209 lines
25 KiB
XML
209 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="12B694B44F7D0EBDAB7D44758A8011A0" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFBA6A06FA8C9DCF1FBDB27D" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Neoromicia tenuipinnis" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="824" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="823" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="7822EBFC1C614F19FCEE7F5A18DB5BD7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="738530C216AE2E2CB42E135BA4AA2ECC">
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<mods:title id="96773F460EB8D4990B96957DC4706987">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B785D394EE17CBDDA6990771F7D3282E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3C0CAD916AA14C207FDFC7F8E57137D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F45B1B1F739455E8C118CAB51A477BCF">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="60A127E695A675D7B20089ED3BAB1A5E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7DC862E8B6922722B5259D1D7D8F4BB2">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F62A0F2814F503351D9B1A30DC9FBDE3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="79667E8F40C7F0E4C12192B2E71847D0">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="44901A813AA79294423559A1A3F9F792" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="EE9A7E67625DD48795540EC58157FB19">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="CCD05A4CB6854133259A9817FA7FEF7B">
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<mods:placeTerm id="B15A4BD63CE6A1CAB30E032A246FD7DC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DB404BCEB9F41A8B3F4A94830C53407B">
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<mods:title id="2AD8F90300B62D219BFA35FF5AFE9C5E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="BE399A4377683A9FB1FA9F0A22C79AEF">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="48F39EF0CDD9E90CEFFBD9E84253F83E">981</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="CA28131D7175C8766ED04E261EEFA8C7" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFBA6A06FA8C9DCF1FBDB27D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6558723" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6558723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFBA6A06FA8C9DCF1FBDB27D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFBA6A06FA8C9DCF1FBDB27D" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="824" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBA6A05FA8C9DCF1BC0B0F6" box="[1392,1472,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05FA8C9DCF1BC0B0F6" blockId="65.[1387,2523,2966,3094]" box="[1392,1472,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<heading id="9F638192FFBA6A05FA8C9DCF1BC0B0F6" box="[1392,1472,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFBA6A05FA8C9DCF1BC0B0F6" box="[1392,1472,2966,3012]" captionStart="Plate 60: Vespe" captionStartId="61.[119,149,3300,3325]" captionTargetBox="[12,2753,18,3658]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="118. Cape Serotine (Neoromicia capensis), 119. Malagasy Serotine (Neoromicia matroka), 120. Isalo Serotine (Neoromicia malagasyensis), 121. Roberts’s Serotine (Neoromicia robertsi), 122. Stanley’s Serotine (Neoromicia stanleyi), 123. Zulu Serotine (Neoromicia zuluensis), 124. Tiny Serotine (Neoromicia guineensis), 125. Somali Serotine (Neoromicia somalica), 126. Banana Serotine (Neoromicia nanus), 127. Rendall’s Serotine (Neoromicia rendalli), 128. Dark-brown Serotine (Neoromicia brunnea), 129. Rosevear’s Serotine (Neoromicia roseveari), 130. Isabelline Serotine (Neoromicia isabella), 131. Grandidier’s Serotine (Neoromicia grandidieri), 132. White-winged Serotine (Neoromicia tenuipinnis), 133. Heller’s Serotine (Neoromicia helios), 134. De Winton’s LLong-eared Bat (Laephotis wintoni), 135. Angolan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis angolensis), 136. Botswanan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis botswanae), 137. Namib Long-eared Bat (Laephotis namibensis), 138. Sind Bat (Rhyneptesicus nasutus), 139. Collared Sprite (Thainycteris aureocollaris), 140. Necklace Sprite (Thainycleris torquatus), 141. Bronze Sprite (Arielulus circumdatus), 142. Social Sprite (Arelulus societatis), 143. Coppery Sprite (Arielulus cuprosus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398519/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">132.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBA6A05FA339DCF19ACB0F6" box="[1487,1964,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05FA339DCF19ACB0F6" blockId="65.[1387,2523,2966,3094]" box="[1487,1964,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<heading id="9F638192FFBA6A05FA339DCF19ACB0F6" box="[1487,1964,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBA6A05FA339DCF19ACB0F6" ID-CoL="8LF7V" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1487,1964,2966,3012]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">White-winged Serotine</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBA6A05F8089DCF1798B0F6" box="[2036,2456,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05F8089DCF1798B0F6" blockId="65.[1387,2523,2966,3094]" box="[2036,2456,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<heading id="9F638192FFBA6A05F8089DCF1798B0F6" box="[2036,2456,2966,3012]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBA6A05F8089DCF1798B0F6" ID-CoL="8LF7V" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[2036,2456,2966,3012]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBA6A05F8089DCF1798B0F6" box="[2036,2456,2966,3012]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Neoromicia tenuipinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBA6A05FA919D8F1785B720" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05FA919D8F17DAB0D9" blockId="65.[1387,2523,2966,3094]" box="[1389,2522,3030,3051]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<heading id="9F638192FFBA6A05FA919D8F17DAB0D9" box="[1389,2522,3030,3051]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBA6A05FA919D8F1BB9B0D9" bold="true" box="[1389,1465,3030,3051]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBA6A05FA439D8F18B4B0D9" ID-CoL="8LF7V" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1471,1716,3030,3051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">Vespére a ailes blanches</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBA6A05F9359D8F1924B0D9" bold="true" box="[1737,1828,3030,3051]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBA6A05F8D79D8F164FB0D9" ID-CoL="8LF7V" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1835,2127,3030,3051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">Weilfligel-Zwergfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBA6A05F7989D8F16C0B0D9" bold="true" box="[2148,2240,3030,3051]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBA6A05F7359D8F17DAB0D9" ID-CoL="8LF7V" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[2249,2522,3030,3051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">Neoromicia de alas blancas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05FA909DA41785B720" blockId="65.[1387,2523,2966,3094]" box="[1388,2437,3069,3090]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<heading id="9F638192FFBA6A05FA909DA41785B720" box="[1388,2437,3069,3090]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBA6A05FA909DA41864B720" bold="true" box="[1388,1636,3069,3090]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBA6A05F9919DA4199AB720" ID-CoL="8LF7V" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1645,1946,3069,3090]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">Slenderwinged Pipistrelle Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBA6A05F8599DA4165BB720" ID-CoL="8LF7V" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1957,2139,3069,3090]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">White-winged Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBA6A05F79A9DA41785B720" ID-CoL="8LF7V" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[2150,2437,3069,3090]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">White-winged Pipistrelle Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBA6A05FA909A6619C2B752" box="[1388,1986,3135,3168]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05FA909A6619C2B752" blockId="65.[1386,2597,3135,3492]" box="[1388,1986,3135,3168]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBA6A05FA909A661804B752" bold="true" box="[1388,1540,3135,3168]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBA6A05F9EF9A6619BDB752" ID-CoL="8LJ99" authority="Peters, 1872" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1872" box="[1555,1981,3135,3168]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vesperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuipinnis">Vesperus tenuipinnis Peters, 1872</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBA6A05F8319A661651B752" box="[1997,2129,3135,3168]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05F8319A661651B752" blockId="65.[1386,2597,3135,3492]" box="[1997,2129,3135,3168]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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||
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFBA6A05F8319A661651B752" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319335" box="[1997,2129,3135,3168]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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“
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBA6A05F8279A66163FB752" box="[2011,2111,3135,3168]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBA6A05FA909A311864B67E" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05FA909A311864B67E" blockId="65.[1386,2597,3135,3492]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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Treated in Nycterikaupius by H. Menu in 1987. Synonyms include
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBA6A05F7199A311715B7BB" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[2277,2325,3176,3209]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">ater</taxonomicName>
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(sometimes considered a race) and perhaps
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBA6A05F92F9AC91923B783" box="[1747,1827,3216,3249]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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(suggested as possibly a distinct species). Some authors suggest
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBA6A05FA279AEE182BB7EA" box="[1499,1579,3255,3288]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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could be a senior synonym of anchieta (here treated as a species,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBA6A05F64B9AEE1424B7EA" box="[2487,2596,3255,3288]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsugo</taxonomicName>
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anchieta). According to D. Kock in 2001, discrepancies between the original description of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBA6A05FA689B5F1BE4B615" box="[1428,1508,3334,3367]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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and the remaining syntypes in the BMNH raise doubts about the identity of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBA6A05FA919B721BBCB67E" box="[1389,1468,3371,3404]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBA6A05FA979B0C1679B6AE" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" type="distribution">
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||
<caption id="90EB6676FFBA6A05FA979B0C1679B6AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398051/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="823" targetBox="[173,765,309,724]" targetPageId="66">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBA6A05FA979B0C1679B6AE" blockId="65.[1386,2597,3135,3492]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBA6A05FA979B0C181BB644" bold="true" box="[1387,1563,3413,3446]" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Widely distributed from
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBA6A05F8749B0C19F4B644" box="[1928,2036,3413,3446]" name="Senegal" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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E to
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBA6A05F7BA9B0C16C0B644" box="[2118,2240,3413,3446]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBA6A05F7069B0C1751B644" box="[2298,2385,3413,3446]" name="Kenya" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, and N
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBA6A05F63B9B0C1B97B6AE" name="Tanzania" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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||
, and S to S
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBA6A05F9C29B2218D2B6AE" box="[1598,1746,3451,3484]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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and NW
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBA6A05F8AB9B2219BEB6AE" box="[1879,1982,3451,3484]" name="Angola" pageId="65" pageNumber="823">Angola</collectingCountry>
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; also Bioko I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB96A06FCE897731ABCBE17" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB96A06FCE897731ABCBE17" blockId="66.[788,1381,298,724]" lastBlockId="66.[175,1384,735,2383]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB96A06FCE897731A06BA79" bold="true" box="[788,1030,298,331]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body ¢.34-48 mm, tail 28-34 mm, ear 10-14 mm, hindfoot 5:3-8:
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFB96A06FC9997D91DC2BAAB" box="[869,962,384,409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 28-33 mm; weight 3-7 g. Pelage of the White-winged Serotine is silky and dense; dorsally blackish brown (hairs usually unicolored, but sometimes slightly paler at tip; mid-dorsal hairs ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFB96A06FAE8944C1B63B904" box="[1300,1379,533,566]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long); ventrally whitish or cream, throat and upper chest darker (hairs bicolored, with blackish-brown bases and silvery-white or cream tip). Wings are white to pale yellow when folded, transparent when stretched out; interfemoral membrane is usually darker than wings due to pigmentation. Ears are pale gray to pale brown, subtriangular, with anterior margin straight, posterior margin slightly concave, and tip rounded, measuring 35-47% of forearm length; tragus is 32-50% of ear length, relatively broad, widest above mid-point, with anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin with a sharp angle giving a truncated appearance, and tip rounded. Tibia, hindfoot, and forearm are reddish brown, forearm contrasting strongly with translucent wings. Penis is fairly long (c.5-5b mm). Baculum has tip expanded into almost vertical, lobed plate-like structure. Skull is medium to small compared to other African pipistrelle-like bats (greatest skull lengths 11:6-13 mm); profile of forehead region is weakly concave; skull slopes almost uniformly from muzzle to occiput; occipital helmet is absent. I* is broad to very broad, weakly bicuspid; I” is unicuspid and oneto two-thirds height of I%; P*is present or absent, if present almost always visible above gum in lateral view, and displaced lingually; C' and P* are in contact; lower molars are myotodont. Dental formulais12/3,C1/1,P 1-2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32-34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FNa = 52.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB96A06FF4C93721AFFBEA9" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB96A06FF4C93721AFFBEA9" blockId="66.[175,1384,735,2383]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB96A06FF4C93721F1FBE7E" bold="true" box="[176,287,1323,1356]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Various habitats, ranging from lowland to montane tropical moist forest, moist savanna, tropical dry forest, mangroves, and cocoa plantations, but mostly lowland rainforest and swamp and coastal forests. Elevational range up to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFB96A06FB6F93231AFBBEA9" box="[1171,1275,1402,1435]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB96A06FF4C93FB1CCABED8" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB96A06FF4C93FB1CCABED8" blockId="66.[175,1384,735,2383]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB96A06FF4C93FB1FC2BEF1" bold="true" box="[176,450,1442,1475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The White-winged Serotine forages by slow to moderately fast hawking in cluttered and open spaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB96A06FF4D93A91F9BBC14" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB96A06FF4D93A91F9BBC14" blockId="66.[175,1384,735,2383]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB96A06FF4D93A91F37BD23" bold="true" box="[177,311,1520,1553]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFB96A06FE9693A91FDABD23" box="[362,474,1520,1553]" name="Uganda" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a pregnant female was caught in early December (Bugoma Forest), three lactating females in January (locality not known), and a pregnant female in late February (Sango Bay Forest). Males with very large testes were noted in June, October, and November; their facial glands were very large and exuded a greasy orange secretion that tinted the entire body, including wings, pinkish, and facial hair seemed to be less dense. In northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFB96A06FD9D90EC1D1BBDE4" box="[609,795,1717,1750]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
, near Fintonia, one female was lactating in mid-May. In Isongo, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFB96A06FD8890841D0BBDCC" box="[628,779,1757,1790]" name="Cameroon" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, one female was pregnant in early March. Litter size is one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB96A06FF5391751D36B308" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB96A06FF5391751D36B308" blockId="66.[175,1384,735,2383]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB96A06FF5391751F9DBC7F" bold="true" box="[175,413,1836,1869]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Roosting sites include roofs, eaves of houses, and small crevices in houses, with naturalsites including hollow standing trees, under bark and boulders. Call shape is steep FM/QCF; mean start frequency 62 kHz (39-83 kHz), mean end frequency 37 kHz (24-42 kHz), and mean call duration 1-5 milliseconds (0-9-1-9 milliseconds); according to J. Fahr in 2013, these parameters may need confirmation using modern equipment. Predators include bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus) and Blanding’s tree snakes (Toxicodryas blandingur).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB96A06FF4D9E191D9BB383" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB96A06FF4D9E191D9BB383" blockId="66.[175,1384,735,2383]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB96A06FF4D9E191D75B353" bold="true" box="[177,885,2112,2145]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The White-winged Serotine roosts singly or in small groups of up to seven. One group found in a hollow tree consisted of two males, four females, and one unsexed individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB96A06FF4D9EEE1ACCB3EA" box="[177,1228,2231,2264]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB96A06FF4D9EEE1ACCB3EA" blockId="66.[175,1384,735,2383]" box="[177,1228,2231,2264]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB96A06FF4D9EEE1C0EB3EA" bold="true" box="[177,526,2231,2264]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB96A06FF4D9EBF1FBDB27D" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB96A06FF4D9EBF1FBDB27D" blockId="66.[175,1384,735,2383]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB96A06FF4D9EBF1F4BB3CD" bold="true" box="[177,331,2278,2303]" pageId="66" pageNumber="824">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Barratt et al. (1995), Crawford-Cabral (1989), Fahr (
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFB96A06FC809EBF1DBCB3CD" box="[892,956,2278,2303]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.013" pageId="66" pageNumber="824" unit="g" value="2013.0">2013g</quantity>
|
||
), Hayman & Hill (1971), Hill & Harrison (1987), Kock (2001a), Koopman (1975, 1993, 1994), McBeeet al. (1987), Menu (1987), Novick (1958), Rosevear (1965), Simmons (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |