216 lines
24 KiB
XML
216 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1D26EA942FBCB4A2200FEC20E11E98B5">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="64E939E87644B8FF49A29345D89064F4">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E0D9671AD215DF487BC42BCB6988D5A5">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="917156B329D166C9923B82BFF4D1C6B7">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="80962F9CAF9DF95371BB0CF42E209677" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="71F91BDE9FAB2E7764DEF4CC42EB825D">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="1062E725BACFC81E4B6F7D69B36EAAC4">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="3DE64D7F738FB58300412AB9DEDB8EA8">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="06EFD3415374876167E5B05606D81774">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF7C6AC3FF85945D1CCDB199" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403669" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628022" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403669" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF7C6AC3FF85945D1CCDB199" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF7C6AC3FF85945D1CCDB199" lastPageNumber="895" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF85945D1ECBB900" box="[121,203,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF85945D1ECBB900" blockId="135.[118,1306,516,640]" box="[121,203,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7C6AC3FF85945D1ECBB900" box="[121,203,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF7C6AC3FF85945D1ECBB900" box="[121,203,516,562]" captionStart="Plate 67: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="135.[114,144,3260,3285]" captionTargetBox="[11,2751,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="293. Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus atrox), 294. Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus jagorii), 295. Dubious Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus aerosus), 296. Golden-tipped Bat (Phonuscus papuensis), 297. Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula hardwickii), 298. Flatskulled Woolly Bat (Kerivoula depressa), 299. Sri Lankan Woolly Bat (Kerivoula malpasi), 300. Cryptic Woolly Bat (Kerivoula crypta), 301. Dark Woolly Bat (Kerivoula furva), 302. Kachin Woolly Bat (Kerivoula kachinensis), 303. Indochinese Woolly Bat (Kerivoula dongduongana), 304. Krau Woolly Bat (Kerwoula krauensis), 305. Titania’s Woolly Bat (Kerwoula titania), 306. Least Woolly Bat (Kerivoula minuta), 307. Small Woolly Bat (Kerivoula intermedia), 308. Papillose Woolly Bat (Kerivoula papillosa), 309. Lenis Woolly Bat (Kerivoula lenis), 310. Clear-winged Woolly Bat (Kerivoula pellucida), 311. Painted Woolly Bat (Kerwoula picta), 312. Whitehead’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula whiteheadi), 313. Flores Woolly Bat (Kerivoula flora), 314. Fly River Woolly Bat (Kerivoula muscina), 315. Saint Aignan’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula agnella), 316. Bismarck Woolly Bat (Kerwoula myrella), 317. Lesser Woolly Bat (Kerivoula lanosa), 318. Ethiopian Woolly Bat (Kerwoula eriophora), 319. Tanzanian Woolly Bat (Kerwwoula africana), 320. Smith’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula smithii), 321. Coppery Woolly Bat (Kerivoula cuprosa), 322. Spurrell’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula phalaena), 323. Damara Woolly Bat (Kerwoula argentata)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398545/files/figure.png" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">293.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF20945D1DBEB900" box="[220,958,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF20945D1DBEB900" blockId="135.[118,1306,516,640]" box="[220,958,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7C6AC3FF20945D1DBEB900" box="[220,958,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7C6AC3FF20945D1DBEB900" ID-CoL="4GQ7N" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[220,958,516,562]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FBFE945D1B19B900" box="[1026,1305,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FBFE945D1B19B900" blockId="135.[118,1306,516,640]" box="[1026,1305,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7C6AC3FBFE945D1B19B900" box="[1026,1305,516,562]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7C6AC3FBFE945D1B19B900" ID-CoL="4GQ7N" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[1026,1305,516,562]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FBFE945D1B19B900" box="[1026,1305,516,562]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Phoniscus atrox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF84941A1D55B94D" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF84941A1A34B96A" blockId="135.[118,1306,516,640]" box="[120,1076,579,600]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7C6AC3FF84941A1A34B96A" box="[120,1076,579,600]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF84941A1EC3B96A" bold="true" box="[120,195,579,600]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7C6AC3FF31941A1F86B96A" ID-CoL="4GQ7N" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[205,390,579,600]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">Kerivoule de Miller</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FE67941A1FF5B96A" bold="true" box="[411,501,579,600]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7C6AC3FE03941A1D10B96A" ID-CoL="4GQ7N" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[511,784,579,600]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">Furchenzahn-Trompetenohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FCD8941A1D7FB96A" bold="true" box="[804,895,579,600]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7C6AC3FC76941A1A34B96A" ID-CoL="4GQ7N" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[906,1076,579,600]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">Fonisco de Miller</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF8B94331D55B94D" blockId="135.[118,1306,516,640]" box="[119,853,618,639]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<heading id="9F638192FF7C6AC3FF8B94331D55B94D" box="[119,853,618,639]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF8B94331F6EB94D" bold="true" box="[119,366,618,639]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7C6AC3FE8494331C84B94D" ID-CoL="4GQ7N" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[376,644,618,639]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">Gilded Groove-toothed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF7C6AC3FD6D94331D55B94D" ID-CoL="4GQ7N" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[657,853,618,639]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">Groove-toothed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FD2094EE1D25B9C5" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FD2094EE1D25B9C5" blockId="135.[732,1323,695,1113]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FD2094EE1D75B9E2" bold="true" box="[732,885,695,720]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7C6AC3FC7194EE1D20B9C5" ID-CoL="4GQ7N" authority="G. S. Miller, 1905" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">Phoniscus atrox G. S. Miller, 1905</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FCCB94871DFCB82C" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FCCB94871DFCB82C" blockId="135.[732,1323,695,1113]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF7C6AC3FCCB94871DFCB82C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319686" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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“vicinity of Kateman River, eastern
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF7C6AC3FD21955C1D53B82C" box="[733,851,773,798]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7C6AC3FC92955C1DF8B82C" box="[878,1016,773,798]" name="Indonesia" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FD2195701AEAB8D1" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FD2195701AEAB8D1" blockId="135.[732,1323,695,1113]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7C6AC3FD2195701D5AB874" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[733,858,809,838]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phoniscus</taxonomicName>
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is often included within
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7C6AC3FB5695701B24B874" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[1194,1316,809,838]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kerivoula</taxonomicName>
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, but morphological data support recognition as distinct genera. Some genetic studies, however, indicated that
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7C6AC3FBA995FA1AD2B88E" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1905" box="[1109,1234,931,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phoniscus</taxonomicName>
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might be nested within
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7C6AC3FC34959B1A43B8D1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[968,1091,962,995]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kerivoula</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FD2095B71F30BF4C" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF7C6AC3FD2095B71F30BF4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398432/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" targetBox="[117,708,694,1107]" targetPageId="135">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FD2095B71F30BF4C" blockId="135.[732,1323,695,1113]" lastBlockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FD2095B71D88BF39" bold="true" box="[732,904,1006,1035]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
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S
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7C6AC3FC4095B71A3ABF39" box="[956,1082,1006,1035]" name="Thailand" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7C6AC3FB0495B71D25BF00" name="Malaysia" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, EC & SW Sumatra, and NE Borneo; it might be more widespread than is currently known.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF8992DF1F79BC2C" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF8992DF1F79BC2C" blockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF8992DF1F79BF95" bold="true" box="[117,377,1158,1191]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 41-
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7C6AC3FD8E92DF1CCDBF95" box="[626,717,1158,1191]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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(one specimen), tail 29-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7C6AC3FBAB92DF1AE2BF95" box="[1111,1250,1158,1191]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="5.0">5-39 mm</quantity>
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||
, ear 13-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7C6AC3FF5D92EB1EF7BFFD" box="[161,247,1202,1231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(one specimen), hindfoot 7-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7C6AC3FD5A92EB1CFCBFFD" box="[678,764,1202,1231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(one specimen), forearm
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7C6AC3FB7592EB1B22BFFD" box="[1161,1314,1202,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="31.0">31-35 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight 3-6-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7C6AC3FEE8928C1F41BFC4" box="[276,321,1237,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
|
||
. The Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Batis similar to Peters’s Trumpeteared Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF7C6AC3FEED92A41F84BE2C" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[273,388,1277,1310]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jagorii">P. jagorii</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in overall appearance, butit is smaller and has more rounded P?, Pelage is long and somewhat curly. Dorsal pelage is mixed brown and black, with gold frosting (hairs banded with gray and brown bases, black middles, and orange-brown or buff tips); ventral pelage is paler and grayer. Short tiny yellow hairs are along bones of wings,tail, and legs. Ears are funnel-shaped, with rounded tips; tragusis long and conspicuously white, with sharply pointed tip and distinct and deep notch near base on posterior margin. Tail is long, and calcaris strong and curved. Basioccipital pits appear to be shallower than in Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat. I” is unicuspid and pointed; I® is distinctly smaller and shorter; C' has two distinct longitudinallateral grooves on outer side; P*is broader than P° but is anteroposteriorly shorter; P* is markedly rounded and does not exhibit anterointernal elongation; upper premolars are much smaller than in Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat; and lower premolars are narrow, especially P,. Dental formula for all species of Phoniscusis 12/3, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 38. Diploid number is 2n = 40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF88917F1CFEBCA7" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF88917F1CFEBCA7" blockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF88917F1EE3BC75" bold="true" box="[116,227,1830,1863]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Undisturbed and disturbed forests including pristine evergreen forest (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7C6AC3FB22917F1EB3BC5C" name="Thailand" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and primary forest habitats (e.g. heath forests) at elevations generally below
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7C6AC3FF88912D1EC9BCA7" box="[116,201,1908,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
but up to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF7C6AC3FEA3912D1FB4BCA7" box="[351,436,1908,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" unit="m" value="615.0">615 m</quantity>
|
||
in Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7C6AC3FD7F912D1CFBBCA7" box="[643,763,1908,1941]" name="Malaysia" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF8F91C51DBBB33E" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF8F91C51DBBB33E" blockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF8F91C51F7FBC8F" bold="true" box="[115,383,1948,1981]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat feeds almost exclusively on orb-weaving spiders and is very maneuverable in flight because of its large wings. Maximum bite force was 2-6 N in individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7C6AC3FCC391B21DB7B33E" box="[831,951,2027,2060]" name="Malaysia" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF8F9E481FE8B300" box="[115,488,2065,2098]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF8F9E481FE8B300" blockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" box="[115,488,2065,2098]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF8F9E481EF9B300" bold="true" box="[115,249,2065,2098]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF8D9E631A4EB27A" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF8D9E631A4EB27A" blockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF8D9E631F57B369" bold="true" box="[113,343,2106,2139]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Day roosts of Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bats are most commonly in abandoned nests of broadbills (Eurylaimus sp.); they make entrance holes at bottoms of abandoned nests. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7C6AC3FE499EC81C2DB398" box="[437,557,2193,2218]" name="Thailand" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,calls are broad FM sweep, with average start frequency of 125-5 kHz, end frequency of 61-8 kHz, peak frequency of 77-4 kHz, and duration of 3 milliseconds. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF7C6AC3FE8D9E811FE0B3CB" box="[369,480,2264,2297]" name="Malaysia" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,start frequencies were 145-6-183-2 kHz (mean 166-1 kHz), end frequencies were 51-2-72 kHz (60 kHz), peak frequencies were 62-4-122-4 kHz (86-8 kHz), and durations were 1:9-3-9 milliseconds (2-8 milliseconds).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF8E9F171C3AB2A4" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF8E9F171C3AB2A4" blockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF8E9F171D58B25D" bold="true" box="[114,856,2382,2415]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Groove-toothed Trumpet eared Bat generally roosts alone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF8E9FC41C41B106" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF8E9FC41C41B106" blockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF8E9FC41FD7B28C" bold="true" box="[114,471,2461,2494]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat is rarely reported. It is threatened by deforestation from logging, fires, and agricultural expansion. It occurs in protected areas (e.g. Bukit Barisan National Park,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF7C6AC3FE449C4E1C34B106" box="[440,564,2583,2612]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF7C6AC3FF8F9C1A1CCDB199" pageId="135" pageNumber="895" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF7C6AC3FF8F9C1A1CCDB199" blockId="135.[113,1325,1117,2731]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF7C6AC3FF8F9C1A1F0CB16E" bold="true" box="[115,268,2627,2652]" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Francis (2008a), Hill (1965b), Hutson &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF7C6AC3FD349C1A1D24B16E" box="[712,804,2627,2652]" country="Jamaica" name="Kingston" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Kingston</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2008c),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF7C6AC3FC6D9C1A1DEDB16E" box="[913,1005,2627,2652]" country="Jamaica" name="Kingston" pageId="135" pageNumber="895">Kingston</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (1999), Lekagul & Mc-Neely (1977), Lim, B.L. et al. (2003), O'Brien & Kinnaird (1996), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Ryan (1965), Senawi et al. (2015), Thong Vu Dinh et al. (2006), Volleth (2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |