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<document id="77886F0C229247E52CB9958DEC91F387" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF806A3FFF809C0E1612B303" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lasiurus intermedius H. Allen 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="881" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="881" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="0232F7939069D98C0E2A4BD3A990AA15" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="67B2E296002E3FE55D33A8CDC8C84380">
<mods:title id="82DAB3F466B597AC8621817069D55459">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="96C5F5306DBFA367CD7BAF33D53E6CBF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1228FD5C5E02CE8FEE2D29F4A1369FEE">
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<mods:namePart id="30E9AB555976056C01693DA2AFB5AAA4">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C022B02FBB7A7C833C504830C849B0D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="6C9A12298ECC875370FA6ABC979655DB">2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="7AA5969456554C094CD46B7646E5AE6A" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="8A515942B9329F7955FBE8794E8CD0A0">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="B798FF475B22D8C2988F12F1C9C52C32">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="EC961C1607D88028777FDD48E686BC54">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="0BD48C7ADBDAD50D5370EBADC9EBB122">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF806A3FFF809C0E1612B303" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403653" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF806A3FFF809C0E1612B303" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF806A3FFF809C0E1612B303" lastPageNumber="881" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFF809C0E1ECEB1B3" box="[124,206,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFF809C0E1ECEB1B3" blockId="123.[121,1177,2647,2768]" box="[124,206,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<heading id="9F638192FF806A3FFF809C0E1ECEB1B3" box="[124,206,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF806A3FFF809C0E1ECEB1B3" box="[124,206,2647,2689]" captionStart="Plate 65: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="117.[124,154,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[11,2761,18,3657]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="249. Spotted Bat (Euderma maculatum), 250. Big Red Bat (Lasiurus egregius), 251. Southern Hoary Bat (Lasiurus villosissimus), 252. Northern Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus), 253. Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus semotus), 254. Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis), 255. Pleiffer's Red Bat (Lasiurus pfeifferi), 256. Seminole Bat (Lasiurus seminolus), 257. Greater Red Bat (Lasiurus atratus), 258. Southern Red Bat (Lasiurus blossevilii), 259. Desert Red Bat (Lasiurus frantzii), 260. Cinnamon Red Bat (Lasiurus varius), 261. Minor Red Bat (Lasiurus minor), 262. Tacarcunan Bat (Lasiurus castaneus), 263. Hairy-tailed Bat (Lasiurus ebenus), 264. Jamaican Red Bat (Lasiurus degelidus), 265. Western Yellow Bat (Lasiurus xanthinus), 266. Northern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus intermedius), 267. Cuban Yellow Bat (Lasiurus insularis), 268. Southern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus ega)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398536/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">266.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFF229C0E1C87B1B3" box="[222,647,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFF229C0E1C87B1B3" blockId="123.[121,1177,2647,2768]" box="[222,647,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<heading id="9F638192FF806A3FFF229C0E1C87B1B3" box="[222,647,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFF229C0E1C87B1B3" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[222,647,2647,2689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="eng" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">Northern Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFD459C0E1A4AB1B3" box="[697,1098,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFD459C0E1A4AB1B3" blockId="123.[121,1177,2647,2768]" box="[697,1098,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<heading id="9F638192FF806A3FFD459C0E1A4AB1B3" box="[697,1098,2647,2689]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFD459C0E1A4AB1B3" ID-CoL="8LH4H" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[697,1098,2647,2689]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFD459C0E1A4AB1B3" box="[697,1098,2647,2689]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Lasiurus intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFF879CCB1A4EB1FD" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFF879CCB1A98B195" blockId="123.[121,1177,2647,2768]" box="[123,1176,2706,2727]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<heading id="9F638192FF806A3FFF879CCB1A98B195" box="[123,1176,2706,2727]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFF879CCB1EC6B195" bold="true" box="[123,198,2706,2727]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFF2C9CCB1F95B195" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[208,405,2706,2727]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="fra" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">
Lasiure du
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF806A3FFEBC9CCB1F95B195" box="[320,405,2706,2727]" name="Mexico" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Mexique</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFE569CCB1C04B195" bold="true" box="[426,516,2706,2727]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFDF29CCB1D68B195" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[526,872,2706,2727]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="deu" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">Nordliche Haarschwanzfledermaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFC809CCB1DD7B195" bold="true" box="[892,983,2706,2727]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFC1E9CCB1A98B195" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[994,1176,2706,2727]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="esp" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFC1E9CCB1A28B195" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[994,1064,2706,2727]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="esp" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">Lasiuro</vernacularName>
de
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF806A3FFBAD9CCB1A98B195" box="[1105,1176,2706,2727]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">México</collectingRegion>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFF869CE31A4EB1FD" blockId="123.[121,1177,2647,2768]" box="[122,1102,2746,2767]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<heading id="9F638192FF806A3FFF869CE31A4EB1FD" box="[122,1102,2746,2767]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFF869CE31F71B1FD" bold="true" box="[122,369,2746,2767]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFE879CE31C07B1FD" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[379,519,2746,2767]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="eng" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">Big Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFDEA9CE31CCEB1FD" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[534,718,2746,2767]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="eng" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">Eastern Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFD209CE31D8BB1FD" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[732,907,2746,2767]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="eng" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF806A3FFD209CE31D1CB1FD" box="[732,796,2746,2767]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Florida</collectingRegion>
Yellow Bat
</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF806A3FFC649CE31A4EB1FD" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[920,1102,2746,2767]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" language="eng" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius">Greater Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFD229CA41D27B077" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFD229CA41D27B077" blockId="123.[734,1327,2813,3240]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFD229CA41D79B02C" bold="true" box="[734,889,2813,2846]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFC769CA41D23B077" authority="H. Allen, 1862" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">Lasiurus intermedius H. Allen, 1862</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFCCF9D711B1BB077" box="[819,1307,2856,2885]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFCCF9D711B1BB077" blockId="123.[734,1327,2813,3240]" box="[819,1307,2856,2885]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF806A3FFCCF9D711B17B077" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319446" box="[819,1303,2856,2885]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
“Matamoros,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF806A3FFC139D711A94B077" box="[1007,1172,2856,2885]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
,”
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF806A3FFB529D711B17B077" box="[1198,1303,2856,2885]" name="Mexico" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFD239D121AC3B76B" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFD239D121AC3B76B" blockId="123.[734,1327,2813,3240]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF806A3FFD239D121D0EB05E" box="[735,782,2891,2924]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">See</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFCE69D121DA2B05E" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[794,930,2891,2924]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="egregius">L. egregius</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFC169D121A80B05E" authorityName="Hall &amp; Jones" authorityYear="1961" box="[1002,1152,2891,2924]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">L. insularis</taxonomicName>
. Taxon floridanus was previously described as a full species and later included as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFCF29D9B1DD1B0D1" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[782,977,3010,3043]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">L. intermedius</taxonomicName>
based on morphology and restriction-enzyme analysis of mtDNA.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFD229A481DF5B700" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[734,1013,3089,3122]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">Lasiurus intermedius</taxonomicName>
1s in the Yellow Bat group. Two subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFD229A061C2BB677" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF806A3FFD229A061C2BB677" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398374/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" targetBox="[119,710,2819,3235]" targetPageId="123">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFD229A061C67B7C4" blockId="123.[734,1327,2813,3240]" lastBlockId="123.[121,1325,3250,3477]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFD229A061A6EB7B2" bold="true" box="[734,1134,3167,3200]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFD239ADE1B2CB79A" authority="H. Allen, 1862" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[735,1324,3207,3240]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="intermedius" subSpecies="intermedius">L.i.intermediusH.Allen,1862—extreme</taxonomicName>
SETexas,andfromSSinaloaandTamaulipas(NW&amp;NEMexico)StoHonduras,withanisolatedrecordfromCostaRica.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFF869AA41C2BB677" blockId="123.[121,1325,3250,3477]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFF869AA41C30B62C" authority="G. S. Miller, 1902" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[122,560,3325,3358]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="intermedius" subSpecies="floridanus">L. i. floridanus G. S. Miller, 1902</taxonomicName>
— S &amp; SE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF806A3FFD4B9AA41CF7B62C" box="[695,759,3325,3358]" name="United States of America" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">USA</collectingCountry>
(SE
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF806A3FFCC49AA41DA9B62C" box="[824,937,3325,3358]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Virginia</collectingRegion>
to SE
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF806A3FFBFE9AA41A56B62C" box="[1026,1110,3325,3358]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Texas</collectingRegion>
), with an extralimital record from NewJersey.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFF859B091752B9FF" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFF859B091752B9FF" blockId="123.[121,1325,3250,3477]" lastBlockId="123.[1393,2605,290,2097]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFF859B091F74B65F" bold="true" box="[121,372,3408,3437]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body ¢.76—-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF806A3FFD829B091CD8B65F" box="[638,728,3408,3437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF806A3FFCDB9B091DBEB65F" box="[807,958,3408,3437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" unit="mm" value="60.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="51.0">51-70 mm</quantity>
, ear
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF806A3FFBF69B091A9FB65F" box="[1034,1183,3408,3437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15-19 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF806A3FFF869B2D1F00B6A7" box="[122,256,3444,3477]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="8.0">8-13 mm</quantity>
, forearm 46-7-54-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF806A3FFDF59B2D1C60B6A7" box="[521,608,3444,3477]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
; weight 14-20-
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. Females are on average larger than males. Fur is buff yellowish to yellowish orange,lightly washed with black. Whitish patches on shoulders or wrists are absent. Hair is silky and long, reaching
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in interscapular region. Ears are pointed and short and externally furred on medial onehalf; tragusis triangular. Face is blackish. Wing membranes are brown, with proximal one-half of uropatagium furred. Calcaris slightly keeled. Rostrum is long; coronoid process is high; and sagittal crest is pronounced. I? is in contact with C'; there is only one upper premolar. Dental formula is11/3,C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 42, with seven pairs of large metacentric and submetacentric autosomes, one pair of medium metacentric autosomes, one pair of medium acrocentric autosomes, three pairs of small acrocentric autosomes, large submetacentric X-chromosome, and small acrocentric Y-chromosome.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFA8B948219DDB871" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFA8B948219DDB871" blockId="123.[1393,2605,290,2097]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFA8B94821BE6B9C6" bold="true" box="[1399,1510,731,756]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Habitat.</emphasis>
Coniferous forests, deciduous forests, pine-oak forests, and dry thorn scrub from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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. Northern Yellow Bats are usually found in forested regions near water and open areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFA8B9513163ABF65" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFA8B9513163ABF65" blockId="123.[1393,2605,290,2097]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFA8B9513187BB859" bold="true" box="[1399,1659,842,875]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Northern Yellow Batflies fast, foraging on treetops, forest edges, and open areas, such as pastures, lake edges, marshes, savanna-like habitats, coastal beaches, and golf courses. It forages
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aboveground in open areas and
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aboveground on treetops in closed habitats. They will forage in groups; females and young can form large groups of more than 100 individuals; males form smaller groups. Stomach contents of one individual contained fragments of mosquitoes,flies, dragonflies, leathoppers, ants, beetles, and diving beetles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFA8B920417E9BFC7" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFA8B920417E9BFC7" blockId="123.[1393,2605,290,2097]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFA8B92041BFDBF4C" bold="true" box="[1399,1533,1117,1150]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Breeding.</emphasis>
Spermatozoa are produced from September to mid-February. Mating takes place in autumn and winter. Pregnant Northern Yellow Bats were captured in May-June, and parturition occurs in May-June. Litters have 2—4 young (mean 3-4). Lactating females were captured in June-July. Flying young were observed in June-July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFA8992A2165ABD3B" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFA8992A2165ABD3B" blockId="123.[1393,2605,290,2097]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFA8992A21860BE2E" bold="true" box="[1397,1632,1275,1308]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Northern Yellow Bat is crepuscular/nocturnal. Individuals were captured at dusk. Roosts are mainly in dead palm fronds and clumps of Spanish moss (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFA789313188BBE59" box="[1412,1675,1354,1387]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usneoides">Tillandsia usneoides</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FF9679313195CBE59" box="[1691,1884,1354,1387]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) but also in buildings. Nursery colonies have been found among hanging dried corn stalks. Echolocation calls are long (10 milliseconds). Calls sweep from c.47-5 kHz to narrowbandtails of ¢.28 kHz. Those calls vary in different habitats. In more open areas or at higheraltitudes, tail frequencies drop to below 25 kHz; pulses are longer with lower repetition rates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFA8A905618A7BC2E" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFA8A905618A7BC2E" blockId="123.[1393,2605,290,2097]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFA8A90561653BD02" bold="true" box="[1398,2131,1551,1584]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Migratory movements occur in northern parts of the distribution; individuals that remain in those areas become torpid at low temperatures. The Northern Yellow Bat is gregarious to some degree, forming unorganized groups. It has been found roosting with the Southern Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF806A3FFA4390F4181ABDFC" authority="P. Gervais, 1856" box="[1471,1562,1709,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ega">L. ega</taxonomicName>
). Nursery colonies of c.45 females and their young can form in spring and summer. Sexual segregation occurs year-round. Females do not carry non-volant young when foraging.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFA8A917D17BEBCA1" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFA8A917D17BEBCA1" blockId="123.[1393,2605,290,2097]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFA8A917D18D1BC77" bold="true" box="[1398,1745,1828,1861]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Northern Yellow Bat is widespread, presumably with large population, and occurs in protected areas. It is uncommon to locally common. No major threats are known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF806A3FFA8B91FB1612B303" pageId="123" pageNumber="881" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF806A3FFA8B91FB1612B303" blockId="123.[1393,2605,290,2097]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF806A3FFA8B91FB180FBC89" bold="true" box="[1399,1551,1954,1979]" pageId="123" pageNumber="881">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Alvarez-Castafeda &amp; Gonzalez-Ruiz (2018), Baird et al. (2015), Baker &amp; Patton (1967), Briones-Salas et al. (2013), Hall &amp; Jones (1961), Handley (1960), Miller &amp; Rodriguez-Herrera (2016a), Morales &amp; Bickham (1995), Morales et al. (2014e), Novaes, Garbino et al. (2018), Rodriguez-Herrera et al. (2003), Rydell et al. (2002), Simmons (2005), Webster et al. (1980), Wilson &amp; Ruff (1999).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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