226 lines
26 KiB
XML
226 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="86F012392B50759F668A1343D37931DE" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF986A27FF8B94291A7AB02E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rhogeessa tumida H. Allen 1866" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="857" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="857" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="942001D66F3B620044FAAADBD1AE3DE9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="193F7F75BAC20D90C2E374301B369B32">
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<mods:title id="256D88B9265CBDF324EE6BB7FE91E2DA">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="333FB23B0302C90CD48934D661574D22" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AFE25489EF9E2A8780CB5E873D943F46">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="353CCFC345A4AD0148DE71D5A9020378">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="86AFB7C978FA336AAD7329046E6DFD55" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E32DCAAD9CB30038F5A24C127B9AF285">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5CA2BF67FE9AFE3C33FBA03DCD6AE47F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="375A87C472A5EE8085E921021B6387FE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="40A5C8EF994FC5E35CA2FBE49DEBD32B">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="C2D8F2892680BB7B4BC24E74D1025254" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="C56C85F956C2BE65F7D9F8AE4C233A24">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="12BCB1BB998A7DBB4868B28748C1304B">
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<mods:placeTerm id="B2191F23D9A8E062FE0E10A932AE0E67">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9D75383E6B998946F661A25DC5D8532F">
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<mods:title id="91A48527AB38228AE59600C12C7A582C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="91A27545438A803CF36FA26FC2A68C43">
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<mods:extent id="918F3050F1AA64740966C1FD1E400086" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E25EFA1EF2124FE9C8044903FCD80A08">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="63524B7C2DCC535F09C97C97C30198B0">981</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="32D601B2AB404789923B1B5A4AFD283C">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F36B7BAF4910978A51FDDF3D087201A2" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF986A27FF8B94291A7AB02E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567091" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628377" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF986A27FF8B94291A7AB02E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF986A27FF8B94291A7AB02E" lastPageNumber="857" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8B94291EC9B990" box="[119,201,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8B94291EC9B990" blockId="99.[116,1228,624,752]" box="[119,201,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<heading id="9F638192FF986A27FF8B94291EC9B990" box="[119,201,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF986A27FF8B94291EC9B990" box="[119,201,624,674]" captionStart="Plate 63: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="97.[132,162,3286,3311]" captionTargetBox="[11,2745,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="202. Canyon Bat (Parastrellus hesperus), 203. Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus), 204. Van Gelder’s Bat (Bauerus dubiaquercus), 205. Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus), 206. Black-winged Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa tumida), 207. Yucatan Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa aenea), 208. Bickham’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa bickhami), 209. Menchu’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa menchuae), 210. Ecuadorian Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa velilla), 211. Tiny Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa minutilla), 212. Genoways’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa genowaysi), 213. Thomas's Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa io), 214. Northern Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa parvula), 215. Least Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa mira), 216. Allen’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa alleni), 217. Slender Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa gracilis), 218. Husson’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa hussoni), 219. Western Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus), 220. Caspian Barbastelle (Barbastella caspica), 221. Arabian Barbastelle (Barbastella leucomelas), 222. Eastern Barbastelle (Barbastella darjelingensis), 223. Japanese Barbastelle (Barbastella pacifica), 224. Beijing Barbastelle (Barbastella beijingensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398525/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">206.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF2694291D4AB990" box="[218,842,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF2694291D4AB990" blockId="99.[116,1228,624,752]" box="[218,842,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<heading id="9F638192FF986A27FF2694291D4AB990" box="[218,842,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF986A27FF2694291D4AB990" ID-CoL="4SJVH" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[218,842,624,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">Black-winged Little Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FC7294291ACCB990" box="[910,1228,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FC7294291ACCB990" blockId="99.[116,1228,624,752]" box="[910,1228,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<heading id="9F638192FF986A27FC7294291ACCB990" box="[910,1228,624,674]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FC7294291ACCB990" ID-CoL="4SJVH" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[910,1228,624,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FC7294291ACCB990" box="[910,1228,624,674]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Rhogeessa tumida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8A94EA1C8FB9DD" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8A94EA1AC8B9FA" blockId="99.[116,1228,624,752]" box="[118,1224,691,712]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<heading id="9F638192FF986A27FF8A94EA1AC8B9FA" box="[118,1224,691,712]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8A94EA1EC2B9FA" bold="true" box="[118,194,691,712]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF986A27FF3794EA1FC4B9FA" ID-CoL="4SJVH" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[203,452,691,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">Rhogeessa a ailes noires</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FE2494EA1C32B9FA" bold="true" box="[472,562,691,712]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF986A27FDC094EA1D6DB9FA" ID-CoL="4SJVH" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[572,877,691,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">Schwarzfligel-Gelbfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FC7E94EA1DDDB9FA" bold="true" box="[898,989,691,712]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF986A27FC1B94EA1AC8B9FA" ID-CoL="4SJVH" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[999,1224,691,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF986A27FC1B94EA1A2FB9FA" ID-CoL="4SJVH" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[999,1071,691,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">Rogesa</vernacularName>
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de alas negras
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8A94831C8FB9DD" blockId="99.[116,1228,624,752]" box="[118,655,730,751]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<heading id="9F638192FF986A27FF8A94831C8FB9DD" box="[118,655,730,751]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8A94831F6DB9DD" bold="true" box="[118,365,730,751]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF986A27FE8A94831C8FB9DD" ID-CoL="4SJVH" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[374,655,730,751]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">Central American Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FD2695471D24B855" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FD2695471D24B855" blockId="99.[730,1322,798,1226]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FD2695471D76B80D" bold="true" box="[730,886,798,831]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FC6E95471D20B855" ID-CoL="4SJVH" authority="H. Allen, 1866" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">Rhogeessa tumida H. Allen, 1866</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FCCC95131ADDB855" box="[816,1245,842,871]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FCCC95131ADDB855" blockId="99.[730,1322,798,1226]" box="[816,1245,842,871]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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||
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF986A27FCCC95131ADDB855" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864671302" box="[816,1245,842,871]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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“Mirador [
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FC3995131A4AB855" box="[965,1098,842,871]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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],
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF986A27FB9E95131ACFB855" box="[1122,1231,842,871]" name="Mexico" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FD2795341A74BFC3" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FD2795341A74BFC3" blockId="99.[730,1322,798,1226]" lastBlockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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Previously listed as a race of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FB7395341B23B8BC" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[1167,1315,877,910]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvula">R. parvula</taxonomicName>
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. Until recently included
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FBB895CD1AE4B887" box="[1092,1252,916,949]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bickhami">R. bickhami</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FD27959D1D89B8EF" box="[731,905,964,989]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menchuae">R. menchuae</taxonomicName>
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, which were split based on mitochondrial and nuclear genetic distances; the distances between
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FB6592561B22BF1E" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[1177,1314,1039,1068]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumida">R. tumida</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FD2792621D50BF66" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[731,848,1083,1108]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aenea">R. aenea</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FC5592621A54BF66" box="[937,1108,1083,1108]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menchuae">R. menchuae</taxonomicName>
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were low, and suggest that the first two might be treated as synonyms, although karyological and morphological data do not support this;
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF986A27FF8992891EE3BFC3" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[117,227,1232,1265]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aenea">R. aenea</taxonomicName>
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appears to be the most recently evolved of the three. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8F92AE1B26BE2A" box="[115,1318,1271,1304]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="90EB6676FF986A27FF8F92AE1B26BE2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398246" box="[115,1318,1271,1304]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398246/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" targetBox="[115,707,806,1221]" targetPageId="99">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8F92AE1B26BE2A" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" box="[115,1318,1271,1304]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8F92AE1F24BE2A" bold="true" box="[115,292,1271,1304]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Atlantic coast of
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF986A27FDEA92AE1C7EBE2A" box="[534,638,1271,1304]" name="Mexico" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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||
, from
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FD2592AE1D79BE2A" box="[729,889,1271,1304]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
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||
S to C
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FC2792AE1A4ABE2A" box="[987,1098,1271,1304]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
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||
and N
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FB4D92AE1B22BE2A" box="[1201,1314,1271,1304]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8F937B1B25BCA2" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8F937B1B25BCA2" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8F937B1F69BE0D" bold="true" box="[115,361,1314,1343]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FDCC937B1CC6BE0D" box="[560,710,1314,1343]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="36.0">36—44 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FCEF937B1DA7BE0D" box="[787,935,1314,1343]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="27.0">27-35 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 11-14-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FBBB937B1A9EBE0D" box="[1095,1182,1314,1343]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 6-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FF6C931F1F00BE55" box="[144,256,1350,1383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 27-5-31-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FE02931F1C51BE55" box="[510,593,1350,1383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FD39931F1D0FBE55" box="[709,783,1350,1383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="g" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3-5 g</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal fur bicolored, with buff-gray to buff-yellow bases and fuscous-black to pinkish-cinnamon tips (bases and tips not always contrasted); ventral fur unicolored or with buff-brown to light ocherous-buff tips and slightly paler bases; hairs are
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FE0793E51C68BEEF" box="[507,616,1468,1501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (sometimes up to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FC5693E51DFEBEEF" box="[938,1022,1468,1501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Ears short and triangular, with rounded tips; tragus long with rounded tip. In male, prominent odoriferous glands are present on dorsal side of lower pinna. Uropatagium is almost naked, furred only at base; wing membranes also naked and relatively thick; calcar well developed, extending a little over free margin of uropatagium, with developed keel. Skull inclined vertically from anterior border of nasal to occiput, without horizontal portions; sagittal crest present or absent; braincase low; helmet formed by sagittal (if present) and occipital crests is found above occiput region. Lingual cingulum of C' has two small cusps, differing from other congeners, which have smooth canines; I, has smaller cusps than I,, and is about same size or slightly smaller than I. Dental formula for all species of Rhogeessais11/3,C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 34 and FN = 50, with a subtelocentric X-chromosome and a metacentric Y-chromosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8E91CF1FA3B366" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8E91CF1FA3B366" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8E91CF1EE1BC85" bold="true" box="[114,225,1942,1975]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
All major tropical vegetation associations in North America, notably evergreen forests, subdeciduous forests, deciduous forests, open areas, and villages; commonest in slightly disturbed deciduous forests. Sometimes associated with small streams, along trails in ravines, and around trees in anthropic areas. Occurs from sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FB469E4C1B20B31C" box="[1210,1312,2069,2094]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
, typically below
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FEB49E6A1FA0B366" box="[328,416,2099,2132]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8E9E021D90B34E" box="[114,912,2139,2172]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8E9E021D90B34E" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" box="[114,912,2139,2172]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8E9E021F78B34E" bold="true" box="[114,376,2139,2172]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Insectivorous;flies low along streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8E9EDA1F8FB3C0" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8E9EDA1F8FB3C0" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8E9EDA1EF8B396" bold="true" box="[114,248,2179,2212]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant females have been captured in May in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FC529EDA1A21B396" box="[942,1057,2179,2212]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Lactating females April to June in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FEA69EF21FC4B3FE" box="[346,452,2219,2252]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FE289EF21C46B3FE" box="[468,582,2219,2252]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FDAB9EF21CF9B3FE" box="[599,761,2219,2252]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF986A27FCBB9EF21DC6B3FE" box="[839,966,2219,2252]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Juveniles were captured from May to August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8C9EA31F6DB2ED" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8C9EA31F6DB2ED" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8C9EA31F5CB229" bold="true" box="[112,348,2298,2331]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Nocturnal; shows two peaks of activity, one in first hour after sunset and second an hour before dawn. It seems to use torporas a response to acute thermal stress, but data are lacking on limits of torpor depth and duration. Roostsites include tree branches, hollow trees, and buildings. Echolocation calls are short, broadband, and with maximum energy at frequencies of 50-60 kHz and lowest energy at frequencies of 40-50 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8D9FBF1A93B135" box="[113,1171,2534,2567]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8D9FBF1A93B135" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" box="[113,1171,2534,2567]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8D9FBF1D2EB135" bold="true" box="[113,814,2534,2567]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
May form large colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8D9C571A1AB14F" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8D9C571A1AB14F" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8D9C571FD9B11D" bold="true" box="[113,473,2574,2607]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Widespread but not abundant and generally considered rare. It occurs in protected areas and appears to be tolerant to some degree of habitat modification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF986A27FF8D9CD41A7AB02E" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF986A27FF8D9CD41A7AB02E" blockId="99.[112,1322,1232,2844]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF986A27FF8D9CD41F0AB194" bold="true" box="[113,266,2701,2726]" pageId="99" pageNumber="857">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen (1866), Alvarez-Castafieda & Gonzalez-Ruiz (2018), Arroyo-Cabrales & Baker (
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF986A27FB6E9CD41AD3B194" box="[1170,1235,2701,2726]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.014" pageId="99" pageNumber="857" unit="g" value="2014.0">2014g</quantity>
|
||
), Baird, Hillis et al. (2008, 2009), Baird, Marchan-Rivadeneira et al. (2012), Bickham & Baker (1977), Emmons & Feer 1997), Genoways & Baker (1996b), Hall (1981), Hall & Dalquest (1963), Hall & Kelson (1959), Jones, Smith & Turner (1971), LaVal (1973a), Miller et al. (2016b), Reid (2009), Simmons (2005), Vonhof (2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |