207 lines
23 KiB
XML
207 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="B120F01C41A3C544551133F7661A0F00" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF7E6AC1FF409D3B184EBC70" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nycticeius cubanus" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="892" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="892" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="49B85304A2C049C4EA00B2A818847F2E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2443F51CDFFB90099C30FB6648CDD75F">
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<mods:title id="F4C731BA2183D198CF4BFB2C9181DF18">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="613A128BD0B3BAC1641819BAFB8A6B88" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E5175FC0B38897B8E326493F45329733">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2E1667C8FE318AB9163A5B18430C0879">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67579684D8E9848904CD48149802189C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B9AF8FADDFFEF50BBDB65AC9C87BC6FA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="8999119E6EF9F282E3593572C380795C">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="A66F87184EE7DFB1CA48D9EA69A98D90" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="06097EBAD58E30E7E56623264507EAFD">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="4A83A913A4DE219DD6F0CF3D059F86BA">
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<mods:placeTerm id="FFB5A5D7351FD99915FDDB30DCAEF941">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="03292C02BBEC8A389453A42F6D67F6A3">
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<mods:title id="F2E6C704FF264909CDFA447DA880FC7B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="06EF22DC861399E7B3A47C85A6F6EF5C">
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<mods:extent id="85C3588AE14B03DA3137242102A01EB5" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="183FCB5290115D672A12F32E9D7C4B5D">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9D93EE9B6031B621A4DA6BDD42CCDA52">981</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="C44CBB7D03A2E49988E0D4670F76524D">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF7E6AC1FF409D3B184EBC70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581353" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581353" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF7E6AC1FF409D3B184EBC70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF7E6AC1FF409D3B184EBC70" lastPageNumber="892" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FF409D3B1F0EB0A6" box="[188,270,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FF409D3B1F0EB0A6" blockId="133.[186,1124,2914,3004]" box="[188,270,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7E6AC1FF409D3B1F0EB0A6" box="[188,270,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF7E6AC1FF409D3B1F0EB0A6" box="[188,270,2914,2964]" captionStart="Plate 66: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="126.[130,160,3295,3320]" captionTargetBox="[11,2762,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="269. Lesser Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus kuhlii), 270. Sody’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus collinus), 271. Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus heathii), 272. Sulawesi Yellow Bat (Scotophilus celebensis), 273. Nut-colored Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nux), 274. Malagasy Yellow Bat (Scotophilus tandrefana), 275. Marovaza Yellow Bat (Scotophilus marovaza), 276. White-bellied Yellow Bat (Scotophilus leucogaster), 277. East African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus altilis), 278. Robust Yellow Bat (Scotophilus robustus), 279. Lesser Yellow Bat (Scotophilus borbonicus), 280. Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus viridis), 281. Ejeta’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus ejetai), 282. Schreber’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigrita), 283. Robbins’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nucella), 284. Andrew Rebori’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus andrewreborii), 285. Western Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigritellus), 286. Livingstone’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus livingstonii), 287. Trujillo's Yellow Bat (Scotophilus trujilloi), 288. African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus dinganii), 289. Eritrean Yellow Bat (Scotophilus colias), 290. North American Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis), 291. Cuban Evening Bat (Nycticeius cubanus), 292. Temminck’s Mysterious Bat (Nycticetus aenobarbus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398541/files/figure.png" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">291.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FEDC9D3B1CB3B0A6" box="[288,691,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FEDC9D3B1CB3B0A6" blockId="133.[186,1124,2914,3004]" box="[288,691,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7E6AC1FEDC9D3B1CB3B0A6" box="[288,691,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7E6AC1FEDC9D3B1CB3B0A6" ID-CoL="485K2" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[288,691,2914,2964]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">Cuban Evening Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FD0B9D3B1A4BB0A6" box="[759,1099,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FD0B9D3B1A4BB0A6" blockId="133.[186,1124,2914,3004]" box="[759,1099,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7E6AC1FD0B9D3B1A4BB0A6" box="[759,1099,2914,2964]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1FD0B9D3B1A4BB0A6" ID-CoL="485K2" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[759,1099,2914,2964]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FD0B9D3B1A4BB0A6" box="[759,1099,2914,2964]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Nycticeius cubanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FF479DFC1A64B088" box="[187,1124,2981,3002]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FF479DFC1A64B088" blockId="133.[186,1124,2914,3004]" box="[187,1124,2981,3002]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7E6AC1FF479DFC1A64B088" box="[187,1124,2981,3002]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FF479DFC1F07B088" bold="true" box="[187,263,2981,3002]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7E6AC1FEEC9DFC1FBFB088" ID-CoL="485K2" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[272,447,2981,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">
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Nycticée de
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7E6AC1FE729DFC1FBFB088" box="[398,447,2981,3002]" name="Cuba" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FE289DFC1C2FB088" bold="true" box="[468,559,2981,3002]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7E6AC1FDC59DFC1D41B088" ID-CoL="485K2" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[569,833,2981,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">Kuba-Neuweltabendsegler</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FCA99DFC1DB1B088" bold="true" box="[853,945,2981,3002]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7E6AC1FC479DFC1A64B088" ID-CoL="485K2" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[955,1124,2981,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7E6AC1FC479DFC1A0AB088" ID-CoL="485K2" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[955,1034,2981,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">Nicticeo</vernacularName>
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de
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7E6AC1FBCF9DFC1A64B088" box="[1075,1124,2981,3002]" name="Cuba" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FF459DB51DA6B73B" box="[185,934,3052,3081]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FF459DB51DA6B73B" blockId="133.[185,1392,3052,3325]" box="[185,934,3052,3081]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FF459DB51F55B73B" bold="true" box="[185,341,3052,3081]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1FE9F9DB51CCCB73B" ID-CoL="7G37B" authority="Gundlach" authorityName="Gundlach" authorityYear="1861" box="[355,716,3052,3081]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vesperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">Vesperus cubanus Gundlach</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF7E6AC1FD049DB51DA1B73B" box="[760,929,3052,3081]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Peters, 1861</treatmentCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FC4C9DB51B6CB73B" box="[944,1388,3052,3081]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FC4C9DB51B6CB73B" blockId="133.[185,1392,3052,3325]" box="[944,1388,3052,3081]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF7E6AC1FC4C9DB51B68B73B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319364" box="[944,1384,3052,3081]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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near Cardenas,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF7E6AC1FB779DB51B0EB73B" box="[1163,1294,3052,3081]" country="Cuba" name="Matanzas" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Matanzas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7E6AC1FAE19DB51B68B73B" box="[1309,1384,3052,3081]" name="Cuba" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FF479A491C46B703" box="[187,582,3088,3121]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FF479A491C46B703" blockId="133.[185,1392,3052,3325]" box="[187,582,3088,3121]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF7E6AC1FF479A491EEAB703" box="[187,234,3088,3121]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">See</collectingRegion>
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N.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1FEE29A491F9AB703" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[286,410,3088,3121]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humeralis">humeralis</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FF459A6F1FEBB765" box="[185,491,3126,3159]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF7E6AC1FF459A6F1FEBB765" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398428" box="[185,491,3126,3159]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398428/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" targetBox="[1462,2053,294,708]" targetPageId="133">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FF459A6F1FEBB765" blockId="133.[185,1392,3052,3325]" box="[185,491,3126,3159]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FF459A6F1F69B765" bold="true" box="[185,361,3126,3159]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7E6AC1FE609A6F1FE7B765" box="[412,487,3126,3159]" name="Cuba" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FF459A0717B6B8EC" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FF459A0717B6B8EC" blockId="133.[185,1392,3052,3325]" lastBlockId="133.[1462,2670,720,1858]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FF459A071FB4B74D" bold="true" box="[185,436,3166,3199]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—-body ¢.
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7E6AC1FD7D9A071CEAB74D" box="[641,746,3166,3199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7E6AC1FCCD9A071DC7B74D" box="[817,967,3166,3199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="24.0">24-36 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7E6AC1FBF39A071A95B74D" box="[1039,1173,3166,3199]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8-10 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 28-6— 32-
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7E6AC1FF199ADF1F3BB795" box="[229,315,3206,3239]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7E6AC1FE489ADF1C03B795" box="[436,515,3206,3239]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" unit="g" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4-7 g</quantity>
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||
. The Cuban Evening Bat the smallest vespertilionid in
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||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7E6AC1FAE19ADF1B68B795" box="[1309,1384,3206,3239]" name="Cuba" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It resembles the Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (
|
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1FC529AF41A55B7FC" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1898" box="[942,1109,3245,3278]" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Chilonatalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chilonatalus</taxonomicName>
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micropus), the Least Little Mastiff Bat (Mormopterus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1FD789A801CF3B7C4" authorityName="Montagu" authorityYear="1808" box="[644,755,3289,3318]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
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), and Gervais’s Funnel-eared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1FB0F9A801677BA72" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1267,2167,295,3318]" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Nyctiellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">Nyctiellus lepidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in size; however, those species are morphologically easily distinguished. Dorsal and ventral fur of the Cuban Evening Bat are bicolored, with dark bases and contrasting lighter tips; dorsum is brownish, and venter is olive-brown. Muzzle is short and not broad. Ears are separated and when folded forward reach or surpass anterior region of muzzle; tragus reaches one-half the ear length. Tail extends
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7E6AC1F7E394F0169DB9F8" box="[2079,2205,681,714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1-3 mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond uropatagium. Calcar reaches at least one-half the free margin of uropatagium. Membranes are naked. Skull 1s short and broad; braincase is wider than rostrum; rostrum is short and broad; sagittal crest 1s present; and zygomatic arch is weak. Lower teeth are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1F5E7957A1BE2B855" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; teeth are relatively small; I* is simple, unicuspid, and separated from C' by small gap; lower incisors have similarsize, are in contact, and trilobed; and area of crown of M?® is one-half the crown size of M' and M?, with mesostyle, metacone, and three commissures evident, Dental formulas 1/3. C1/1,P 1/2. M 3/3 (x2) = 30,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FA4B95BD16E8BF37" box="[1463,2280,996,1029]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FA4B95BD16E8BF37" blockId="133.[1462,2670,720,1858]" box="[1463,2280,996,1029]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FA4B95BD1827BF37" bold="true" box="[1463,1575,996,1029]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7E6AC1F77B95BD16E4BF37" box="[2183,2276,996,1029]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FA4B9252162DBF4E" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FA4B9252162DBF4E" blockId="133.[1462,2670,720,1858]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FA4B925218C3BF1E" bold="true" box="[1463,1731,1035,1068]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Cuban Evening Bats capture insects in flight and were observed pursuing isopterans above lampposts. Feces contained parts of insects from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1F603926A1BEFBF4E" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1FA03923A18AFBF4E" box="[1535,1711,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7E6AC1F902923A1629BF4E" box="[1790,2089,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Blattodea (Blattidae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FA4B92DB192FBFF8" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FA4B92DB192FBFF8" blockId="133.[1462,2670,720,1858]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FA4B92DB183EBF91" bold="true" box="[1463,1598,1154,1187]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
A female carrying two embryos was captured in May. Cuban Evening Bats are probably monoestrous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FA4A928817F8BD1F" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FA4A928817F8BD1F" blockId="133.[1462,2670,720,1858]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FA4A928818A4BFC0" bold="true" box="[1462,1700,1233,1266]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Cuban Evening Bats begin to forage at dusk, with individuals captured in mist nets shortly after sunset, but activity extends throughout the night and they can be observed entering and leaving their roosts during most of the night. In some locations, foraging activity starts after dark. Flightis slow, with high maneuverability, and they can fly from uncluttered to high cluttered areas. Roostingsites include fissures and hollows in lampposts and rooftiles. Echolocation calls sweep from higher to lower frequencies, combining steep FM component and final QCF component. During search and approach phases and terminal buzz I, calls sweep from 80 kHz to 40 kHz in 4-12 milliseconds, dropping below 40 kHz only in terminal buzz II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FA4B906D1400BD4E" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FA4B906D1400BD4E" blockId="133.[1462,2670,720,1858]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FA4B906D1672BD67" bold="true" box="[1463,2162,1588,1621]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies of at least 26 Cuban Evening Bats were found roosting in rooftiles. Solitary individuals were also found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FA4490DA17A1BDC1" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FA4490DA17A1BDC1" blockId="133.[1462,2670,720,1858]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FA4490DA191CBD96" bold="true" box="[1464,1820,1667,1700]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Cuban Evening Batis in significant population decline due to habitat loss caused by human expansion. The Cuban Evening Bat is found in protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7E6AC1FA44915B184EBC70" pageId="133" pageNumber="892" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7E6AC1FA44915B184EBC70" blockId="133.[1462,2670,720,1858]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7E6AC1FA44915B1851BC29" bold="true" box="[1464,1617,1794,1819]" pageId="133" pageNumber="892">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Garcia & Mancina (2011), Hall (1981), Mora et al. (2005), Silva-Taboada (1979), Solari (2018i), Varona (1974).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |