222 lines
27 KiB
XML
222 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="DC26E0EDA26F48057E6FDB5AE8E0C631" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF436AFCFF4E90BA16A2BFD9" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis brandtii" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="946" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="946" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="B9A82DA10DAB803A72DC4F19656DE296" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="39BBFB04EFD47CAA0D399C622A9D2254">
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<mods:title id="44DCB4677DB8B51E7474A4BD6F9CA85A">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F8A7B09A107F31AB1B051C47E7F235CF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="02A5CDEDD3C5A19E2AB362C8C9D4A553">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F75AFE778B20532C47077886D1846988">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0231E6302D4D0B6E30B41AC7C303880A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FEFFEAB2228E0691D38B173D9F399A2A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B5A2150C27D1943BE3B4E06AB84664ED">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4BF90F334F6C898C121344ABF7BA7315">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A04597AE886765772B26A5EEF10B882B">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="F0C431D1B5710BE9CD646BAD4F792492" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="C59CC4F38632D5C1DE6820F154EEEEA8">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="2DA00782181F52FD9ED44CF3FD815124">
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<mods:placeTerm id="1B9DC5C125B94D30CC4F31260B0AD20D">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB566170C0B5EEA9DA2CD896C442C1D3">
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<mods:title id="FF66113E1269EE2F69DEB3F34FE0E4C0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="01CC2CB850882225F5F2D1D077DC8D37">
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<mods:extent id="1505E0CE125E9F316AB4859D4327327F" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="CFE56031B9152FC8F7C13B697E948D12">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="32B10219ABD18332BE2B497EFFBFA6A6">981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="6017C932BE93EBDB1EEBCC4A271E197B">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E68CCD8299B9E9BBBCDFF88E6C522FA7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C1C6D786C9A18057345493FB473F113F" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8A89376804AE01BD51263A44BA8C0F42" type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF436AFCFF4E90BA16A2BFD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403743" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403743" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF436AFCFF4E90BA16A2BFD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF436AFCFF4E90BA16A2BFD9" lastPageNumber="946" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFF4E90BA1F05BC27" box="[178,261,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFF4E90BA1F05BC27" blockId="184.[176,1086,1763,1892]" box="[178,261,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<heading id="9F638192FF436AFCFF4E90BA1F05BC27" box="[178,261,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF436AFCFF4E90BA1F05BC27" box="[178,261,1763,1813]" captionStart="Plate 71: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="175.[135,165,3283,3308]" captionTargetBox="[14,2759,17,3659]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="394. Gray Myotis (Myotis grisescens), 395. South-eastern Myotis (Myotis austroriparius), 396. Yuma Myotis (Myotis yumanensis), 397. Cave Myotis (Myotis velifer), 398. Peninsular Myotis (Myotis peninsularis), 399. Guatemalan Myotis (Myotis cobanensis), 400. Chilean Myotis (Myotis chiloensis), 401. Silver-upped Myotis (Myotis albescens), 402. Yellowish Myotis (Myotis levis), 403. Dinelli’s Myotis (Myotis dinellu), 404. Izecksohn’s Myotis (Myotis izecksohni), 405. LaVal's Myotis (Myotis lavali), 406. Montane Myotis (Myotis oxyotus), 407. Clyde Jones's Myotis (Myotis clydejonesi), 408. Schwartz's Myotis (Myotis martiniquensis), 409. Dominican Myotis (Myotis dominicensis), 410. Barbados Myotis (Myotis nyctor), 411. Atacama Myotis (Myotis atacamensis), 412. Curacao Myotis (Myotis nesopolus), 413. Colombian Black Myotis (Myotis caucensis), 414. Sir David Attenborough’s Myotis (Myotis attenboroughi), 415. Handley’s Myotis (Myotis handleyi), 416. Diminutive Myotis (Myotis diminutus), 417. Common Black Myotis (Myotis nigricans), 418. Brandt's Myotis (Myotis brandtii), 419. Siberian Whiskered Myots (Myotis sibiricus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398942/files/figure.png" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">418.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFEE990BA1C57BC27" box="[277,599,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFEE990BA1C57BC27" blockId="184.[176,1086,1763,1892]" box="[277,599,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<heading id="9F638192FF436AFCFEE990BA1C57BC27" box="[277,599,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF436AFCFEE990BA1C57BC27" ID-CoL="8LZBM" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[277,599,1763,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">Brandt's Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFD7790BA1DABBC27" box="[651,939,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFD7790BA1DABBC27" blockId="184.[176,1086,1763,1892]" box="[651,939,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<heading id="9F638192FF436AFCFD7790BA1DABBC27" box="[651,939,1763,1813]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFD7790BA1DABBC27" ID-CoL="8LZBM" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[651,939,1763,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFD7790BA1DABBC27" box="[651,939,1763,1813]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Myotis brandtii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFF4D917E1C2BBC56" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFF4D917E1A3CBC0E" blockId="184.[176,1086,1763,1892]" box="[177,1084,1831,1852]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<heading id="9F638192FF436AFCFF4D917E1A3CBC0E" box="[177,1084,1831,1852]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFF4D917E1EFEBC0E" bold="true" box="[177,254,1831,1852]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF436AFCFEFB917E1FAABC0E" ID-CoL="8LZBM" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[263,426,1831,1852]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">Murin de Brandt</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFE42917E1C18BC0E" bold="true" box="[446,536,1831,1852]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF436AFCFDDE917E1D00BC0E" ID-CoL="8LZBM" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[546,768,1831,1852]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">GroRe Bartfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFCE9917E1D70BC0E" bold="true" box="[789,880,1831,1852]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF436AFCFC86917E1A3CBC0E" ID-CoL="8LZBM" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[890,1084,1831,1852]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">Ratonero de Brandt</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFF4D91161C2BBC56" blockId="184.[176,1086,1763,1892]" box="[177,555,1871,1892]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<heading id="9F638192FF436AFCFF4D91161C2BBC56" box="[177,555,1871,1892]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFF4D91161FA9BC56" bold="true" box="[177,425,1871,1892]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF436AFCFE4E91161C2BBC56" ID-CoL="8LZBM" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[434,555,1871,1892]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">Brandt's Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFCE991C81D60BCE8" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFCE991C81D60BCE8" blockId="184.[789,1383,1937,2365]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFCE991C81DB1BC80" bold="true" box="[789,945,1937,1970]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFC3A91C81D5BBCE8" ID-CoL="8LJ6Y" authority="Eversmann, 1845" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">Vespertilio brandtii Eversmann, 1845</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFC9791E41A84BCE8" box="[875,1156,1981,2010]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFC9791E41A84BCE8" blockId="184.[789,1383,1937,2365]" box="[875,1156,1981,2010]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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||
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF436AFCFC9791E41A84BCE8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319436" box="[875,1156,1981,2010]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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Orenburgsk,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF436AFCFBDB91E41A80BCE8" box="[1063,1152,1981,2010]" name="Russia" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Russia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFCEB91B91B3CB31B" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFCEB91B91B3CB31B" blockId="184.[789,1383,1937,2365]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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Subgenus Pizonyx;
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFBD791B91A91B333" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1845" box="[1067,1169,2016,2049]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">brandtii</taxonomicName>
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species group (2 species).
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF436AFCFC3C9E511DEFB31B" box="[960,1007,2056,2089]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">See</collectingRegion>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFC069E511A91B31B" authorityName="Kastschenko" authorityYear="1905" box="[1018,1169,2056,2089]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">M. sibiricus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFCEA9E761B41B20F" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF436AFCFCEA9E761B41B20F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398813/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" targetBox="[175,767,1950,2365]" targetPageId="184">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFCEA9E761B41B20F" blockId="184.[789,1383,1937,2365]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFCEA9E761DC6B362" bold="true" box="[790,966,2095,2128]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Distribution.</emphasis>
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N & C Europe from S Fennoscandia and
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF436AFCFC109E0E1AA2B34A" box="[1004,1186,2135,2168]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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to SE Europe and W Siberia, isolated populations in C
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF436AFCFCEB9EF41D51B3F4" box="[791,849,2221,2246]" name="Italy" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Italy</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF436AFCFC9F9EF41DC3B3F4" box="[867,963,2221,2246]" name="Turkey" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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, Caucasus, and C Asia. Exact distribution is uncertain because of confusion with field identification with the Common Whiskered Myotis (
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFB8E9F451B34B20F" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1138,1332,2332,2365]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">M. mystacinus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFF4D9F1D1A51B00D" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFF4D9F1D1A51B00D" blockId="184.[176,1384,2372,3352]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFF4D9F1D1FAFB257" bold="true" box="[177,431,2372,2405]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF436AFCFD8C9F1D1D09B257" box="[624,777,2372,2405]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="39.0">39-51 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF436AFCFCAB9F1D1DEFB257" box="[855,1007,2372,2405]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" unit="mm" value="38.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="32.0">32-44 mm</quantity>
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||
, ear
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF436AFCFBBC9F1D1AD6B257" box="[1088,1238,2372,2405]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="12.0">12-17 mm</quantity>
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||
, hindfoot 7-9, forearm 33-38-
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF436AFCFE289F321C2EB2BE" box="[468,558,2411,2444]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF436AFCFD509F321CFDB2BE" box="[684,765,2411,2444]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" unit="g" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5-7 g</quantity>
|
||
. Brandt's
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFC699F321DEFB2BE" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[917,1007,2411,2444]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
has remarkably long and wide-spaced ears, resembling its sister species, the Common Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFB679FCA1AF8B286" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1179,1272,2451,2484]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It lacks postcalcariallobe to membrane. Fur is typically brownish or blackish, with golden tips. Venteris only slightly paler than dorsum. Brownish color becomes more evident with age; juveniles are almost completely black. Bare skin is darker than on other species such as Daubenton’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFE189C691C3EB163" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[484,574,2608,2641]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. daubentonit). Male Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFBE89C691A6DB163" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1044,1133,2608,2641]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from other cryptic species such as the Common Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFB4B9C011B10B14B" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1207,1296,2648,2681]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its uniformly thinner penis. Skull is slender and delicate, but large with flat frontal and parietal regions. I* has shallow groove or tiny protuberance on palatal edge of cingulum; P? and P, are comparatively robust and high, P, usually reaching two-thirds height of P,; P_ is slightly intruded from tooth row; paraconules are usually present on molars. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 52 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF436AFCFC469D471A43B00D" box="[954,1091,2846,2879]" name="Germany" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFF4E9D1C1FCAB0EF" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFF4E9D1C1FCAB0EF" blockId="184.[176,1384,2372,3352]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFF4E9D1C1F21B054" bold="true" box="[178,289,2885,2918]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Mixed, coniferous, and broadleaf forests, usually close to aquatic habitats such as swamps, lakes, moors, or damp areas, from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF436AFCFB319D351B3AB0BF" box="[1229,1338,2924,2957]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
. In the southernmost part of its distribution, Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFC869DCD1DD4B087" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[890,980,2964,2997]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more commonly found in the mountain areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFF4E9DBA1B02B793" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFF4E9DBA1B02B793" blockId="184.[176,1384,2372,3352]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFF4E9DBA1FB5B736" bold="true" box="[178,437,3043,3076]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Although Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFD369DBA1D23B736" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[714,803,3043,3076]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds close to aquatic habitats, it feeds on terrestrial insects. Typical foraging habitats include forest edges and tree lines. It uses aerial hawking to capture insects in flight. It is very agile and maneuverable, especially in light riparian, beech, and oak forests. It also hunts above tree canopies. Its most common prey is moths, spiders, midges, mosquitoes, harvestmen, and earwigs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFF4E9AF116A7BAE7" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFF4E9AF116A7BAE7" blockId="184.[176,1384,2372,3352]" lastBlockId="184.[1450,2661,279,1263]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFF4E9AF11F39B7FB" bold="true" box="[178,313,3240,3273]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Maternity colonies of Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFCF19AF11D66B7FB" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[781,870,3240,3273]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are commonly found in buildings, attics of houses, or artificial empty cavities in roofs but also tree holes and bat boxes. Maternity colonies in natural roosts are formed by several tens of females, with some reports with up to 200 individuals. In bat boxes, they rarely exceed 20 individuals, sometimes being mixed with some pipistrelle bats. Young (normally single but sometimes twins) are usually born during in June, with dates varying latitudinally. Females became sexually active only in their second year oflife. Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCF6B497D417A2BA9C" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2376,2466,397,430]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
holds the record for bat longevity in the wild at 41 years in Siberia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFA5697821702B941" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFA5697821702B941" blockId="184.[1450,2661,279,1263]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFA5697821899BACE" bold="true" box="[1450,1689,475,508]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
In summer, Brandt’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCF82097821635BACE" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2012,2101,475,508]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
roost in tree holes, cracks, crevices in trunks, between timbers, or behind peeling bark. It seems to prefer roosting far from human settlements. Echolocation is clearly Myotislike, with broadband, highly modulated pulses. Calls are c.4-7 milliseconds long at 20-100 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFA5094201670B852" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFA5094201670B852" blockId="184.[1450,2661,279,1263]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFA5094201673B9A8" bold="true" box="[1452,2163,633,666]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCF6FF9420175CB9A8" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2307,2396,633,666]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported to migrate up to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF436AFCF9B394F818B6B9F0" box="[1615,1718,673,706]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
|
||
, or it can be locally sedentary. It usually moves from summer roosts to hibernation sites that tend to be caves, mines, or cellars with small numbers and clusters. It starts dispersing in July, earlier than in other species, and males occupy swarmingsites early in August. During summer, one colony foraged in up to 13 different areas of 1-4 ha each, totally more than 100 ha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFA51953C190EB8CF" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFA51953C190EB8CF" blockId="184.[1450,2661,279,1263]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFA51953C190EB8B4" bold="true" box="[1453,1806,869,902]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF436AFCFA5195D71806B89D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1453,1542,910,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread, occurs at high densities, and is fairly common in most of its distribution, especially in northern areas. It is decreasing only in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF436AFCF65B95EC1409B8E4" box="[2471,2569,949,982]" name="Turkey" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
at the border ofits distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF436AFCFA51925516A2BFD9" pageId="184" pageNumber="946" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF436AFCFA51925516A2BFD9" blockId="184.[1450,2661,279,1263]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF436AFCFA5192551847BF17" bold="true" box="[1453,1607,1036,1061]" pageId="184" pageNumber="946">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Abe et al. (2005), Agnelli et al. (2004), Bannikov (1954), Benda &Tsytsulina (2000), Boston, Buckley et al. (2010), Boston, Hanrahan et al. (2011), Ekman & de Jong (1996), Gerell (1999), von Helversen et al. (2001), Horacek et al. (2000), Hutson, Spitzenberger, Coroiu et al. (2008), Hutterer et al. (2005), Jiang Jianjun et al. (2016), Koopman (1993), Podlutsky et al. (2005), Ruprecht (1974), Seim et al. (2013), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Sokolov & Orlov (1980), Tinnin et al. (2002), Toffoli (2007), Tsytsulina (2001), Tupinier (2001), Vlaschenko, Hukov et al. (2016), Volleth & Heller (2012), Won Chang-Man & Smith (1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |