255 lines
31 KiB
XML
255 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0A7AC895310B595CD410272DF80C102A">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C2A65BFFF35E37CF9FCE417C6CC24876">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D29D6A9B7C1E24A4F1C6DD79FA46EA39">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="FE7BB450FF8FC47976993134EC48C7E0">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="2A7F62EF18BEE33129C2A85AF96902BA">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="10EC90853A2D836706383FC4D9AFCB03">
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<mods:title id="ABFCF1704CC2EC04D1871F06FB0157A5">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="3977C6D4B854CD1F4D70A639D6F194E2">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DB6DB880E6AD891EC40B523EEBC18577">981</mods:end>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF736ACCFA4F942C179AB7B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581356" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628324" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581356" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF736ACCFA4F942C179AB7B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF736ACCFA4F942C179AB7B3" lastPageNumber="896" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA4F942C1805B995" box="[1459,1541,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4F942C1805B995" blockId="136.[1456,2538,629,758]" box="[1459,1541,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCFA4F942C1805B995" box="[1459,1541,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF736ACCFA4F942C1805B995" box="[1459,1541,629,679]" captionStart="Plate 67: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="135.[114,144,3260,3285]" captionTargetBox="[11,2751,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="293. Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus atrox), 294. Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus jagorii), 295. Dubious Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus aerosus), 296. Golden-tipped Bat (Phonuscus papuensis), 297. Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula hardwickii), 298. Flatskulled Woolly Bat (Kerivoula depressa), 299. Sri Lankan Woolly Bat (Kerivoula malpasi), 300. Cryptic Woolly Bat (Kerivoula crypta), 301. Dark Woolly Bat (Kerivoula furva), 302. Kachin Woolly Bat (Kerivoula kachinensis), 303. Indochinese Woolly Bat (Kerivoula dongduongana), 304. Krau Woolly Bat (Kerwoula krauensis), 305. Titania’s Woolly Bat (Kerwoula titania), 306. Least Woolly Bat (Kerivoula minuta), 307. Small Woolly Bat (Kerivoula intermedia), 308. Papillose Woolly Bat (Kerivoula papillosa), 309. Lenis Woolly Bat (Kerivoula lenis), 310. Clear-winged Woolly Bat (Kerivoula pellucida), 311. Painted Woolly Bat (Kerwoula picta), 312. Whitehead’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula whiteheadi), 313. Flores Woolly Bat (Kerivoula flora), 314. Fly River Woolly Bat (Kerivoula muscina), 315. Saint Aignan’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula agnella), 316. Bismarck Woolly Bat (Kerwoula myrella), 317. Lesser Woolly Bat (Kerivoula lanosa), 318. Ethiopian Woolly Bat (Kerwoula eriophora), 319. Tanzanian Woolly Bat (Kerwwoula africana), 320. Smith’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula smithii), 321. Coppery Woolly Bat (Kerivoula cuprosa), 322. Spurrell’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula phalaena), 323. Damara Woolly Bat (Kerwoula argentata)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398545/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">297.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCF9E9942C19FFB995" box="[1557,2047,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCF9E9942C19FFB995" blockId="136.[1456,2538,629,758]" box="[1557,2047,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCF9E9942C19FFB995" box="[1557,2047,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCF9E9942C19FFB995" ID-CoL="3R5ZM" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1557,2047,629,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCF7CE942C17BCB995" box="[2098,2492,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCF7CE942C17BCB995" blockId="136.[1456,2538,629,758]" box="[2098,2492,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCF7CE942C17BCB995" box="[2098,2492,629,679]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF7CE942C17BCB995" ID-CoL="3R5ZM" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[2098,2492,629,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCF7CE942C17BCB995" box="[2098,2492,629,679]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Kerivoula hardwickii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA4E94E11673B9C6" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4E94E117E8B9FF" blockId="136.[1456,2538,629,758]" box="[1458,2536,696,717]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCFA4E94E117E8B9FF" box="[1458,2536,696,717]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA4E94E11BFDB9FF" bold="true" box="[1458,1533,696,717]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCF9FB94E118F1B9FF" ID-CoL="3R5ZM" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1543,1777,696,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">Kérivoule de Hardwicke</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCF8F994E11960B9FF" bold="true" box="[1797,1888,696,717]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCF89694E11675B9FF" ID-CoL="3R5ZM" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1898,2165,696,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">Hardwicke-Wollfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCF77694E116E5B9FF" bold="true" box="[2186,2277,696,717]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCF71394E117E8B9FF" ID-CoL="3R5ZM" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[2287,2536,696,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">Querivoula de Hardwicke</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4D94861673B9C6" blockId="136.[1456,2538,629,758]" box="[1457,2163,735,756]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCFA4D94861673B9C6" box="[1457,2163,735,756]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA4D948618A8B9C6" bold="true" box="[1457,1704,735,756]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCF94D94861980B9C6" ID-CoL="3R5ZM" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1713,1920,735,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">Common Woolly Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCF87294861673B9C6" ID-CoL="3R5ZM" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1934,2163,735,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">Hardwicke's Forest Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCF7E99579165FB858" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCF7E99579165FB858" blockId="136.[2069,2663,800,1228]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCF7E9957916B0B873" bold="true" box="[2069,2224,800,833]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF73F9579165AB858" ID-CoL="7G2TP" authority="Horsfield, 1824" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">Vespertilio hardwickii Horsfield, 1824</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCF79895141743B858" box="[2148,2371,845,874]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCF79895141743B858" blockId="136.[2069,2663,800,1228]" box="[2148,2371,845,874]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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||
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF736ACCF79895141743B858" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864675305" box="[2148,2371,845,874]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCF798951416A2B858" box="[2148,2210,845,874]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Java</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF74E9514173FB858" box="[2226,2367,845,874]" name="Indonesia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCF7EA952917FEBE8B" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCF7EA952917FEBE8B" blockId="136.[2069,2663,800,1228]" lastBlockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF7EA9529172CB8A3" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1824" box="[2070,2348,880,913]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">Kerwoula hardwickii</taxonomicName>
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previously included populations now attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF63395CE145FB88A" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1906" box="[2511,2655,919,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressa">K. depressa</taxonomicName>
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, K. malpasi,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF74E95E71728B8ED" authorityName="Wroughton & Ryley" authorityYear="1913" box="[2226,2344,958,991]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crypta">K. crypta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF6C595E717A7B8ED" box="[2361,2471,958,991]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furva">K. furva</taxonomicName>
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, and K. dongduongana from throughout South Asia and
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCF7EB925416A4BF1C" box="[2071,2212,1037,1070]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">South-east</collectingRegion>
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Asia. These species, along with
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF7EA926016D1BF64" box="[2070,2257,1081,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kachinensis">K. kachinensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF71992601787BF64" box="[2277,2439,1081,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krauensis">K. krauensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF6609260141CBF64" box="[2460,2588,1081,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="titania">K. titania</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF7EA9205169DBF4F" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1898" box="[2070,2205,1116,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">K. minuta</taxonomicName>
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, comprise the
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF685920517FABF4F" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1824" box="[2425,2554,1116,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">hardwickii</taxonomicName>
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species group, with
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF73992DD1743BF97" box="[2245,2371,1156,1189]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="titania">K. titania</taxonomicName>
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occupying the most basal position in the clade. Genetic data places K. hardwickuisister to K. © ahi Genetic and morphological data support recognition of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF9CA92A318C2BE29" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1906" box="[1590,1730,1274,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressa">K. depressa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF92F92A31941BE29" box="[1747,1857,1274,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furva">K. furva</taxonomicName>
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, and K. dongduongana as distinct species, and limited biogeographical data support recognition of K. erypta and K. malpasi (although they might be conspecific). Distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF89793101614BE58" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1824" box="[1899,2068,1353,1386]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">K. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
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is ends in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCF75993101733BE58" box="[2213,2355,1353,1386]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">South-east</collectingRegion>
|
||
Asia at ¢.16” N, which leaves it allopatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF90793281969BEA0" box="[1787,1897,1393,1426]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furva">K. furva</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additional studies are needed to further differentiate species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF98993C118F6BE8B" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1824" box="[1653,1782,1432,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">hardwickii</taxonomicName>
|
||
group with genetic and morphological data. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA4E939D19F6BD4C" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="90EB6676FF736ACCFA4E939D19F6BD4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398442/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" targetBox="[1455,2046,810,1224]" targetPageId="136">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4E939D19F6BD4C" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA4E939D1861BED3" bold="true" box="[1458,1633,1476,1505]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF97A939D1907BED3" box="[1670,1799,1476,1505]" name="Thailand" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF8CD939D1974BED3" box="[1841,1908,1476,1505]" name="Laos" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF867939D1612BED3" box="[1947,2066,1476,1505]" name="Vietnam" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(including Con Son I),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF696939D17FCBED3" box="[2410,2556,1476,1505]" name="Cambodia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFA0393BE1876BD3A" box="[1535,1654,1511,1544]" name="Malaysia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF97493BE1918BD3A" box="[1672,1816,1511,1544]" name="Singapore" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sumatra, Mentawai Is (Siberut and Sipora), Borneo, Banggi I, Java, Kangean I, Bali I, Nusa Penida I, Lombok I, Sumba I, Sulawesi, Peleng I, Karakelang I, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF93D9063195FBD65" box="[1729,1887,1594,1623]" name="Philippines" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Lubang,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCF80290631672BD65" box="[2046,2162,1594,1623]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Samar,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCF70C90631750BD65" box="[2288,2384,1594,1623]" country="Philippines" name="Biliran" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Biliran</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCF699906317B3BD65" box="[2405,2483,1594,1623]" country="Philippines" name="Southern Leyte" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Leyte</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCF63A9063141CBD65" box="[2502,2588,1594,1623]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Bohol</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Mindanao Is) including some offshore Is.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA4E90D4177AB34D" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4E90D4177AB34D" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA4E90D418AFBD94" bold="true" box="[1458,1711,1677,1702]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body c.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCF87E90D4161EBD94" box="[1922,2078,1677,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="39.0">39-41 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCF79690D41702BD94" box="[2154,2306,1677,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35-50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCF6B290D417D7BD94" box="[2382,2519,1677,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9-15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 5-7-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFA1790ED1851BDFF" box="[1515,1617,1716,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 26-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCF8F090ED198CBDFF" box="[1804,1932,1716,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="5.0">5-36 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 2-9-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCF7C790ED1669BDFF" box="[2107,2153,1716,1741]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="g" value="6.0">6 g</quantity>
|
||
. Fur is smooth, thick, and silky. Dorsal pelage is generally deep brown (hairs dark-based with pale gray or brown tips); venter is paler and grayer; and overall, pelage is lighter than in the Dark Woolly Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCFA43917B1836BC71" box="[1471,1590,1826,1859]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furva">K. furva</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Young are grayer. Membranes are brown and semi-translucent, and other bare parts are brown. Ears are funnel-shaped, and fold extends from base of ear to halfway up posterior margin; tragus is long and pointed, with distinct basal notch, and curves slightly outward at tip. Wings are attached at base of toes, and calcar is well developed and curved. Thickened smooth pad occurs at base of thumbs used for gripping. Skull is broadly similar to that of the Dark Woolly Bat but with proportionally higher braincase; skull is domed unlike in the Flatskulled Woolly Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF63F9E561458B302" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1906" box="[2499,2648,2063,2096]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressa">K. depressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Dental formula for all species of Kerivoulais 12/3, C1/1,P 3/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 38. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 46 or 48 (Borneo).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA4F9EDC19BCB3C4" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4F9EDC19BCB3C4" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA4F9EDC1822B394" bold="true" box="[1459,1570,2181,2214]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Various forest habitats, including tropical primary forests; dry forests; hill forests; lowland, montane, and ridge-top mossy forests; and peat bogs and heath forests (Borneo) at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCF8E19E8019B8B3C4" box="[1821,1976,2265,2294]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="m" value="830.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="60.0">60-1600 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA4F9EA5163BB276" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4F9EA5163BB276" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA4F9EA518BEB22F" bold="true" box="[1459,1726,2300,2333]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Hardwicke’s Woolly Bats are highly maneuverable but slow fliers and likely forage by aerial hawking near water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA4F9F131465B259" box="[1459,2661,2378,2411]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4F9F131465B259" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" box="[1459,2661,2378,2411]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA4F9F131835B259" bold="true" box="[1459,1589,2378,2411]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
A lactating Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat was caught inJanuary in Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF6129F131461B259" box="[2542,2657,2378,2411]" name="Malaysia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA4D9F281722B02F" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA4D9F281722B02F" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA4D9F2818A1B2A0" bold="true" box="[1457,1697,2417,2450]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat reportedly roosts in foliage, tree hollows, houses, and pitcher plants. In Borneo, the pitcher plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF6FC9FC0177EB288" box="[2304,2430,2457,2490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" genus="Nepenthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nepenthes</taxonomicName>
|
||
hemsleyana (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF5C99FC01856B2D3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nepenthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Nepenthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is somewhat mutualistic/symbiotic with Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat; they gain high-quality roosts and give nutrients to plants by defecating in pitchers. Although this benefits both organisms, it might cause the pitcher to wilt faster, which might be energetically costly for the plant. In southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF7159C6F176AB165" box="[2281,2410,2614,2647]" name="Thailand" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, call is weak and steep FM sweep, with average start frequency of 169-6 kHz, end frequency of 90-7 kHz, peak frequency of 118-3 kHz, duration of 3-2 milliseconds, and interpulse interval of 15-6 milliseconds. In another study in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCF7A49CF416DAB1FC" box="[2136,2266,2733,2766]" name="Thailand" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, average start frequency was 125-7 kHz, end frequency was 104-5 kHz, peak frequency was 114-8 kHz, duration was 0-6 milliseconds, and interpulse interval was 16-1 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA489D7A196AB05E" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA489D7A196AB05E" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA489D7A167FB076" bold="true" box="[1460,2175,2851,2884]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat probably roosts alone or in small groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA489D2A1453B0D0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA489D2A1453B0D0" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA489D2A1907B0A6" bold="true" box="[1460,1799,2931,2964]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Hardwicke’s Woolly Bats are widespread and relatively common, and they do not seem to face any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCF5E49DC31467B089" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[2584,2663,2970,3003]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
threats. They might be locally threatened by deforestation from logging and agriculture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFA499DAB179AB7B3" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFA499DAB179AB7B3" blockId="136.[1457,2666,1235,3201]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFA499DAB184EB739" bold="true" box="[1461,1614,3058,3083]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, Struebig et al. (2007), Douangboubpha et al. (2016), Esselstyn, Widmann & Heaney (2004), Hasan & Abdullah (2011), Heaney et al. (2016), Hughes et al. (2011), Khan (2008), Khan et al. (2010), Kuo Haochih et al. (2017), Leong & Lim (2009), Lim et al. (2015), Rosell-Ambal, Tabaranza, Heaney, Molur & Srinivasulu (2008), Schoner et al. (2017), Tu Vuong Tan et al. (2018), Yu Wenhua et al. (2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |