191 lines
21 KiB
XML
191 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E8B22C766ED592F4C144F8314C45F118">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20639E11E6D73FED01B59AB669469181">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="651BF0085D0829C236044068D7F8AA35">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="EDF4E05C09F5388CAC47C377D6668126">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="A0629AAA6DBC3F90B9AB07C6EDF38D3C" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="BEF380445C8E1BED1AC5B1A5D11EA508">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D27849F116E19FD9F348CFD390276623">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="56C190D78BA2C346749BBDBD1E8ACEA8">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="E9A895967BE003986E0304279E134A49">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF9C6A23FA8A93A416E8B7F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403588" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403588" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF9C6A23FA8A93A416E8B7F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF9C6A23FA8A93A416E8B7F7" lastPageNumber="861" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8A93A41BC8BD15" box="[1398,1480,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8A93A41BC8BD15" blockId="103.[1396,2376,1533,1616]" box="[1398,1480,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23FA8A93A41BC8BD15" box="[1398,1480,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF9C6A23FA8A93A41BC8BD15" box="[1398,1480,1533,1575]" captionStart="Plate 63: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="97.[132,162,3286,3311]" captionTargetBox="[11,2745,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="202. Canyon Bat (Parastrellus hesperus), 203. Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus), 204. Van Gelder’s Bat (Bauerus dubiaquercus), 205. Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus), 206. Black-winged Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa tumida), 207. Yucatan Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa aenea), 208. Bickham’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa bickhami), 209. Menchu’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa menchuae), 210. Ecuadorian Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa velilla), 211. Tiny Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa minutilla), 212. Genoways’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa genowaysi), 213. Thomas's Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa io), 214. Northern Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa parvula), 215. Least Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa mira), 216. Allen’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa alleni), 217. Slender Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa gracilis), 218. Husson’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa hussoni), 219. Western Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus), 220. Caspian Barbastelle (Barbastella caspica), 221. Arabian Barbastelle (Barbastella leucomelas), 222. Eastern Barbastelle (Barbastella darjelingensis), 223. Japanese Barbastelle (Barbastella pacifica), 224. Beijing Barbastelle (Barbastella beijingensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398525/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">221.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA2A93A41970BD15" box="[1494,1904,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA2A93A41970BD15" blockId="103.[1396,2376,1533,1616]" box="[1494,1904,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23FA2A93A41970BD15" box="[1494,1904,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23FA2A93A41970BD15" ID-CoL="KM7L" baseAuthorityName="Cretzschmar" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1494,1904,1533,1575]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">Arabian Barbastelle</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23F85893A41747BD15" box="[1956,2375,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23F85893A41747BD15" blockId="103.[1396,2376,1533,1616]" box="[1956,2375,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23F85893A41747BD15" box="[1956,2375,1533,1575]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF9C6A23F85893A41747BD15" ID-CoL="KM7L" baseAuthorityName="Cretzschmar" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1956,2375,1533,1575]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F85893A41747BD15" box="[1956,2375,1533,1575]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Barbastella leucomelas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA89906E1746BD7E" box="[1397,2374,1591,1612]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA89906E1746BD7E" blockId="103.[1396,2376,1533,1616]" box="[1397,2374,1591,1612]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23FA89906E1746BD7E" box="[1397,2374,1591,1612]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA89906E1BC1BD7E" bold="true" box="[1397,1473,1591,1612]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23FA36906E188FBD7E" ID-CoL="KM7L" baseAuthorityName="Cretzschmar" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1482,1679,1591,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
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Barbastelle du
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF9C6A23F99C906E188FBD7E" box="[1632,1679,1591,1612]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Sinai</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F95F906E18FDBD7E" bold="true" box="[1699,1789,1591,1612]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23F8F9906E1618BD7E" ID-CoL="KM7L" baseAuthorityName="Cretzschmar" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1797,2072,1591,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">Arabische Mopsfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F7D2906E1689BD7E" bold="true" box="[2094,2185,1591,1612]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23F76F906E1746BD7E" ID-CoL="KM7L" baseAuthorityName="Cretzschmar" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[2195,2374,1591,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23F76F906E16F9BD7E" ID-CoL="KM7L" baseAuthorityName="Cretzschmar" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[2195,2297,1591,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">Barbastela</vernacularName>
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arabica
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23F82590221669BDF1" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23F82590221669BDF1" blockId="103.[2008,2601,1659,2086]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F82590221674BDAE" bold="true" box="[2009,2164,1659,1692]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF9C6A23F77790221664BDF1" ID-CoL="8LJ7N" authority="Cretzschmar, 1826" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">Vespertilio leucomelas Cretzschmar, 1826</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23F78890FF1720BDF1" box="[2164,2336,1702,1731]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23F78890FF1720BDF1" blockId="103.[2008,2601,1659,2086]" box="[2164,2336,1702,1731]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF9C6A23F78890FF1720BDF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319741" box="[2164,2336,1702,1731]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF9C6A23F78890FF16BABDF1" box="[2164,2234,1702,1731]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Sinai</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF9C6A23F73790FF171CBDF1" box="[2251,2332,1702,1731]" name="Egypt" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23F82590901792BDD8" box="[2009,2450,1737,1770]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23F82590901792BDD8" blockId="103.[2008,2601,1659,2086]" box="[2009,2450,1737,1770]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF9C6A23F82590901608BDD8" box="[2009,2056,1737,1770]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">See</collectingRegion>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF9C6A23F7EF909016E5BDD8" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[2067,2277,1737,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">B. darjelingensis</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23F82490A817FBBC20" box="[2008,2555,1777,1810]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF9C6A23F82490A817FBBC20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398277" box="[2008,2555,1777,1810]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398277/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" targetBox="[1393,1984,1665,2079]" targetPageId="103">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23F82490A817FBBC20" blockId="103.[2008,2601,1659,2086]" box="[2008,2555,1777,1810]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F82490A81688BC20" bold="true" box="[2008,2184,1777,1810]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF9C6A23F76890A816E3BC20" box="[2196,2275,1777,1810]" name="Egypt" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF9C6A23F70590A81740BC20" box="[2297,2368,1777,1810]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Sinai</collectingRegion>
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||
) and
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||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF9C6A23F66A90A817F8BC20" box="[2454,2552,1777,1810]" name="Eritrea" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23F824914116B3B2BA" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23F824914116B3B2BA" blockId="103.[2008,2601,1659,2086]" lastBlockId="103.[1393,2602,2092,3269]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F824914116D9BC0B" bold="true" box="[2008,2265,1816,1849]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
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Head-body c.
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF9C6A23F64E91411421BC0B" box="[2482,2593,1816,1849]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF9C6A23F7E9911D16ADBC53" box="[2069,2221,1860,1889]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="19.0">19-20 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF9C6A23F703911D1797BC53" box="[2303,2455,1860,1889]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12-15 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF9C6A23F82591351656BCBB" box="[2009,2134,1900,1929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm 38-
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF9C6A23F6D8913517B1BCBB" box="[2340,2481,1900,1929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="7.0">7-45 mm</quantity>
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; weight c.9-
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF9C6A23F7F491D6163DBC82" box="[2056,2109,1935,1968]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
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||
. Dorsal fur is silky and blackish, brownish, or grayish, usually with golden hair tips, giving a frosted appearance; ventral fur is slightly lighter or whitish. Ears broad, squarish, short, andjoined across forehead; tragus pointed, triangular, one-half of ear height, covered by fine hairs, and without rounded lobe on outer lower margin present in the Western Barbastelle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF9C6A23F8959E261629B3AE" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1897,2089,2175,2204]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbastellus">B. barbastellus</taxonomicName>
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). Muzzle short and broad, surrounded by large glandular mass, densely haired, extending to upperlip, behind nostril pad. Wings usually pale brown, broad, and attached at base of first toe; calcar slender with small keel. Claw small and slender. Baculum wider than in the Western Barbastelle, with lanceolate shape in dorsal view. Skull rather long with rounded braincase; zygomatic arch weak and slender, without marked dorsal curvature; lambdoid crest weakly developed. P? is almost completely hidden along tooth row.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8F9FD61426B282" box="[1395,2598,2447,2480]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8F9FD61426B282" blockId="103.[1393,2602,2092,3269]" box="[1395,2598,2447,2480]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8F9FD61BE2B282" bold="true" box="[1395,1506,2447,2480]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Probably deserts and mountains. Has been found foraging in riparian forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8F9FEF19E8B2E5" box="[1395,2024,2486,2519]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8F9FEF19E8B2E5" blockId="103.[1393,2602,2092,3269]" box="[1395,2024,2486,2519]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8F9FEF1878B2E5" bold="true" box="[1395,1656,2486,2519]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Feeds on moths and ants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8F9F8719CAB114" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8F9F8719CAB114" blockId="103.[1393,2602,2092,3269]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8F9F871BF9B2CD" bold="true" box="[1395,1529,2526,2559]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Maternity colonies are usually small, containing up to c¢.10 females. The Arabian Barbastelle can give birth to twins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8D9C741BFBB09D" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8D9C741BFBB09D" blockId="103.[1393,2602,2092,3269]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8D9C741863B17C" bold="true" box="[1393,1635,2605,2638]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Thought to emerge late at night, but foraging patterns unknown. The species roosts in caves, mines, tunnels, rock crevices, or hollow trees, or under bark. Echolocation is similar to that of other barbastelle bats, which alternate two signal types, one with a convex frequency, followed by a concave pulse at a different frequency. Details from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF9C6A23F9299C9219B4B1DE" box="[1749,1972,2763,2796]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Sinai Peninsula</collectingRegion>
|
||
were: (type A calls, short FM signals) start frequencies 35-9-41-9 kHz, frequencies of maximum energy 32:4-37-2 kHz, end frequencies 25-1-31-5 kHz, and durations 2-1-4-4 milliseconds; (type B calls, convex frequency-time course) start frequencies 43-7-46-9 kHz, frequencies of maximum energy 38-2-45-1 kHz, end frequencies 25-9-40-7 kHz, and durations 4-18-8 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8E9DEE1425B732" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8E9DEE1425B732" blockId="103.[1393,2602,2092,3269]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8E9DEE1638B0EA" bold="true" box="[1394,2104,2999,3032]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Thought to be solitary. Males and females seem to roost separately; small clusters are formed only in the breeding season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8E9A5F188CB747" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8E9A5F188CB747" blockId="103.[1393,2602,2092,3269]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8E9A5F18D6B715" bold="true" box="[1394,1750,3078,3111]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Recent taxonomic changes mean the species has a much more restricted range;its status requires reassessment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8E9ADF16E8B7F7" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8E9ADF16E8B7F7" blockId="103.[1393,2602,2092,3269]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8E9ADF180BB7AD" bold="true" box="[1394,1547,3206,3231]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Benda & Mlikovsky (2008), Benda, Dietz et al. (2008), Dietz & Kiefer (2016), Kruskop (2015), Monadjem, Tsytsulina et al. (2017), Simmons (2005), Zhang Jinshuo et al. (2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |