258 lines
30 KiB
XML
258 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="6CEA5E722A6F1ADB21D717E09D809974">
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<mods:title id="43FB89423F654A897AF758AEE39A6817">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="823D772D211D2C6EFA8F25753EE95F97">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C0D97A27B91CA0EC2675C4DA100D710">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="7C635C36C0F20525ABB5FAD61D667F7F">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="A48B48557222F5D3C188005423865945">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="17E38BF04E33C245CF4F5E2001CA8E41">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="EDB2617A115BCD62B46510BD1CB3198D">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DA51AF1FE090A97D54D2AA46151FB334">981</mods:end>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF696AD6FF9794591B20B7B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581369" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581369" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF696AD6FF9794591B20B7B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF696AD6FF9794591B20B7B6" lastPageNumber="907" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF9794591EBDB900" box="[107,189,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF9794591EBDB900" blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[107,189,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<heading id="9F638192FF696AD6FF9794591EBDB900" box="[107,189,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF696AD6FF9794591EBDB900" box="[107,189,512,562]" captionStart="Plate 68: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="146.[110,139,3296,3321]" captionTargetBox="[11,2760,17,3656]" captionTargetPageId="145" captionText="324. Hairy-winged Bat (Harpiocephalus harpia), 325. Gray Tube-nosed Bat (Harprola grisea), 326. Formosan Tube-nosed Bat (Harpiola isodon), 327. Rufous Tube-nosed Bat (Murina leucogaster), 328. Bicolored Tube-nosed Bat (Murina bicolor), 329. Rongjiang Tube-nosed Bat (Murina rongjiangensis), 330. Fang He Tube-nosed Bat (Murina fanjingshanensis), 331. Shuipu Tube-nosed Bat (Murina shuipuensis), 332. Dusky Tube-nosed Bat (Munrina fusca), 333. Hilgendorf’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina hilgendorfi), 334. Litde Tube-nosed Bat (Murina aurata), 335. Jaintia Tube-nosed Bat (Murina jaintiana), 336. Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat (Murina pluvialis), 337. Fea’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina feae), 338. Beelzebub Tube-nosed Bat (Murina beelzebud), 339. Lorelie’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina lorelieae), 340. Vietnamese Tube-nosed Bat (Murina harpioloides), 341. Golden-haired Tube-nosed Bat (Murina chrysochaetes), 342. Harrison's Tube-nosed Bat (Murina harrisoni), 343. Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat (Murina ussuriensis), 344. Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat (Murina tenebrosa), 345. Ryukyu Tube-nosed Bat (Murina ryukyuana), 346. Hutton’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina huttonii), 347. Taiwan Tube-nosed Bat (Murina puta)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398936/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">324.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF3294591C36B900" box="[206,566,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF3294591C36B900" blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[206,566,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<heading id="9F638192FF696AD6FF3294591C36B900" box="[206,566,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF696AD6FF3294591C36B900" ID-CoL="6LF9P" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[206,566,512,562]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">Hairy-winged Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FD8794591A18B900" box="[635,1048,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FD8794591A18B900" blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[635,1048,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<heading id="9F638192FF696AD6FD8794591A18B900" box="[635,1048,512,562]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FD8794591A18B900" ID-CoL="6LF9P" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[635,1048,512,562]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FD8794591A18B900" box="[635,1048,512,562]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Harpiocephalus harpia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF96941D1C60B9B3" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF96941D1A4DB96B" blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[106,1101,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<heading id="9F638192FF696AD6FF96941D1A4DB96B" box="[106,1101,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF96941D1EB6B96B" bold="true" box="[106,182,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF696AD6FF43941D1F92B96B" ID-CoL="6LF9P" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[191,402,580,601]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">Murine a ailes velues</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FE5B941D1C01B96B" bold="true" box="[423,513,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF696AD6FDF0941D1CE0B96B" ID-CoL="6LF9P" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[524,736,580,601]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">Haarfllgelfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FD09941D1D50B96B" bold="true" box="[757,848,580,601]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF696AD6FCA6941D1A4DB96B" ID-CoL="6LF9P" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[858,1101,580,601]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">Ratonero de alas pilosas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF9694351C60B9B3" blockId="146.[104,1101,512,643]" box="[106,608,620,641]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<heading id="9F638192FF696AD6FF9694351C60B9B3" box="[106,608,620,641]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF9694351F61B9B3" bold="true" box="[106,353,620,641]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF696AD6FE9794351C60B9B3" ID-CoL="6LF9P" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[363,608,620,641]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">Lesser Hairy-winged Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FD3394EB1D33B9C5" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FD3394EB1D33B9C5" blockId="146.[719,1312,690,1113]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FD3394EB1D6AB9FD" bold="true" box="[719,874,690,719]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FC7A94EB1D14B9C5" ID-CoL="77df8d4a-36f6-4cb3-a4a2-ee2c699b5a1c" authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harpia">Vespertilio harpia Temminck, 1840</taxonomicName>
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, “
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FCCF94881A70B889" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FCCF94881A70B889" blockId="146.[719,1312,690,1113]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF696AD6FCCF94881A70B889" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319627" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
I'lle de
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF696AD6FC6594881DD6B9C5" box="[921,982,721,759]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Java</collectingRegion>
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[
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FC1094881A7BB9C5" box="[1004,1147,721,759]" name="Indonesia" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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] ... les caverns de la partie sud du Volcan de Guédé [= caves of the southern part of Mount Gede].” Based on lectotype selection, restricted by A. M. Husson in 1955 10.*S.E. side of Mount Gede, W.
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF696AD6FBDC95C71A61B889" box="[1056,1121,926,955]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Java</collectingRegion>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FD2D95981D77BFC4" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FD2D95981D77BFC4" blockId="146.[719,1312,690,1113]" lastBlockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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Genetically,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FC7E95981A49B8D0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[898,1097,961,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Harpiocephalus</taxonomicName>
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appears to be sister to the rest of Murininae or imbedded within
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FC8892491DD9BF03" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[884,985,1040,1073]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Murina</taxonomicName>
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and related to M. kontumensis, or to M.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FC2092191A64BF6B" box="[988,1124,1088,1113]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">leucogaster</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FB4C92191EC9BFB2" authorityName="Eger & Lim" authorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="908" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shuipuensis">M. shuipuensis</taxonomicName>
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; exact placement currently uncertain. The form
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FC6592061DF7BFB2" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[921,1015,1119,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Falsistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">mordax</taxonomicName>
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is a synonym; it has sometimes been considered a distinct species based on differing skull size, but this difference actually represents sexual dimorphism, the name
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FC2F92F71A31BFFD" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[979,1073,1198,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Falsistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mordax">mordax</taxonomicName>
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having been applied to the larger females. Four subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF9692A41CF9BD6B" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="distribution">
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||
<caption id="90EB6676FF696AD6FF9692A41CF9BD6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398549/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" targetBox="[104,696,694,1109]" targetPageId="146">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF9692A41DC5BE5F" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF9692A41FFBBE2C" bold="true" box="[106,507,1277,1310]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FF9793711DC5BE5F" authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="harpia" subSpecies="harpia">H.h.harpiaTemminck,1840—MalayPeninsula,Sumatra,Java,Bali,Lombok,andthePhilippines(Luzon,Leyte,Negros,Mindanao,andPalawan).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF97932E1C87BE8E" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FF97932E1C87BE8E" authority="Hodgson, 1847" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1847" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="harpia" subSpecies="lasyurus">H.h.lasyurusHodgson,1847—NEIndia(Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,andMizoram),Bhutan,andNWMyanmar.</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF97939F1A0CBED1" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[107,1036,1478,1507]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FF97939F1A0CBED1" authority="Thomas, 1923" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" box="[107,1036,1478,1507]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="harpia" subSpecies="madrassius">H.h.madrassiusThomas,1923—SIndia(KeralaandTamilNadu).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF9793B01A03BD00" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FF9793B01C1DBD38" authority="G. M. Allen, 1913" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1913" box="[107,541,1513,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="harpia" subSpecies="rufulus">H. h. rufulus G. M. Allen, 1913</taxonomicName>
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— SC & SE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FD3B93B01D1CBD38" box="[711,796,1513,1546]" name="China" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF696AD6FCCF93B01DA2BD38" box="[819,930,1513,1546]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF696AD6FC4993B01A5DBD38" box="[949,1117,1513,1546]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF696AD6FB4C93B01B0FBD38" box="[1200,1295,1513,1546]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FF95904C1EE1BD00" box="[105,225,1557,1586]" name="Vietnam" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(including Cat Ba I), N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FDC6904C1C7CBD00" box="[570,636,1557,1586]" name="Laos" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, C
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FD57904C1D2FBD00" box="[683,815,1557,1586]" name="Myanmar" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FC81904C1DFFBD00" box="[893,1023,1557,1586]" name="Thailand" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF9590611CF9BD6B" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[105,761,1592,1625]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
Also
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FF5390611F10BD6B" box="[175,272,1592,1625]" name="Taiwan" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(subspecies as yet undetermined).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF9690061F84B28D" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF9690061F84B28D" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF9690061F6BBDB2" bold="true" box="[106,363,1631,1664]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF696AD6FDD790061CC5BDB2" box="[555,709,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="66.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="57.0">57-75 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF696AD6FCEC90061DA9BDB2" box="[784,937,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40-50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF696AD6FC0B90061A8EBDB2" box="[1015,1166,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15-18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF696AD6FF9290DE1F02BD9A" box="[110,258,1671,1704]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10-14 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 44-54-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF696AD6FE1190DE1C41BD9A" box="[493,577,1671,1704]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 12-30-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF696AD6FCE990DE1D44BD9A" box="[789,836,1671,1704]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="g" value="2.0">2 g</quantity>
|
||
. Males are distinctly smaller than females. Fur is thick and soft; dorsally bright orange (with dark-based hairs) to dull orangish brown (with gray-based hairs), with bright orange individuals commoner in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FF6F90A41F0BBC2C" box="[147,267,1789,1822]" name="Malaysia" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FE6C90A41C33BC2C" box="[400,563,1789,1822]" name="Philippines" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
; ventrally lighter and grayer. Dorsal pelage extends densely onto wing bases, legs, and feet, and entire uropatagium and rest of wings and forearmsis lightly haired. Entire face is furred except long, protuberant nostrils (similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF696AD6FE7691211FF7BCA7" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[394,503,1912,1941]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Murina</taxonomicName>
|
||
); ears and face are dark brown whereas membranes are blackish brown. Ears are evenly rounded on anterior and posterior borders and generally funnel-shaped; tragus is long, pointed, slightly convex anteriorly, concave on posterior border, and with posterior basal notch. Baculum is forked distally a little before midpoint, the two prongs resembling curved plier handles, being broadest in the middle; main shaft is short with a dorsal ridge and ventral groove. Skull is robust with short, broad, deep rostrum; zygomata are long and relatively strong, with a slight jugal bone; lambdoidal crests are well developed; tympanic bullae and cochleae are small; basioccipital pits are shallow; dentition is robust with massive canines; upper molars are modified and reduced, essentially missing mesostyles, the metacone being the largest cusp; M” is extremely small, being represented by a small “scalelike” tooth that lies against M?; talonids of all three lower molars are reduced. Dental formulais12/3,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 52 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FE269F2C1C57B2A4" box="[474,599,2421,2454]" name="Vietnam" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FD9B9F2C1CCDB2A4" box="[615,717,2421,2454]" name="Taiwan" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF696AD6FCE19F2C1DC9B2A4" box="[797,969,2421,2454]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FC269F2C1A30B2A4" box="[986,1072,2421,2454]" name="China" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and apparently n = 40 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FF109FFB1F76B28D" box="[236,374,2466,2495]" name="Thailand" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF979F9D1F94B1B6" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF979F9D1F94B1B6" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF979F9D1EDBB2D7" bold="true" box="[107,219,2500,2533]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Understory of lowland dipterocarp and hill forests and some disturbed areas in South-east Asia; also montane forests and valleys with tall trees near water in South Asia. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FEE29C4A1FBEB106" box="[286,446,2579,2612]" name="Philippines" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species occurs in primary and disturbed lowland, montane, and mossy forests. Recorded at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF696AD6FCD29C621DD6B16E" box="[814,982,2619,2652]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="2.48" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="m" value="1390.0" valueMax="2480.0" valueMin="300.0">300-2480 m</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FBC79C621ADBB16E" box="[1083,1243,2619,2652]" name="Philippines" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF696AD6FF939C3A1F16B1B6" box="[111,278,2659,2692]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.615" metricValueMax="15.38" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" unit="m" value="861.5" valueMax="1538.0" valueMin="185.0">185-1538 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FEBA9C3A1F91B1B6" box="[326,401,2659,2692]" name="India" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF909CD31A21B199" box="[108,1057,2698,2731]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF909CD31A21B199" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[108,1057,2698,2731]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF909CD31F72B199" bold="true" box="[108,370,2698,2731]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Hairy-winged Bats are known to feed on beetles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF909CEB1FE1B1E1" box="[108,481,2738,2771]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF909CEB1FE1B1E1" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[108,481,2738,2771]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF909CEB1EF2B1E1" bold="true" box="[108,242,2738,2771]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF979C811B1CB07A" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF979C811B1CB07A" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF979C811F51B1CB" bold="true" box="[107,337,2776,2809]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Call shape is a steep FM sweep with start frequency of 111-5 kHz, end frequency 32-5 kHz, peak frequency 57 kHz, and duration 1 millisecond, based on single recording in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FEDC9D7E1F99B07A" box="[288,409,2855,2888]" name="Vietnam" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Peak frequency of 78-3 kHz was recorded in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF696AD6FBF19D7E1AB3B07A" box="[1037,1203,2855,2888]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF696AD6FB3F9D7E1B17B07A" box="[1219,1303,2855,2888]" name="China" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF909D0A1A18B042" box="[108,1048,2899,2928]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF909D0A1A18B042" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" box="[108,1048,2899,2928]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF909D0A1D29B042" bold="true" box="[108,809,2899,2928]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF919D2F1CDBB0D4" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF919D2F1CDBB0D4" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF919D2F1FC9B0A5" bold="true" box="[109,457,2934,2967]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Hairywinged Bat is widespread butis suffering habitat destruction from agricultural expansion and deforestation throughout its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF696AD6FF929DAD1B20B7B6" pageId="146" pageNumber="907" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF696AD6FF929DAD1B20B7B6" blockId="146.[105,1313,1119,3204]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF696AD6FF929DAD1F04B73F" bold="true" box="[110,260,3060,3085]" pageId="146" pageNumber="907">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates & Harrison (1997), Chen Bocheng etal. (2015), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Rosell-Ambal et al. (2008), Das (1986b), Francis (2008a), Francis et al. (2010), Heaney, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016), Hill & Francis (1984), Husson (1955), Kruskop (2013a), Lin Liangkong et al. (2006), Matveev (2005), McBee etal. (1986), Nguyen Truong Son etal. (2015), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Zhou Quan et al. (2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |