331,1044,3208]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FF869E821F80B3CE" bold="true" box="[122,384,2267,2300]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FE2C9E821C16B3CE" box="[464,534,2267,2300]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Serotine forages by slow hawking in moderately clutterfree spaces, around and over canopies, and in clearings fairly close to vegetation. It is attracted to concentrations of insects around vegetation, over water, over termite mounds when winged termites are emerging, and around lights. In western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FB279F0B1ECFB2A8" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, diet included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FE489F201C4EB2A8" box="[436,590,2425,2458]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FD989F201CD0B2A8" box="[612,720,2425,2458]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FD1A9F201D84B2A8" box="[742,900,2425,2458]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Ephemeroptera among other unidentified material. Fecal analysis of 40 individuals in wet season and
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFC66A79FB149FF81B2CB2F0" box="[1256,1324,2465,2498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
|
||
dry season in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FEB49F911FD7B2DB" box="[328,471,2504,2537]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
yielded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FDA69F911CF6B2DB" box="[602,758,2504,2537]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(68% wet season vs. 26% dry season),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FF859FAD1F28B123" box="[121,296,2548,2577]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(18-5% vs. 7-4%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FDC29FAD1CD7B123" box="[574,727,2548,2577]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6% vs. 0%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79FC599FAD1A0FB123" box="[933,1039,2548,2577]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6% vs. 5-4%), and Trichoptera (0% vs. 45%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF849C661D8EB1CF" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF849C661D8EB1CF" blockId="61.[118,1331,1044,3208]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FF849C661EFFB152" bold="true" box="[120,255,2623,2656]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Gestation lasts c.12 weeks. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FD549C661D52B152" box="[680,850,2623,2656]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,littersize is usually 2-3 (1-4). At
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A05039FFC66A79FF859C3E1EC2B1BA" box="[121,194,2663,2696]" degrees="24" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" precision="55555" value="-24.0">24° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, reproductive timing is usually restricted seasonal monoestry with spermatogenesis peak in March-May,first copulations late March to early April, sperm storage by females and further copulations until ovulation and fertilization in second one-half of August, and parturition late October to early November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FF8A9D5D1790BAD8" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FF8A9D5D1790BAD8" blockId="61.[118,1331,1044,3208]" lastBlockId="61.[1402,2611,299,849]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FF8A9D5D1F63B017" bold="true" box="[118,355,2820,2853]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79FE499D5D1FFBB017" box="[437,507,2820,2853]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Serotine emerges at dusk and has several bouts of foraging per night, with peak activity at dusk and just before dawn; it reduces activity in moonlight apparently to reduce risk of predation. Aspect ratio is low and wing loading very low. Flight can be fairly slow and fluttering, or sometimes faster, moderately maneuverable. The species can take off from the ground, but cannot hover; it climbs and scuttles moderately well. It roosts during the day in cavities under tree bark, among leaves of aloes, in cracks or holes in plants and rocks, in ceilings, under roofs, and in walls of buildings. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FE5A9A411C58B70B" box="[422,600,3096,3129]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it apparently does not enter prolonged periods of torpor during winter, although it becomes torpid during the day, sometimes remaining torpid for a few days. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79FE069A3E1CA9B7BA" box="[506,681,3175,3208]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, low-duty echolocation calls are dominated by FM calls; one study gave maximum frequencies of 41-4-61-4 kHz, minimum frequencies 34-7-40-9 kHz, frequencies of the knee 37-42-4 kHz, characteristic frequencies 35:-8-41-2 kHz, and durations 2-1-5 milliseconds. Predators include common barnowls (Tyto alba), pied crows (Corvus albus), and possibly bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus). One was found in a spider’s web (Nephila sp.) in Serengeti,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC66A79F6F79790178CBAD8" box="[2315,2444,457,490]" name="Tanzania" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FA8797AC1BFDB9B4" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FA8797AC1BFDB9B4" blockId="61.[1402,2611,299,849]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FA8797AC165EB920" bold="true" box="[1403,2142,501,530]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFC66A79F74797AC1701B920" box="[2235,2305,501,530]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Serotine apparently roosts singly in natural roosts. In buildings, commonly in mixed-sex groups of ¢.20 individuals. It has been found sharing a roost with the African Yellow Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC66A79F65D94661BEFB9B4" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dinganii">Scotophilus dinganii</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FA8794CB1796B99D" box="[1403,2454,658,687]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FA8794CB1796B99D" blockId="61.[1402,2611,299,849]" box="[1403,2454,658,687]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FA8794CB18D8B99D" bold="true" box="[1403,1752,658,687]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC66A79FA80949B17C7B87F" pageId="61" pageNumber="819" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC66A79FA80949B17C7B87F" blockId="61.[1402,2611,299,849]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC66A79FA80949B1814B9E5" bold="true" box="[1404,1556,706,727]" pageId="61" pageNumber="819">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Fenton et al. (1977), Hill & Harrison (1987), Kearney (2013f), Kearney et al. (2002), Koopman (1993, 1994), Koubinova et al. (2013), Linden et al. (2014), Menu (1987), van der Merwe (1994), Minnaar et al. (2015), Monadjem etal. (2013), Schoeman & Jacobs (2003), Schoeman & Waddington (2011), Simmons (2005), Sirami et al. (2013), Taylor, Monadjem & Steyn (2013), Taylor, Sowler et al. (2013), Volleth et al. (2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |