238 lines
30 KiB
XML
238 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="86E6752CC8CDA17FBAD2EB508604E146">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A6D1D0D8D28090574DE14FB8F9A39990">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A75BFE364084F9EB7BB4AC264AB2B15F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B0C2B8A6E2489E8A9C6D4024644C0A23">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="6616FFE14261725A17585B5556D11F04">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFA26A1EFA8D94BB1B47BA95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6578107" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6578107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFA26A1EFA8D94BB1B47BA95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFA26A1EFA8D94BB1B47BA95" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="848" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA8D94BB1BC1B822" box="[1393,1473,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA8D94BB1BC1B822" blockId="89.[1388,2557,738,904]" box="[1393,1473,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<heading id="9F638192FFA26A1DFA8D94BB1BC1B822" box="[1393,1473,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFA26A1DFA8D94BB1BC1B822" box="[1393,1473,738,784]" captionStart="Plate 62: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="83.[123,153,3251,3276]" captionTargetBox="[12,2747,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="170. Humboldt’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Hustiotus humboldti), 171. Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus velatus), 172. Transparent-winged Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus diaphanopterus), 173. Strange Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus alienus), 174. Small Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus montanus), 175. Thomas’s Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus laephotis), 176. Common Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus macrotus), 177. Southern Big-eared Brown Bat (Histiotus magellanicus), 178. Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus), 179. Guadeloupe Serotine (Eptesicus guadeloupensis), 180. Diminutive Serotine (Eptesicus diminutus), 181. Little Black Serotine (Eptesicus andinus), 182. Chiriquinan Serotine (Eptesicus chiriquinus), 183. Argentine Serotine (Eptesicus furinalis), 184. Harmless Serotine (Eptesicus innoxius), 185. Brazilian Serotine (Eplesicus brasiliensis), 186. Taddei’s Serotine (Eptesicus taddeii), 187. Ulapes Serotine (Eptesicus ulapesensis), 188. Horn-skinned Serotine (Eptesicus floweri), 189. Lagos Serotine (Eptesicus platyops), 190. Long-tailed Serotine (Eptesicus hottentotus), 191. Ognev’s Serotine (Eptesicus ognevi), 192. Anatolian Serotine (Eptesicus anatolicus), 193. Botta’s Serotine (Eptesicus bottae), 194. Meridional Serotine (Eptesicus isabellinus), 195. Oriental Serotine (Eptesicus pachyomus), 196. Eurasian Serotine (Eplesicus serotinus), 197. Northern Serotine (Eptesicus nilssonii), 198. Sombre Serotine (Eptesicus tatei), 199. Gobi Serotine (Eptesicus gobiensis), 200. Japanese Serotine (Eptesicus japonensis), 201. Thick-eared Serotine (Eplesicus pachyotis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398523/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">190.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA2E94BB197CB822" box="[1490,1916,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA2E94BB197CB822" blockId="89.[1388,2557,738,904]" box="[1490,1916,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<heading id="9F638192FFA26A1DFA2E94BB197CB822" box="[1490,1916,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DFA2E94BB197CB822" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1490,1916,738,784]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Long-tailed Serotine</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DF83C94BB1734B822" box="[1984,2356,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DF83C94BB1734B822" blockId="89.[1388,2557,738,904]" box="[1984,2356,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<heading id="9F638192FFA26A1DF83C94BB1734B822" box="[1984,2356,738,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF83C94BB1734B822" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1984,2356,738,784]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DF83C94BB1734B822" box="[1984,2356,738,784]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Eptesicus hottentotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA92957B188DB8B4" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA92957B17BAB805" blockId="89.[1388,2557,738,904]" box="[1390,2490,802,823]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<heading id="9F638192FFA26A1DFA92957B17BAB805" box="[1390,2490,802,823]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA92957B1BB9B805" bold="true" box="[1390,1465,802,823]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DFA3E957B1885B805" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1474,1669,802,823]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Sérotine hottentote</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DF965957B18F4B805" bold="true" box="[1689,1780,802,823]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DF902957B165BB805" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1790,2139,802,823]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Hottentotten-Breitflligelfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DF78C957B16CCB805" bold="true" box="[2160,2252,802,823]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DF72A957B17BAB805" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[2262,2490,802,823]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Eptesicus de cola larga</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA919513188DB8B4" blockId="89.[1388,2557,738,904]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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||
<heading id="9F638192FFA26A1DFA919513188DB8B4" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA9195131864B86D" bold="true" box="[1389,1636,842,863]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DF992951318F5B86D" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1646,1781,842,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Hottentot Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DF8F8951319E6B86D" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1796,2022,842,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Hottentot Serotine Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DF80995131739B86D" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[2037,2361,842,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Long-tailed Greater Serotine Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DF6BB95131B8EB8B4" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Long-tailed House Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFA26A1DFA619528188DB8B4" ID-CoL="8LZYW" authority="(A. Smith, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1437,1677,881,902]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Long-tailed Serotine Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DF82D95ED16ACB8CF" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DF82D95ED16ACB8CF" blockId="89.[2000,2596,948,1376]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DF82D95ED166DB8E7" bold="true" box="[2001,2157,948,981]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF76095ED16A8B8CF" authority="A. Smith, 1833" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentota">Vespertilio hottentota [sic] A. Smith, 1833</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DF74795B91714BF16" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DF74795B91714BF16" blockId="89.[2000,2596,948,1376]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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||
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFA26A1DF74795B91714BF16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319685" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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||
Uitenhage,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFA26A1DF69895B9164EBF16" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF7A292521710BF16" box="[2142,2320,1035,1060]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DF82E92721952BEE7" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DF82E92721952BEE7" blockId="89.[2000,2596,948,1376]" lastBlockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
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||
Genetic data have placed
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF69692721424BF7E" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[2410,2596,1067,1100]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">E. hottentotus</taxonomicName>
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close to
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF7B1920F16BFBF41" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[2125,2239,1110,1139]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">E. bottae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF72F920F177FBF41" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1971" box="[2259,2431,1110,1139]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anatolicus">E. anatolicus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF62B920F1608BFA9" authorityName="Bobrinski" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ognevi">E. ognevi</taxonomicName>
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using nuclear genes, but mitochondrial genes place it sister to all or most (sometimes
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF7839294172DBFD8" box="[2175,2349,1229,1258]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">E. isabellinus</taxonomicName>
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is most basal) of the other sequenced Old World
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF65B92A9141CBE23" box="[2471,2588,1264,1297]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
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. Taxon pallidioris often recognized as a distinct subspecies, but morphological and genetic data show that it is best included under the nominate subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF666933F1423BEB5" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[2458,2595,1382,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">hottentotus</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym; however, genetic and morphological research is needed to validate this view. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA9793821684BDA9" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="distribution">
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||
<caption id="90EB6676FFA26A1DFA9793821684BDA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398208/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" targetBox="[1386,1977,958,1372]" targetPageId="89">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA97938218FCBECE" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" box="[1387,1788,1499,1532]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA97938218FCBECE" bold="true" box="[1387,1788,1499,1532]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA9690551418BD17" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" box="[1386,2584,1548,1573]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DFA9690551418BD17" authority="A. Smith, 1833" authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1833" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1386,2584,1548,1573]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hottentotus" subSpecies="hottentotus">E.h.hottentotusA.Smith,1833—SWAngola,WNamibia,andNW&SWSouthAfrica.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA9790761628BD41" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DFA9790761628BD41" authority="Roberts, 1946" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1946" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hottentotus" subSpecies="bensoni">E.h.bensoniRoberts,1946—NEZambia,SMalawi,NWMozambique,Zimbabwe,ESouthAfrica,andLesotho;probablyinSwaziland.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA9690231684BDA9" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" box="[1386,2180,1658,1691]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DFA96902319CFBDA9" authority="Schlitter & Aggundey, 1986" authorityName="Schlitter & Aggundey" authorityYear="1986" box="[1386,1999,1658,1691]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hottentotus" subSpecies="portavernus">E. h. portavernus Schlitter & Aggundey, 1986</taxonomicName>
|
||
— SW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF7D490231680BDA9" box="[2088,2176,1658,1691]" name="Kenya" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA9690FB1923B2BB" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA9690FB1923B2BB" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA9690FB1866BDF1" bold="true" box="[1386,1638,1698,1731]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body ¢.62-77 mm,tail 38-58 mm, ear 14-20 mm, hindfoot 9-11 mm, forearm 45-54 mm; weight 10-8-24-5 g. Males have slightly shorter forearm lengths than females on average (at least in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF82F90A91651BC23" box="[2003,2129,1776,1809]" name="Namibia" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Fur of the Long-tailed Serotine is sleek, soft, and dense; dorsal pelage is variable, ranging geographically from pale brown to nearly black, generally with silky sheen (hairs with dark bases and pale tips); ventral pelage is paler, generally with creamy sheen (basal two-thirds of hairs blackish brown and terminal one-third grayish brown with cream or whitish tips). Bare face and ears are dark brown to blackish, and membranes are brown to blackish brown, usually darkening as pelage darkens. Earsare relatively short, with rounded tips; tragus is about one-third the ear length, broadest part is at base, posterior margin is mostly straight but is smoothly convex near tip, and tip is rounded. Tail is of average length for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DFA629E0A1812B346" box="[1438,1554,2131,2164]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
despite the common name and extends a few millimeters past uropatagium; calcar has well-developed postcalcarial lobe. Baculum is short, roughly triangular with concave sides, and flat but with proximal end being thicker than distal end. Skull is large for an African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF9029E8B1972B3D9" box="[1790,1906,2258,2283]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; braincase is relatively low and narrow; rostrum is broad; forehead profile is straight; sagittal crest is slight; occipital helmet is present; and lambdoidal crests are well developed. I? is large and unicuspid (unlike many of its congeners); I” is minute; and lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 50 and FNa = 48.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA949FC91767B115" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA949FC91767B115" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA949FC91BD5B283" bold="true" box="[1384,1493,2448,2481]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primarily close to rivers in various surrounding habitats, such as woodland savannas, montane grasslands, marshlands, well-wooded banks, and even farmland. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF6139F991BB7B132" name="Namibia" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Long-tailed Serotines are known from permanent water sources surrounded by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DFA949C5F1BBDB115" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[1384,1469,2566,2599]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desert">desert</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they have been captured in the vicinity of cliffs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF7499C5F1763B115" box="[2229,2403,2566,2599]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA9B9C77141AB026" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA9B9C77141AB026" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA9B9C771869B17D" bold="true" box="[1383,1641,2606,2639]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Long-tailed Serotine probably forages by slow hawking in moderately vegetation cluttered areas and open areas. It is predicted to be a slow and maneuverable flier in vegetation clutter, becoming faster in more open areas. Fecal samples from six bats in West
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFA26A1DF95E9CFD1970B1F7" box="[1698,1904,2724,2757]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF8789CFD1636B1F7" box="[1924,2102,2724,2757]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, contained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF71F9CFD177DB1F7" box="[2275,2429,2724,2757]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(88:3% by mean percent volume),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF9419C891925B1DF" box="[1725,1829,2768,2797]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4:5%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFA26A1DF81B9C89167EB1DF" box="[2023,2174,2768,2797]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1:5%), along with some unknown arthropod (1%). Tympanate moths were also identified in diets in the same area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA9B9D431751B050" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA9B9D431751B050" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA9B9D431BEDB009" bold="true" box="[1383,1517,2842,2875]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Nine females captured in Mutoko district,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF79E9D4316F5B009" box="[2146,2293,2842,2875]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at the beginning of the hot wet season (mid-November) were heavily pregnant or lactating.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA999D3018C7B747" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA999D3018C7B747" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA999D301851B0B8" bold="true" box="[1381,1617,2921,2954]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Long-tailed Serotines roost by day in dry and wet caves, abandoned mines, small hollows in rocks, and outside wall of a building. Call frequencies in Soutpansberg, north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF8F89DE119B6B0EB" box="[1796,1974,3000,3033]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, had start frequencies of 54-69-8 kHz, end frequencies of 28-2-31-6 kHz, peak frequencies of 30-4-33-8 kHz, and durations of 2:6—4-1 milliseconds. Recordings from the same area in another study had similar results, with peak frequencies of 30-34 kHz, end frequencies of 28-32 kHz, and durations of 3—4 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA999ADB1418B7DF" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA999ADB1418B7DF" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA999ADB161CB7AD" bold="true" box="[1381,2076,3202,3231]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
[.ong-tailed Serotines are usuallyreported roosting alone or in groups of 2—4 individuals, with one record offive individuals in a single roost. When roosting in groups, they usually hang together in loose clusters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA26A1DFA9A9AAD1761B6B9" pageId="89" pageNumber="847" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA26A1DFA9A9AAD1761B6B9" blockId="89.[1381,2595,1382,3467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA26A1DFA9A9AAD18C2B627" bold="true" box="[1382,1730,3316,3349]" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Longtailed Serotine is widespread and does not appear to face any major threats. It is locally abundant throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF95F9B1A1932B656" box="[1699,1842,3395,3428]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
and much of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF8049B1A16A9B656" box="[2040,2217,3395,3428]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but it is considerably rare in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DFA759B331BEEB6B9" box="[1417,1518,3434,3467]" name="Angola" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFA26A1DF9CB9B33189AB6B9" box="[1591,1690,3434,3467]" name="Malawi" pageId="89" pageNumber="847">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It might be threatened bylocal roost disturbance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFA16A1EFF4E974E1B47BA95" pageId="90" pageNumber="848" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFA16A1EFF4E974E1B47BA95" blockId="90.[176,1380,279,428]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFA16A1EFF4E974E1F45BA02" bold="true" box="[178,325,279,304]" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
ACR (2018), Artyushin et al. (2018), Cotterill & Happold (2013h), Crawford-Cabral (1989), Juste et al. (2013), Kearney (2005), Kearney,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFA16A1EFDF097661C31BA6A" box="[524,561,319,344]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="90" pageNumber="848">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cakenberghe et al. (2008), Kearney, Volleth et al. (2002), Linden et al. (2014), Lynch (1994), McBee et al. (1987), Monadjem, Cotterill & Jacobs (2017), Monadjem, Tayloret al. (2010), Rautenbach (1982), Schlitter & Aggundey (1986), Schoeman & Jacobs (2003), Taylor (1998, 2000), Taylor, Sowler et al. (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |