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<document id="2107941EA72DC1986D3E71C21F81550A" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF3F6A80FA4D947C18ABB7C9" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis muricola" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="958" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="958" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="15FF4335EB5D1CDAF04C8C2CD0A8DFAB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F4299A0EDDD55D571BE288585F2D49BB">
<mods:title id="DD534533D469DD60312E20E54BED35EB">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C262416310D3DE777FFAAE3DBB23C6BD">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4040972FD77CC850B616AADF3C332A0A">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="E09F231D757092DEB39321CBE3EC0E3E">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="ACA214369F2C9D645BB1A4A905F27EE0">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="A0EB1B2D508D8B943A7C33B69C8D6CFF">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF3F6A80FA4D947C18ABB7C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577907" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF3F6A80FA4D947C18ABB7C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF3F6A80FA4D947C18ABB7C9" lastPageNumber="958" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA4D947C1803B965" box="[1457,1539,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA4D947C1803B965" blockId="196.[1455,2484,549,682]" box="[1457,1539,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<heading id="9F638192FF3F6A80FA4D947C1803B965" box="[1457,1539,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF3F6A80FA4D947C1803B965" box="[1457,1539,549,599]" captionStart="Plate 72: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="187.[130,160,3289,3314]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,20,3661]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="420. Herman's Myotis (Myotis hermani), 421. Bartels’s Myotis (Myotis bartelii), 422. Weber’s Myotis (Myotis weberi), 423. Orange-fingered Myotis (Myotis rufopictus), 424. Black-and-orange Myotis (Myotis formosus), 425. Geoftroy’s Myotis (Myotis emarginatus), 426. Temminck's. 3 Myotis (Myotis tricolor), 427. Welwitsch’s Myotis (Myotis welwitschii), 428. Reddish-black Myotis (Myotis rufoniger), 429. Scott's Myotis (Myotis scotti), 430. Morris's Myotis (Myotis morrisi), 431. Bocage’ Myotis (Myotis bocagii), 432. Malagasy Myotis (Myotis goudotii), 433. Anjouan Myotis (Myotis anjouanensis), 434. Kock’s Myotis (Myotis dieteri), 435. Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis (Myotis alcathoe), 436. Hyrcanian Myotis (Myotis hyrcanicus), 437. Pond Myotis (Myotis dasycneme), 438. Ikonnikov’ ' s Myotis (Myotis tkonnikovi), 439. Sichuan Myous (Myotis altarium), 440. Common Whiskered Myotis (Myotis mystacinus), 441. David’s Myotis (Myotis davidii), 442. Valley Myotis (Myotis ancricola), 443. Anna Tess’s Myotis (Myotis annatessae), 444. Gomantong Myotis (Myotis gomantongensis), 445. Peters’s Myotis (Myotis ater), 446. Nepalese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis muricola), 447. Brown’s Whiskered Myotis (Myotis browni), 448. Insular Myotis (Myotis insularum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398946/files/figure.png" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">446.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80F9E8947C1652B965" box="[1556,2130,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80F9E8947C1652B965" blockId="196.[1455,2484,549,682]" box="[1556,2130,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<heading id="9F638192FF3F6A80F9E8947C1652B965" box="[1556,2130,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3F6A80F9E8947C1652B965" ID-CoL="8LZDJ" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1556,2130,549,599]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">Nepalese Whiskered Myotis</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80F77A947C17B4B965" box="[2182,2484,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80F77A947C17B4B965" blockId="196.[1455,2484,549,682]" box="[2182,2484,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<heading id="9F638192FF3F6A80F77A947C17B4B965" box="[2182,2484,549,599]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F77A947C17B4B965" ID-CoL="8LZDJ" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[2182,2484,549,599]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80F77A947C17B4B965" box="[2182,2484,549,599]" italics="true" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Myotis muricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA4C94301647B997" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA4C9430172FB94C" blockId="196.[1455,2484,549,682]" box="[1456,2351,617,638]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<heading id="9F638192FF3F6A80FA4C9430172FB94C" box="[1456,2351,617,638]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA4C94301BFCB94C" bold="true" box="[1456,1532,617,638]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3F6A80F9FA94301893B94C" ID-CoL="8LZDJ" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1542,1683,617,638]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">Murin de Gray</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80F95494301902B94C" bold="true" box="[1704,1794,617,638]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3F6A80F8F794301606B94C" ID-CoL="8LZDJ" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1803,2054,617,638]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">Sudasien-Bartfledermaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80F7E094301677B94C" bold="true" box="[2076,2167,617,638]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3F6A80F77D9430172FB94C" ID-CoL="8LZDJ" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[2177,2351,617,638]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">Ratonero de Gray</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA4C94C91647B997" blockId="196.[1455,2484,549,682]" box="[1456,2119,656,677]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<heading id="9F638192FF3F6A80FA4C94C91647B997" box="[1456,2119,656,677]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA4C94C918A7B997" bold="true" box="[1456,1703,656,677]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3F6A80F94D94C919A8B997" ID-CoL="8LZDJ" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1713,1960,656,677]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">Nepalese Whiskered Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3F6A80F84F94C91647B997" ID-CoL="8LZDJ" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1971,2119,656,677]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">Whiskered Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80F7E8948A16F1B82E" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80F7E8948A16F1B82E" blockId="196.[2068,2663,723,1151]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80F7E8948A16B0B9C6" bold="true" box="[2068,2224,723,756]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F73C948A143FB9C6" ID-CoL="8LJ7Z" authorityName="J.F. Gray" authorityYear="1846" box="[2240,2623,723,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">Vespertilio muricola J. E. Gray</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF3F6A80F7E9955A16ECB82E" box="[2069,2284,771,796]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Hodgson, 1846</treatmentCitation>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80F700955A1755B82E" box="[2300,2389,771,796]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80F700955A1755B82E" blockId="196.[2068,2663,723,1151]" box="[2300,2389,771,796]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF3F6A80F700955A1755B82E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319544" box="[2300,2389,771,796]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F700955A1751B82E" box="[2300,2385,771,796]" name="Nepal" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Nepal</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80F7E9957F1850BEA1" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80F7E9957F1850BEA1" blockId="196.[2068,2663,723,1151]" lastBlockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F751957F1704B871" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2221,2308,806,835]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F6E5957F1789B871" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[2329,2441,806,835]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">muricola</taxonomicName>
species group. Closely related to
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F6CF9510179DB858" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[2355,2461,841,874]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">M. ater</taxonomicName>
(which see). Based on genetic data, morphometric data, and dentition, three taxa (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F5EB95F8164AB8D3" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1932" baseAuthorityName="Kishida" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">latirostris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F798959116F4B8D3" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1859" box="[2148,2292,968,993]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caliginosus">caliginosus</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F6AA959117F7B8D3" authorityName="MilneEdwards" authorityYear="1872" box="[2390,2551,968,993]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moupinensis">moupinensis</taxonomicName>
) previously considered races of this species have been moved to genus
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F64F9256145FBF02" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" box="[2483,2655,1039,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Submyotodon</taxonomicName>
, hitherto known only from fossil material. Populations of
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F7049207179ABF4D" box="[2296,2458,1118,1151]" name="Philippines" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F61192071463BF4D" box="[2541,2659,1118,1151]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
previously attributed to this species are now placed tentatively in M. brown: (which see). Internal taxonomy requires revision: populations of
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F70E92F51777BFFF" box="[2290,2423,1196,1229]" name="Indonesia" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
and Lesser Sundas represent a species complex, as none of the individual island populations seem to cluster together monophyletically. Bornean populations form a monophyletic clade that is sister to a clade formed by South-east Asian and Sumatran populations. Form niasensis (Nias, off western
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F80C93131669BE59" box="[2032,2153,1354,1387]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
) may be a distinct race or species. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA5393C716D4BD03" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF3F6A80FA5393C716D4BD03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398882" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398882/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" targetBox="[1453,2044,737,1152]" targetPageId="196">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA5393C716D4BD03" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA5393C7185FBE89" bold="true" box="[1455,1631,1438,1467]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F99293C718C3BE89" box="[1646,1731,1438,1467]" name="Nepal" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, E &amp; NE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F8AE93C7199CBE89" box="[1874,1948,1438,1467]" name="India" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">India</collectingCountry>
(including
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F7B593C716AFBE89" box="[2121,2223,1438,1467]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F73093C71735BE89" box="[2252,2357,1438,1467]" name="Bhutan" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F6B493C717CCBE89" box="[2376,2508,1438,1467]" name="Myanmar" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, SE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F5EC93C71464BE89" box="[2576,2660,1438,1467]" name="China" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80FA40939C1838BED0" box="[1468,1592,1477,1506]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F9B6939C18AEBED0" box="[1610,1710,1477,1506]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Hunan</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F902939C197CBED0" box="[1790,1916,1477,1506]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
), SE Asia, Borneo (including Bunguran Is),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F613939C1464BED0" box="[2543,2660,1477,1506]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
(including Simeulue, Nias, and Sipora Is),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F7E993B41653BD38" box="[2069,2131,1517,1546]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F79A93B4169DBD38" box="[2150,2205,1517,1546]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Bali</collectingRegion>
, Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, and Flores Is), and C
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F855904D162CBD03" box="[1961,2092,1556,1585]" name="Indonesia" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F7BE904D16ABBD03" box="[2114,2219,1556,1585]" name="Indonesia" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Ambon</collectingCountry>
I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA53906E1600B3E2" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA53906E1600B3E2" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA53906E18A8BD6A" bold="true" box="[1455,1704,1591,1624]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3F6A80F8A2906E19F3BD6A" box="[1886,2035,1591,1624]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="41.0">41-51 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3F6A80F7CA906E16CBBD6A" box="[2102,2251,1591,1624]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" unit="mm" value="42.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="35.0">35-49 mm</quantity>
, ear 10-6—14-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3F6A80F675906E17DABD6A" box="[2441,2522,1591,1624]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot 4-6-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3F6A80FA1690061841BDB2" box="[1514,1601,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
, forearm 31-2-38-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3F6A80F8B4900619A0BDB2" box="[1864,1952,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
; weight 3-2-6-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3F6A80F793900616A0BDB2" box="[2159,2208,1631,1664]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
. Pelage of the Nepalese Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80FA0190DF1856BD95" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1533,1622,1670,1703]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is soft and thick; dorsally dark brown (hairs with black or dark brown roots and dark brown to russet brown tips); ventrally slightly paler (black roots and buff brown tips); dorsally light gray in subadults. Face is bare along rostrum and immediately around small eyes, but there is a well-developed fringe of hairs on upper lip. Ears are fairly small and narrow; tragus is long, narrow and straight, with bluntly pointed tip. Hindfeet are small; wing membrane attaches to base offirst toe; calcar has well-developed postcalcarial lobe. Baculum is small and saddle-shaped, with rounded tip. Skull is smaller than in the Common Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F76491C316F2BC89" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2200,2290,1946,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F6F591C317CCBC89" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[2313,2508,1946,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">M. mystacinus</taxonomicName>
), generally smooth in profile and with comparatively flattened rostrum and braincase compared to the Common Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F8B991B0199EB338" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1861,1950,2025,2058]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
and the Himalayan Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F69091B017C6B338" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2412,2502,2025,2058]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
(M.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F5EF91B01BF1B300" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siligorensis">siligorensis</taxonomicName>
); sagittal crest and lambdoid crests are very weak. C' exceeds height of P* P? is about two-thirds of crown area of P?, both of which are small and within tooth row (P? is sometimesslightly displaced lingually); P, is about half the crown area and height of P,, both being within tooth row; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50 (
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F8979EEA19F2B3E2" box="[1899,2034,2227,2256]" name="Thailand" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Thailand</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA539E8E18C3B25C" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA539E8E18C3B25C" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA539E8E181EB3CA" bold="true" box="[1455,1566,2263,2296]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Habitat.</emphasis>
The Nepalese Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F8599E8E19FEB3CA" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1957,2046,2263,2296]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
can be found in a variety of primary and secondary, lowland and montane forests, as well as scrub, secondary growth, and gardens. Recorded at elevations from sea level up to
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3F6A80F7819F7F16E3B275" box="[2173,2275,2342,2375]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F6E99F7F178CB275" box="[2325,2444,2342,2375]" name="Vietnam" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F6269F7F145EB275" box="[2522,2654,2342,2375]" name="Myanmar" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, to
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3F6A80FA299F14183AB25C" box="[1493,1594,2381,2414]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F9969F1418BFB25C" box="[1642,1727,2381,2414]" name="Nepal" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Nepal</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA539F2C16B8B2D7" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA539F2C16B8B2D7" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA539F2C18B4B2A4" bold="true" box="[1455,1716,2421,2454]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Nepalese Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F7D69F2C1684B2A4" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2090,2180,2421,2454]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
flies fast and has been seen foraging in forest understory, above roads, and in gaps in forest along streams, generally staying within the cover of the forest. It is insectivorous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA539FB216DCB169" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA539FB216DCB169" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA539FB21835B13E" bold="true" box="[1455,1589,2539,2572]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Breeding.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F9949FB218E2B13E" box="[1640,1762,2539,2572]" name="Vietnam" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, pregnant females were found in first half of April; lactating females were caught in April in
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3F6A80F8AB9C4A1673B106" box="[1879,2163,2579,2612]" country="Vietnam" name="Lam Dong" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Lam Dong Province</collectingRegion>
, and November in Cat Tien. These data suggest that the species may have two peaks in births.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA519C3B195BB05D" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA519C3B195BB05D" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA519C3B1899B1B1" bold="true" box="[1453,1689,2658,2691]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Nepalese Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F7E89C3B166DB1B1" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2068,2157,2658,2691]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
leaves the roost shortly before sunset to forage. It roosts in tightly rolled leaves of various broadleaved trees; it seems to favor banana leaves for roosts but has also been seen roosting in caves and tree hollows. Call shape is a steep FM call with start frequency of 118 kHz, end frequency 55-3 kHz, frequency of maximum energy 82-3 kHz, duration 5-2 milliseconds, and pulse interval 59-4 milliseconds (
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F8829D7E1604B07A" box="[1918,2052,2855,2888]" name="Thailand" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Thailand</collectingCountry>
). In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3F6A80F7BA9D7E16D6B07A" box="[2118,2262,2855,2888]" name="Singapore" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, frequency of maximum energy was recorded at 57-2 kHz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA539D2F1672B08C" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA539D2F1672B08C" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA539D2F1681B0A5" bold="true" box="[1455,2177,2934,2967]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
The Nepalese Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F5F69D2F1463B0A5" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2570,2659,2934,2967]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
generally roosts in small groups of 1-8 individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA539D901457B73F" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA539D901457B73F" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA539D901913B0D4" bold="true" box="[1455,1811,3017,3046]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. As currently defined, the Nepalese Whiskered
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3F6A80F81B9DB51640B73F" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2023,2112,3052,3085]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is widespread and relatively common.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3F6A80FA4C9A4418ABB7C9" pageId="196" pageNumber="958" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3F6A80FA4C9A4418ABB7C9" blockId="196.[1453,2663,1157,3323]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3F6A80FA4C9A44184AB704" bold="true" box="[1456,1610,3101,3126]" pageId="196" pageNumber="958">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Bates &amp; Harrison (1997), Bates, Csorba, Bumrungsri et al. (2008), Bates, Nwe Tin et al. (2005), Benda (2010a), Bickham et al. (1986), Corbet &amp; Hill (1992), Francis (2008a), Francis et al. (2010), Hughes et al. (2011), Kruskop (2013a), Kruskop &amp; Borisenko (2013), Kruskop, Borisenko et al. (2018), Lack et al. (2010), Phillipps &amp; Phillipps (2016), Pottie et al. (2005), Ruedi &amp; Mayer (2001), Ruedi, Csorba et al. (2015), Ruedi, Stadelmann et al. (2013), Smith &amp; Xie Yan (2008), Stadelmann et al. (2007), Wiantoro et al. (2012), Zhang Zhenzhen et al. (2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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