221 lines
26 KiB
XML
221 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="00D03C7C449DC4E0F495AE244DED6313" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFC26A7EFA8E9D881FF8B3D6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hypsugo crassulus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="816" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="815" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="37B962C1EA39D78E6BE224CB417BAA6E">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="29FB5B19E232939D799200980E570031">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5CE6C75F4EEDA23DFBBC5EFB38A04A96">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ABB3D915DD819E94E7DCDF40BE8406F6">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="0600619F6ED8EEBFE4DBA3F61DFE8478">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFC26A7EFA8E9D881FF8B3D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581260" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFC26A7EFA8E9D881FF8B3D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFC26A7EFA8E9D881FF8B3D6" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="816" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC26A7DFA8E9D881BC2B0CD" box="[1394,1474,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DFA8E9D881BC2B0CD" blockId="57.[1389,2431,3025,3114]" box="[1394,1474,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC26A7DFA8E9D881BC2B0CD" box="[1394,1474,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFC26A7DFA8E9D881BC2B0CD" box="[1394,1474,3025,3071]" captionStart="Plate 59" captionStartId="51.[133,163,3283,3308]" captionTargetBox="[12,2757,17,3656]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="94. Fairy Pipistrelle (Hypsugo ariel), 95. Lanza’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo lanzai), 96. Arabian Pipistrelle (Hypsugo arabicus), 97. Savi’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii), 98. Alashanian Pipistrelle (Hypsugo alaschanicus), 99. Cadorna’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo cadornae), 100. Joftre’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo joffrei), 101. Chinese Pipistrelle (Hypsugo pulveratus), 102. Chocolate Pipistrelle (Hypsugo affinis), 103. Pungent Pipistrelle (Hypsugo mordax), 104. Peters’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo petersi), 105. Long-toothed Pipistrelle (Hypsugo dolichodon), 106. Burmese Pipistrelle (Hypsugo lophurus), 107. Red-brown Pipistrelle (Hypsugo kitcheneri), 108. Brown Pipistrelle (Hypsugo imbricatus), 109. Big-eared Pipistrelle (Hypsugo macrotis), 110. Vordermann’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo vordermanni), 111. Anchieta’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo anchieta), 112. Kirindy Pipistrelle (Hypsugo bemainty), 113. Mouse-like Pipistrelle (Hypsugo musciculus), 114. Broad-headed Pipistrelle (Hypsugo crassulus), 115. Eisentraut’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo eisentrauti), 116. Schlieffen’s Bat (Nycticeinops schlieffenii), 117. Moloney’s Mimic Bat (Mimetillus moloneyi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398514/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">114.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC26A7DFA2E9D8819D6B0CD" box="[1490,2006,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DFA2E9D8819D6B0CD" blockId="57.[1389,2431,3025,3114]" box="[1490,2006,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC26A7DFA2E9D8819D6B0CD" box="[1490,2006,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC26A7DFA2E9D8819D6B0CD" ID-CoL="8LCNH" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1490,2006,3025,3071]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">Broad-headed Pipistrelle</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC26A7DF7E39D881768B0CD" box="[2079,2408,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DF7E39D881768B0CD" blockId="57.[1389,2431,3025,3114]" box="[2079,2408,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC26A7DF7E39D881768B0CD" box="[2079,2408,3025,3071]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC26A7DF7E39D881768B0CD" ID-CoL="8LCNH" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[2079,2408,3025,3071]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC26A7DF7E39D881768B0CD" box="[2079,2408,3025,3071]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">Hypsugo crassulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC26A7DFA929A4B177FB715" box="[1390,2431,3090,3111]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DFA929A4B177FB715" blockId="57.[1389,2431,3025,3114]" box="[1390,2431,3090,3111]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<heading id="9F638192FFC26A7DFA929A4B177FB715" box="[1390,2431,3090,3111]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC26A7DFA929A4B1BBAB715" bold="true" box="[1390,1466,3090,3111]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC26A7DFA3C9A4B189DB715" ID-CoL="8LCNH" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1472,1693,3090,3111]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">Vespere a grosse téte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC26A7DF94E9A4B190CB715" bold="true" box="[1714,1804,3090,3111]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC26A7DF8EA9A4B1646B715" ID-CoL="8LCNH" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1814,2118,3090,3111]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">Breitkopfige Zwergfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC26A7DF7A79A4B16B6B715" bold="true" box="[2139,2230,3090,3111]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFC26A7DF73C9A4B177FB715" ID-CoL="8LCNH" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[2240,2431,3090,3111]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">Hypsugo cabezudo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC26A7DFA919A0D19F1B747" box="[1389,2033,3156,3189]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DFA919A0D19F1B747" blockId="57.[1388,2598,3156,3472]" box="[1389,2033,3156,3189]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC26A7DFA919A0D1809B747" bold="true" box="[1389,1545,3156,3189]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC26A7DF9E99A0D19ECB747" ID-CoL="8LFVK" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1557,2028,3156,3189]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">Pipistrellus crassulus Thomas, 1904</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC26A7DF8019A0D1404B747" box="[2045,2564,3156,3189]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DF8019A0D1404B747" blockId="57.[1388,2598,3156,3472]" box="[2045,2564,3156,3189]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFC26A7DF8019A0D1404B747" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319348" box="[2045,2564,3156,3189]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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“Efulen,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC26A7DF7859A0D171AB747" box="[2169,2330,3156,3189]" name="Cameroon" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">Cameroons</collectingCountry>
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[=
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC26A7DF6B09A0D17E9B747" box="[2380,2537,3156,3189]" name="Cameroon" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC26A7DFA929AD91416B7DE" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DFA929AD91416B7DE" blockId="57.[1388,2598,3156,3472]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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Relationships are currently unresolved. Genetic data place
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC26A7DF7549AD9173BB7AF" box="[2216,2363,3200,3229]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="bellieri">race bellieri</taxonomicName>
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close to
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC26A7DF6459AD91426B7AF" box="[2489,2598,3200,3229]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsugo</taxonomicName>
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aisentrauti (but see
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC26A7DF9939AFE191FB7F6" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1647,1823,3239,3268]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eisentrauti">H. eisentrauti</taxonomicName>
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). Nominate
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC26A7DF8309AFE163DB7F6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1996,2109,3239,3268]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
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has not yet been included in a phylogenetic analysis; bellieri might represent a distinct species. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC26A7EFA929AA81AF0BA65" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="816" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FFC26A7EFA929AA81AF0BA65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398012/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="816" pageId="57" pageNumber="815" targetBox="[174,766,282,697]" targetPageId="58">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DFA929AA818FEB620" blockId="57.[1388,2598,3156,3472]" box="[1390,1790,3313,3346]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC26A7DFA929AA818FEB620" bold="true" box="[1390,1790,3313,3346]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC26A7DFA939B40182DB6BA" blockId="57.[1388,2598,3156,3472]" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC26A7DFA939B40182DB6BA" pageId="57" pageNumber="815">H.c.crassulusThomas,1904—scatteredrecordsinSCameroon,SGabon,SRepublicoftheCongo,NWAngola,NW&NEDRCongo,SWSouthSudan,W&SUganda,andWKenya.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFCEA97561AF0BA65" blockId="58.[788,1384,271,698]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFCEA97561A7ABA02" box="[790,1146,271,304]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">H. c. bellieri De Vree, 1972</taxonomicName>
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— SE
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC16A7EFB3697561B32BA02" box="[1226,1330,271,304]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC16A7EFABE97561D5EBA65" name="Liberia" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC16A7EFC7497671A25BA65" box="[904,1061,318,343]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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, and S
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC16A7EFB7197671AECBA65" box="[1165,1260,318,343]" name="Ghana" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC16A7EFCE997071C7DBE9A" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFCE997071C7DBE9A" blockId="58.[788,1384,271,698]" lastBlockId="58.[175,1384,704,2276]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC16A7EFCE997071A2BBA4D" bold="true" box="[789,1067,350,383]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body c¢.43-52 mm, tail 25-32 mm, ear 9-13 mm, hindfoot 5-3-7-5 mm, forearm 28-33 mm; weight 4-8 g. Pelage of the Broad-headed Pipistrelle is soft and dense; dorsally dark brown or reddish brown in
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFB5094721B20B976" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1196,1312,555,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
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, medium to dark chocolate-brown in bellier: (hairs are unicolored); ventrally either the same as dorsum (hairs unicolored;
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFAEE94C41ED8B9D3" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
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) or various shades of pale brown such as pale fawn and pale grayish fawn (hairs bicolored with medium to dark brown bases and pale tips; bellier:). Throat ofbellier: is usually paler, contrasting with ventral pelage but is the same as venter in
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFB5495561B1CB802" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1192,1308,783,816]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
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. Ears are blackish (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFE8C956F1FE7B865" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[368,487,822,855]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or dark brown (bellieri) and broadly rounded; tragus is slightly less than one-half the ear height, being broadest at midpoint in bellieri and broadest at base of anterior margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFDD395DC1CA2B894" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[559,674,901,934]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is smoothly convex on posterior margin with small basal lobe and rounded tip. Tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFD0F95F51D66B8FF" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[755,870,940,973]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is longer than in bellieri. Membranes are blackish brown (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFE2F958D1C4AB8C7" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[467,586,980,1013]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or dark brown (bellieri). Penis is very long compared to other pipistrelle-like bats. Baculum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFD4595A21D30BF2E" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[697,816,1019,1052]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is very long and slender with rounded tip and very small basal lobes in line with extended shaft in vertical plane. Skull is moderately robust; braincase is broad and rounded, low in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFC1792171A5FBF59" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1003,1119,1102,1131]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and high in belliers; interorbital region is relatively broad; rostrum is moderately long and relatively broad; forehead is almost straight to weakly concave; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are weakly developed and form weak occipital helmet in bellieri but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFBE492981A8CBFD0" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1048,1164,1217,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I is deeply bicuspid and very broad and robust; I’ is unicuspid; P* is minute and displaced lingually from tooth row, and barely visible to invisible above gum (larger and more visible in bellieri); P* and C' are usually in contact in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFCF6936E1D7EBE6A" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[778,894,1335,1368]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
but separated in bellieri; lower incisors are tricuspid; and lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FNa = 56 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFE0E93D21C6FBE9A" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[498,623,1419,1448]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC16A7EFF4D93EF1FBABD77" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFF4D93EF1FBABD77" blockId="58.[175,1384,704,2276]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC16A7EFF4D93EF1F20BEFD" bold="true" box="[177,288,1462,1487]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Lowland rainforest, swamp forest, coastal forest, and montane forest at elevations of 70-1600 m. Nominate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFD61938C1D10BEC4" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[669,784,1493,1526]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to prefer higher elevations of 800-1600 m, but can be found down to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFC16A7EFD5B93A51CFFBD2F" box="[679,767,1532,1565]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFC7793A51A1EBD2F" box="[907,1054,1532,1565]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="bellier">race bellier</taxonomicName>
|
||
: appears to prefer rainforest at 70-600 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC16A7EFF4D90121F25BDA6" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFF4D90121F25BDA6" blockId="58.[175,1384,704,2276]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC16A7EFF4D90121FB7BD5E" bold="true" box="[177,439,1611,1644]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Broad-headed Pipistrelle forages by slow hawking in cluttered habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC16A7EFF4D90C31F68BCB3" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFF4D90C31F68BCB3" blockId="58.[175,1384,704,2276]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC16A7EFF4D90C31F38BD89" bold="true" box="[177,312,1690,1723]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC16A7EFE8C90C31C10BD89" box="[368,528,1690,1723]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
, six pregnant females and one lactating female were found between late February and late March, four nulliparous females were captured between late August and late September, and a pregnant female was found in October. Scrotal males were found from late February to late March and in late August. Based on these data, the species may have more than one breeding season. Females produce single young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC16A7EFF5391DE1DDDBC9A" box="[175,989,1927,1960]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFF5391DE1DDDBC9A" blockId="58.[175,1384,704,2276]" box="[175,989,1927,1960]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC16A7EFF5391DE1F9BBC9A" bold="true" box="[175,411,1927,1960]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Broad-headed Pipistrelles are nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC16A7EFF4D91F71A5DBCFD" box="[177,1117,1966,1999]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFF4D91F71A5DBCFD" blockId="58.[175,1384,704,2276]" box="[177,1117,1966,1999]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC16A7EFF4D91F71D6EBCFD" bold="true" box="[177,878,1966,1999]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC16A7EFF4D91831C3AB35F" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFF4D91831C3AB35F" blockId="58.[175,1384,704,2276]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC16A7EFF4D91831C0DBCC5" bold="true" box="[177,525,2010,2039]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFC16A7EFB0691831F5CB32C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassulus">Pipistrellus crassulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Although rarely captured, the species appears to be widespread and locally common; e.g. in Tai National Park,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFC16A7EFD139E7C1D8CB374" box="[751,908,2085,2118]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it was the most commonly captured pipistrelle-like bat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFC16A7EFF4E9E251FF8B3D6" pageId="58" pageNumber="816" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFC16A7EFF4E9E251FF8B3D6" blockId="58.[175,1384,704,2276]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFC16A7EFF4E9E251F4BB3A7" bold="true" box="[178,331,2172,2197]" pageId="58" pageNumber="816">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
ACR (2018), Bates et al. (2013), Decher et al. (2016), Fahr (2013z), Hayman (1954), Hayman et al. (1966), Heller et al. (1994), Monadjem & Fahr (2007, 2017b), Monadjem, Richards et al. (2013), Volleth et al. (2001), Weber & Fahr (2007a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |