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<document id="09974AD3E7DE805209377BF0733CF4DA" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF906A2FFF8B9CEC17ABBDF3" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Plecotus teneriffae Barrett-Hamilton 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="865" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="865" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="C58E79E11239F07101257F2CC00CF266" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="97FFFB0C03D36F02BAB3881C28CED1DE">
<mods:title id="7085324AF43D90E6DF3F5DE6FA24C978">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C90AC1D42F15E39B7A5C9E54B3E63C91">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="006ACF9852BC15FD6DC9D65EC77D1A94">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="97E17DBDF7F03656B7E2B497520EF4F9">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="BB0E03EC7D067D476514E982C62BEB34">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="220AE2D36F6D7AF2C383DE4AFBEB05FE">
<mods:title id="2A8014E751660648E4451A998D17A954">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF906A2FFF8B9CEC17ABBDF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403598" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403598" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF906A2FFF8B9CEC17ABBDF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF906A2FFF8B9CEC17ABBDF3" lastPageNumber="865" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFF8B9CEC1EC9B1D5" box="[119,201,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFF8B9CEC1EC9B1D5" blockId="107.[116,1086,2741,2874]" box="[119,201,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<heading id="9F638192FF906A2FFF8B9CEC1EC9B1D5" box="[119,201,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF906A2FFF8B9CEC1EC9B1D5" box="[119,201,2741,2791]" captionStart="Plate 64: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="107.[117,147,3280,3305]" captionTargetBox="[11,2760,17,3656]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="225. Gray Long-eared Bat (Plecotus austriacus), 226. Canary Long-eared Bat (Plecotus teneriffae), 227. Gaisler’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus gaisleri), 228. Christie’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus christii), 229. Mediterranean Long-eared Bat (Plecotus kolombatovici), 230. Ethiopian Long-eared Bat (Plecotus balensis), 231. Turkmen Long-eared Bat (Plecotus turkmenicus), 232. Strelkov’s Long-eared (Bat Plecotusstrelkovi), 233. Ognev’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus ognevi), 234. Kozlov’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus kozlovi), 235. Sichuan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus ariel), 236. Himalayan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus homochrous), 237. Taiwan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus taivanus), 238. Japanese Long-eared Bat (Plecotus sacrimontis), 239. Ward’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus wardi), 240. Alpine Long-eared Bat (Plecotus macrobullaris), 241. Sardinian Long-eared Bat (Plecotus sardus), 242. Brown Long-eared Bat (Plecotus auritus), 243. Desert Long-eared Bat (Otonycteris hemprichii), 244. Turkestani Long-eared Bat (Otonycteris leucophaea), 245. Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), 246. Townsend's Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), 247. Mexican Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus mexicanus), 248. Allen’s Big-eared Bat (Idionycteris phyllotis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398533/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">226.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFF279CEC1CBDB1D5" box="[219,701,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFF279CEC1CBDB1D5" blockId="107.[116,1086,2741,2874]" box="[219,701,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<heading id="9F638192FF906A2FFF279CEC1CBDB1D5" box="[219,701,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF906A2FFF279CEC1CBDB1D5" ID-CoL="77QV2" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[219,701,2741,2791]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">Canary Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFD039CEC1A3EB1D5" box="[767,1086,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFD039CEC1A3EB1D5" blockId="107.[116,1086,2741,2874]" box="[767,1086,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<heading id="9F638192FF906A2FFD039CEC1A3EB1D5" box="[767,1086,2741,2791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FFD039CEC1A3EB1D5" ID-CoL="77QV2" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[767,1086,2741,2791]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFD039CEC1A3EB1D5" box="[767,1086,2741,2791]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Plecotus teneriffae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFF8A9CA11D43B006" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFF8A9CA11DC9B03F" blockId="107.[116,1086,2741,2874]" box="[118,969,2808,2829]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<heading id="9F638192FF906A2FFF8A9CA11DC9B03F" box="[118,969,2808,2829]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFF8A9CA11EC1B03F" bold="true" box="[118,193,2808,2829]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF906A2FFF369CA11F91B03F" ID-CoL="77QV2" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[202,401,2808,2829]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">Oreillard de Tenerife</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFE599CA11C00B03F" bold="true" box="[421,512,2808,2829]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF906A2FFDF99CA11CB3B03F" ID-CoL="77QV2" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[517,691,2808,2829]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">Teneriffa-Langohr</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFD349CA11D23B03F" bold="true" box="[712,803,2808,2829]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF906A2FFCD09CA11DC9B03F" ID-CoL="77QV2" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[812,969,2808,2829]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF906A2FFCD09CA11D7BB03F" ID-CoL="77QV2" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[812,891,2808,2829]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">Orejudo</vernacularName>
canario
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFF899D461D43B006" blockId="107.[116,1086,2741,2874]" box="[117,835,2847,2868]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<heading id="9F638192FF906A2FFF899D461D43B006" box="[117,835,2847,2868]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFF899D461F6CB006" bold="true" box="[117,364,2847,2868]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF906A2FFE8A9D461C4AB006" ID-CoL="77QV2" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[374,586,2847,2868]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">Canary Big-eared Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF906A2FFDA89D461D43B006" ID-CoL="77QV2" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[596,835,2847,2868]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">Tenerife Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFF889D321D56B0B6" box="[116,854,2923,2948]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFF889D321D56B0B6" blockId="107.[115,1322,2922,3195]" box="[116,854,2923,2948]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFF889D321F10B0B6" bold="true" box="[116,272,2923,2948]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FFEE09D321D51B0B6" ID-CoL="77QV2" authority="Barrett-Hamilton, 1907" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[284,849,2923,2948]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">Plecotus teneriffae Barrett-Hamilton, 1907</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFC9F9D321C48B098" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFC9F9D321C48B098" blockId="107.[115,1322,2922,3195]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF906A2FFC9F9D321C48B098" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319556" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
“Orotava [= La Orotava], Teneriffe [= Tenerife],”
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF906A2FFE8A9DD41C45B098" box="[374,581,2957,2986]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFF899DEB1A87B742" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFF899DEB1A87B742" blockId="107.[115,1322,2922,3195]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
Previously included in
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FFE479DEB1C3AB0E1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[443,570,2994,3027]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">P. auritus</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FFD909DEB1D12B0E1" authorityName="J. B. Fischer" authorityYear="1829" box="[620,786,2994,3027]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="austriacus">P. austriacus</taxonomicName>
, but split on morphological grounds. No significant genetic differences were found within the Canary Islands. There are populations of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FFEB69A591FB0B713" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[330,432,3072,3105]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plecotus</taxonomicName>
along the
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF906A2FFDB89A591CB1B713" box="[580,689,3072,3105]" name="Senegal" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Senegal</collectingCountry>
River in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF906A2FFCCD9A591D9EB713" box="[817,926,3072,3105]" name="Senegal" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Senegal</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF906A2FFBE09A591ABEB713" box="[1052,1214,3072,3105]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Islands that were thought to be related to
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FFDA69A711CEEB77B" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityYear="1907" box="[602,750,3112,3145]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teneriffae">P. teneriffae</taxonomicName>
, but they likely are a distinct species and are not included here under any currently recognized species. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FF82097441653BAB6" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF906A2FF82097441653BAB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398287/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" targetBox="[1397,1989,286,700]" targetPageId="107">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FF82097441653BAB6" blockId="107.[2010,2607,285,703]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FF82097441688BA04" bold="true" box="[2012,2184,285,310]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Distribution.</emphasis>
Canary Is, on Tenerife, La Palma, and El Hierro; probably also La Gomera.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FF82797D319EBB83F" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FF82797D319EBB83F" blockId="107.[2010,2607,285,703]" lastBlockId="107.[1396,2606,709,1729]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FF82797D316D6BA99" bold="true" box="[2011,2262,394,427]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head—-body
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF906A2FF67397D31425BA99" box="[2447,2597,394,427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="45.0">45-55 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF906A2FF7EB97EF16B4BAE1" box="[2071,2228,438,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" unit="mm" value="48.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="44.0">44-52 mm</quantity>
, ear
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF906A2FF6F497EF17A4BAE1" box="[2312,2468,438,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="33.0">33-40 mm</quantity>
, forearm 40-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF906A2FF7F197801694BAC8" box="[2061,2196,473,506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="1.0">1-46 mm</quantity>
. Females tend to be larger than males. Fur dark brown or gray on dorsum, and paler bright whitish on belly. It has closer genetic affinities with the Gray Long-eared Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF6DA942E17D0B9AA" authorityName="J. B. Fischer" authorityYear="1829" box="[2342,2512,631,664]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="austriacus">P. austriacus</taxonomicName>
) than with the Brown Long-eared Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF63494C71BA2B9D4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">P. auritus</taxonomicName>
), but morphologically it is very similar to the Brown Long-eared Bat. Dental formula is12/3,C1/1,P2/3,M 3/3 (x2) = 36.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFA8A954D1427B86E" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFA8A954D1427B86E" blockId="107.[1396,2606,709,1729]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFA8A954D1BE1B807" bold="true" box="[1398,1505,788,821]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Habitat.</emphasis>
Coniferous and deciduous or mixed woodlands at elevations of up to
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF906A2FF642954D1426B807" box="[2494,2598,788,821]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
; also found in many other habitats, including semi-open and more desertic or rocky areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFA8A953A192EBF13" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFA8A953A192EBF13" blockId="107.[1396,2606,709,1729]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFA8A953A1884B8B6" bold="true" box="[1398,1668,867,900]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Feeds mostly on
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF875953A1638B8B6" box="[1929,2104,867,900]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
(moths), including
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF69F953A17BFB8B6" box="[2403,2495,867,900]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Noctua</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF62F953A1426B8B6" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[2515,2598,867,900]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euxoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euxoa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FFA8A95D61BD0B89E" box="[1398,1488,911,940]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Agrotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agrotis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FFA1A95D6186AB89E" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" box="[1510,1642,911,940]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Caradrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caradrina</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF98295D619B9B89E" authority=", Calliteara" authorityName="Calliteara" box="[1662,1977,911,940]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paranataelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paranataelia, Calliteara</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF83395D6161EB89E" box="[1999,2078,911,940]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cleora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cleora</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF78495D616E5B89E" authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1825" box="[2168,2277,911,940]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gnophos</taxonomicName>
; also takes
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF67395D6142CB89E" box="[2447,2604,911,940]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
(long-horned beetles) and some
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF906A2FF8BA95E819B2B8E0" box="[1862,1970,945,978]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
. Main foraging strategy is gleaning, although it can also capture prey by aerial-hawking low down. Occasionally hunts over forest canopy, and over small streams.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFA89927117FCBF8D" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFA89927117FCBF8D" blockId="107.[1396,2606,709,1729]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFA8992711BFBBF7B" bold="true" box="[1397,1531,1064,1097]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Breeding.</emphasis>
Maternity colonies usually harbor a few tens (up to 60). Currently only two breeding colonies are known, and data on reproductive patterns are available from just one cave. On La Palma, pregnant females have been found in May. Females give birth in June, and some young start to fly in July. Mating seemsto start in late September.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFA8892971428BE07" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFA8892971428BE07" blockId="107.[1396,2606,709,1729]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFA8892971859BFD5" bold="true" box="[1396,1625,1230,1255]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Tends to roost in volcanic tubes, caves, and crevices in old houses or in rocky areas; use of tree holes and bat boxes has never been recorded. Uses network of caves and underground sites for resting during night; activity patternsstill poorly known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFA89936517E8BE9E" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFA89936517E8BE9E" blockId="107.[1396,2606,709,1729]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFA8993651635BE6F" bold="true" box="[1397,2101,1340,1373]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Sedentary. Reported to move from main breeding cave to alternative roosts, probably in cliffs of rocky areas. No long movements reported; maximum distances of
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF906A2FF80893D21659BE9E" box="[2036,2137,1419,1452]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" unit="km" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5-6 km</quantity>
reported within two islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFA8993EB187BBD7A" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFA8993EB187BBD7A" blockId="107.[1396,2606,709,1729]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFA8993EB18D3BEE1" bold="true" box="[1397,1747,1458,1491]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Major threats include pesticides, and in 1950s populations declined after widespread aerial fumigation; also habitatloss, and roost disturbance or destruction. Total population may number 500-2000.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF906A2FFA89900017ABBDF3" pageId="107" pageNumber="865" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF906A2FFA89900017ABBDF3" blockId="107.[1396,2606,709,1729]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF906A2FFA899000180EBD40" bold="true" box="[1397,1550,1625,1650]" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Benda, Kiefer et al. (2004), Benzal &amp;
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF906A2FF857900019F8BD40" box="[1963,2040,1625,1650]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Fajardo" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Fajardo</collectingRegion>
(1999), Dietz &amp; Kiefer (2016), Hutterer et al. (2005), Ibanez &amp; Fernandez (1985), Juste &amp; Alcalde (2016b), Juste et al. (2004), Pacifici et al. (2013), Pestano, Brown, Suarez, Benzal &amp;
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF906A2FF9CB90F11884BDF3" box="[1591,1668,1704,1729]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Fajardo" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Fajardo</collectingRegion>
(2003), Spitzenberger et al. (2006),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF906A2FF7F190F11650BDF3" box="[2061,2128,1704,1729]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
(2002),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF906A2FF75590F116ECBDF3" box="[2217,2284,1704,1729]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="107" pageNumber="865">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
&amp; Barone (1991).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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