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<document id="EA8FE1EB51802D63994F9636F11A70E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFB46A0BFF7D9B4C184EB2A2" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Scoteanax rueppellii" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="837" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="837" updateTime="1732570321788" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E2A1A6C96D60EB8E9CE0C735FF23EAE4">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8864B5F793BB0149DB589A2445AB19F9">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E450F296DBBED60F278EC689281AA70C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFB46A0BFF7D9B4C184EB2A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFB46A0BFF7D9B4C184EB2A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFB46A0BFF7D9B4C184EB2A2" lastPageNumber="837" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Vespertilionidae" scope_order="Chiroptera">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFF7D9B4C1ED0B671" box="[129,208,3349,3395]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFF7D9B4C1ED0B671" blockId="79.[124,1206,3349,3474]" box="[129,208,3349,3395]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BFF7D9B4C1ED0B671" box="[129,208,3349,3395]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFB46A0BFF7D9B4C1ED0B671" box="[129,208,3349,3395]" captionStart="Plate 61: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="73.[138,158,3293,3335]" captionTargetBox="[12,2750,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="144. Variegated Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris variegata), 145. Machados Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris machadoi), 146. Glen's Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris gleni), 147. Pied Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris superba), 148. Common Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris argentata), 149. Bibundi Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris egeria), 150. Abo Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris poensts), 151. Striped Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris alboguttata), 152. Beatrixs Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris beatrix), 153. Currys Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris curryae), 154. Spotted Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris humeralis), 155. Blackish Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris atra), 156. Kenyan Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris kenyacola), 157. Dorias False Serotine (Hesperoptenus doriae), 158. Tickells False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tickelli), 159. Blanfords False Serotine (Hesperoptenus blanfordi), 160. Large False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tomesi), 161. Gaskells False Serotine (Hesperoptenus gaskelli), 162. Great Evening Bat (Ia io), 163. Harlequin Bat (Scotomanes ornatus), 164. Ruppells Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppellii), 165. Northern Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens sanborni), 166. Little Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens greyii), 167. Inland Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens balstoni), 168. Eastern Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens orion), 169. Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398521/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">164.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFF1E9B4C1D0DB671" box="[226,781,3349,3395]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFF1E9B4C1D0DB671" blockId="79.[124,1206,3349,3474]" box="[226,781,3349,3395]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BFF1E9B4C1D0DB671" box="[226,781,3349,3395]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BFF1E9B4C1D0DB671" ID-CoL="4VXKZ" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[226,781,3349,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteanax" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppellii">Ruppells Broad-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFCBD9B471AB6B676" box="[833,1206,3358,3396]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFCBD9B471AB6B676" blockId="79.[124,1206,3349,3474]" box="[833,1206,3358,3396]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BFCBD9B471AB6B676" box="[833,1206,3358,3396]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BFCBD9B471AB6B676" ID-CoL="4VXKZ" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[833,1206,3358,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppellii">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFCBD9B471AB6B676" box="[833,1206,3358,3396]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Scoteanax rueppellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFF829B0C1C77B6A0" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFF829B0C1A6DB658" blockId="79.[124,1206,3349,3474]" box="[126,1133,3413,3434]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BFF829B0C1A6DB658" box="[126,1133,3413,3434]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFF829B0C1EC9B658" bold="true" box="[126,201,3413,3434]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BFF2E9B0C1F96B658" ID-CoL="4VXKZ" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[210,406,3413,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteanax" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppellii">Sérotine de Rippell</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFE509B0C1C06B658" bold="true" box="[428,518,3413,3434]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BFDEC9B0C1D31B658" ID-CoL="4VXKZ" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[528,817,3413,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteanax" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppellii">GroRRe Breitnasenfledermaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFCBA9B0C1DA1B658" bold="true" box="[838,929,3413,3434]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BFC579B0C1A6DB658" ID-CoL="4VXKZ" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[939,1133,3413,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteanax" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppellii">Scoteno de Rippell</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFF819B241C77B6A0" blockId="79.[124,1206,3349,3474]" box="[125,631,3453,3474]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<heading id="9F638192FFB46A0BFF819B241C77B6A0" box="[125,631,3453,3474]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFF819B241F74B6A0" bold="true" box="[125,372,3453,3474]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFB46A0BFE829B241C77B6A0" ID-CoL="4VXKZ" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[382,631,3453,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteanax" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppellii">Greater Broad-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BF81D974517E6BA56" blockId="79.[2017,2610,284,711]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF81D9745142FBA0F" box="[2017,2607,284,317]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="reference_group">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BF81D9745167ABA0F" bold="true" box="[2017,2170,284,317]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF7709745142ABA0F" authority="Peters, 1866" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[2188,2602,284,317]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyticejus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruppelliz">Nyticejus ruppelliz Peters, 1866</taxonomicName>
,
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF81E971E17E6BA56" box="[2018,2534,327,356]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="materials_examined">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFB46A0BF81E971E17E6BA56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319714" box="[2018,2534,327,356]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
“Sydney,”
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFB46A0BF795971E1759BA56" box="[2153,2393,327,356]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFB46A0BF69A971E17E2BA56" box="[2406,2530,327,356]" name="Australia" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF81D973216F3B91B" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BF81D973216F3B91B" blockId="79.[2017,2610,284,711]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
Phylogenetic position of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF6BF973217D9BABE" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[2371,2521,363,396]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scoteanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppellii">S. rueppellii</taxonomicName>
is currently unknown because it has not been included in any broad-scale phylogenetic studies; it is tentatively included under Eptesicini. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF81D946D1768B94A" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FFB46A0BF81D946D1768B94A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398122/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" targetBox="[1402,1994,294,708]" targetPageId="79">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BF81D946D1768B94A" blockId="79.[2017,2610,284,711]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BF81D946D1691B963" bold="true" box="[2017,2193,564,593]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Distribution.</emphasis>
E &amp; SE
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFB46A0BF6DC946D17CAB963" box="[2336,2506,564,593]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Queensland</collectingRegion>
and E
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFB46A0BF81E940616D6B94A" box="[2018,2262,607,632]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFB46A0BF71894061764B94A" box="[2276,2404,607,632]" name="Australia" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BF81D942618C6BE54" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BF81D942618C6BE54" blockId="79.[2017,2610,284,711]" lastBlockId="79.[1401,2614,718,2448]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BF81D942616F6B992" bold="true" box="[2017,2294,639,672]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 63-3— 72-7 mm, tail 44-5-58-5&gt; mm, ear 15-6-17-8 mm, forearm 50-5-56-2 mm; weight 20-39-8 g. Riippells Broad-nosed Bat is similar to species of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF95E94AC192EB824" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[1698,1838,757,790]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotorepens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotorepens</taxonomicName>
but is much larger. Dorsal pelage is reddish brown to dark brown; ventral pelageis slightly paler. Ears are slender and triangular, with moderately rounded tips and notches on posterior edges. Tragus is triangular because of well-defined lobe midway along posterior edge, and anterior edge is straight or slightly concave. Muzzle is broad and short, with square inflated glands on each side. Ears and membranes are blackish brown, and bare face, forearms, and digits are dark pinkish brown. Uropatagium attaches at calcar and extends to tip of tail. Penis is mostly hairless. Baculum is long (8-5-8-8 mm) and vaguely T-shaped in lateral view, with flat tip, thickened upward turned base, and basal notch running up dorso-ventrally broadened base. Skull is relatively narrow but large; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are well developed, forming prominent occipital helmet; anterior palatal emargination extends to behind upper canines; P* is two-thirds the height of C'; and M” is greatly reduced. Rappells Broad-nosed Bat is often confused with the Eastern False Pipistrelle (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF66192961826BE25" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Falsistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">Falsistrellus tasmaniensis</taxonomicName>
), from which it can be identified by having two instead of four upper incisors and absence of gap between canines and incisors. Dental formulais11/3, C 1/1, Pl/2,M 3/3 (x2) =30.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA80932817D4BD36" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA80932817D4BD36" blockId="79.[1401,2614,718,2448]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFA8093281BEBBEBC" bold="true" box="[1404,1515,1393,1422]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Habitat.</emphasis>
Various habitats including mature coastalforests, rainforests, open woodlands,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BFA8193CD18AEBE87" box="[1405,1710,1428,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melaleuca (Myrtaceae)</taxonomicName>
swamp woodlands, wet and dry sclerophyll forests, cleared paddocks with remnanttrees, and tree-lined creeks in open regions from sea level up to ¢.
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFB46A0BFA7393BA1BFCBD36" box="[1423,1532,1507,1540]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
. Typically associated with mild winters and rainfall over
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFB46A0BF6ED93BA1782BD36" box="[2321,2434,1507,1540]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 mm</quantity>
/year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA8090521985BCBD" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA8090521985BCBD" blockId="79.[1401,2614,718,2448]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFA8090521888BD1E" bold="true" box="[1404,1672,1547,1580]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Riippells Broad-nosed Bats forage by aerial-hawking and perchhunting and fly at moderate speeds with limited maneuverability. They are primarily insectivorous and mostly eat beetles but also moths, ants, and large flies. Spiders were also found (20% occurrence) in one study, which was unexpected given morphology and general feeding habits. Although not recorded in the wild, they probably regularly eat other bats; they have been observed circling around researchers while they were handling bats and have been seen chasing Chocolate Wattled Bats (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFB46A0BF6CD90AE1425BC2A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[2353,2597,1783,1816]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morio">Chalinolobus morio</taxonomicName>
) when they emerged from their roosts at dusk. In captivity, they eat other bats and break into adjacent cages to eat them. They have also been seen eating bats caught in mist nets with them, particularlyjuveniles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA8791CC1643BCEC" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA8791CC1643BCEC" blockId="79.[1401,2614,718,2448]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFA8791CC1802BC84" bold="true" box="[1403,1538,1941,1974]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Breeding.</emphasis>
Female Riippells Broad-nosed Bats give birth to one young in January and form maternity colonies a little before giving birth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA8591BD1709B34E" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA8591BD1709B34E" blockId="79.[1401,2614,718,2448]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFA8591BD186BB337" bold="true" box="[1401,1643,2020,2053]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Ruppells Broad-nosed Bats are nocturnal and have been found roosting in tree hollows, crevices, roofs of old buildings, and under bark on trunks and dead branches. Call shapeis steep FM/QCF sweep, with characteristic frequencies of 32-36-5 kHz in
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFB46A0BF9A59E06194BB34E" box="[1625,1867,2143,2172]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
and south-eastern
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFB46A0BF7A59E061705B34E" box="[2137,2309,2143,2172]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Queensland</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA879EDB19AAB3C0" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA879EDB19AAB3C0" blockId="79.[1401,2614,718,2448]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFA879EDB1646B391" bold="true" box="[1403,2118,2178,2211]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Riippells Broad-nosed Bats seem to roost in colonies, and maternity colonies do not have males. They might also roost alone and appear to often switch roosts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA879EA01796B228" box="[1403,2454,2297,2330]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA879EA01796B228" blockId="79.[1401,2614,718,2448]" box="[1403,2454,2297,2330]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFA879EA018D9B228" bold="true" box="[1403,1753,2297,2330]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFB46A0BFA809F71184EB2A2" pageId="79" pageNumber="837" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFB46A0BFA809F71184EB2A2" blockId="79.[1401,2614,718,2448]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFB46A0BFA809F711815B273" bold="true" box="[1404,1557,2344,2369]" pageId="79" pageNumber="837">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Baverstock et al. (1987), Calaby (1966), Campbell (2001), Churchill (2008), Hoye &amp; Richards (2008), Kitchener &amp; Caputi (1985), Lunney &amp; Pennay (2008), Reinhold, Law et al. (2001), Wilson (2006), Wooodside &amp; Long (1984).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>