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<document id="908E13067D77F475508C7882450E84BE" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF3A6A85FA8492171909B6A6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis ikonnikovi Ognev 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="955" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="955" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="EA4A8A825A0A9CDEDD4529DF0A8E7301" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8F4CD270CEEFA294817CFE4E8C8991AC">
<mods:title id="1FBEB5F3B646975D0A961FC5F06FC60C">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4C1C1D92FF3D1A5984CBD14F443F1420">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="06CF834C495A6CABFF7EC506C5DCC33D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="9F3B657C4386FD123215DBD7BD010D41">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="A331D598839E5DDF4CE39373C77352F8">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF3A6A85FA8492171909B6A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577304" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF3A6A85FA8492171909B6A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF3A6A85FA8492171909B6A6" lastPageNumber="955" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA8492171BCBBF4E" box="[1400,1483,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA8492171BCBBF4E" blockId="193.[1398,2362,1102,1227]" box="[1400,1483,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="9F638192FF3A6A85FA8492171BCBBF4E" box="[1400,1483,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF3A6A85FA8492171BCBBF4E" box="[1400,1483,1102,1148]" captionStart="Plate 72: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="187.[130,160,3289,3314]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,20,3661]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="420. Herman's Myotis (Myotis hermani), 421. Bartels’s Myotis (Myotis bartelii), 422. Weber’s Myotis (Myotis weberi), 423. Orange-fingered Myotis (Myotis rufopictus), 424. Black-and-orange Myotis (Myotis formosus), 425. Geoftroy’s Myotis (Myotis emarginatus), 426. Temminck's. 3 Myotis (Myotis tricolor), 427. Welwitsch’s Myotis (Myotis welwitschii), 428. Reddish-black Myotis (Myotis rufoniger), 429. Scott's Myotis (Myotis scotti), 430. Morris's Myotis (Myotis morrisi), 431. Bocage’ Myotis (Myotis bocagii), 432. Malagasy Myotis (Myotis goudotii), 433. Anjouan Myotis (Myotis anjouanensis), 434. Kock’s Myotis (Myotis dieteri), 435. Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis (Myotis alcathoe), 436. Hyrcanian Myotis (Myotis hyrcanicus), 437. Pond Myotis (Myotis dasycneme), 438. Ikonnikov’ ' s Myotis (Myotis tkonnikovi), 439. Sichuan Myous (Myotis altarium), 440. Common Whiskered Myotis (Myotis mystacinus), 441. David’s Myotis (Myotis davidii), 442. Valley Myotis (Myotis ancricola), 443. Anna Tess’s Myotis (Myotis annatessae), 444. Gomantong Myotis (Myotis gomantongensis), 445. Peters’s Myotis (Myotis ater), 446. Nepalese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis muricola), 447. Brown’s Whiskered Myotis (Myotis browni), 448. Insular Myotis (Myotis insularum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398946/files/figure.png" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">438.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA209217195FBF4E" box="[1500,1887,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA209217195FBF4E" blockId="193.[1398,2362,1102,1227]" box="[1500,1887,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="9F638192FF3A6A85FA209217195FBF4E" box="[1500,1887,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3A6A85FA209217195FBF4E" ID-CoL="8LZRN" authority="Ognev, 1912" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1912" box="[1500,1887,1102,1148]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikonnikovi">Ikonnikov’'s Myotis</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85F868921716E5BF4E" box="[1940,2277,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85F868921716E5BF4E" blockId="193.[1398,2362,1102,1227]" box="[1940,2277,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="9F638192FF3A6A85F868921716E5BF4E" box="[1940,2277,1102,1148]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F868921716E5BF4E" ID-CoL="8LZRN" authority="Ognev, 1912" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1912" box="[1940,2277,1102,1148]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikonnikovi">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85F868921716E5BF4E" box="[1940,2277,1102,1148]" italics="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Myotis ikonnikovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA8B92D71621BFF9" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA8B92D71739BF91" blockId="193.[1398,2362,1102,1227]" box="[1399,2361,1166,1187]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="9F638192FF3A6A85FA8B92D71739BF91" box="[1399,2361,1166,1187]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA8B92D71BC3BF91" bold="true" box="[1399,1475,1166,1187]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3A6A85FA3092D7187EBF91" ID-CoL="8LZRN" authority="Ognev, 1912" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1912" box="[1484,1662,1166,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikonnikovi">Murin d'lkonnikov</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85F96E92D718EDBF91" bold="true" box="[1682,1773,1166,1187]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3A6A85F90B92D719DFBF91" ID-CoL="8LZRN" authority="Ognev, 1912" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1912" box="[1783,2015,1166,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikonnikovi">Kurzohr-Bartfledermaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85F80992D71650BF91" bold="true" box="[2037,2128,1166,1187]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3A6A85F7A692D71739BF91" ID-CoL="8LZRN" authority="Ognev, 1912" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1912" box="[2138,2361,1166,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikonnikovi">Ratonero de lkonnikov</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA8B92EF1621BFF9" blockId="193.[1398,2362,1102,1227]" box="[1399,2081,1206,1227]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="9F638192FF3A6A85FA8B92EF1621BFF9" box="[1399,2081,1206,1227]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA8B92EF186EBFF9" bold="true" box="[1399,1646,1206,1227]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3A6A85F98492EF190DBFF9" ID-CoL="8LZRN" authority="Ognev, 1912" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1912" box="[1656,1805,1206,1227]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikonnikovi">lkonnikov's Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3A6A85F8E092EF1621BFF9" ID-CoL="8LZRN" authority="Ognev, 1912" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1912" box="[1820,2081,1206,1227]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikonnikovi">lkonnikov's Whiskered Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85F82792A0142ABE28" box="[2011,2602,1273,1306]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85F82792A0142ABE28" blockId="193.[2010,2605,1273,1701]" box="[2011,2602,1273,1306]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85F82792A01677BE28" bold="true" box="[2011,2167,1273,1306]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F77992A01425BE28" ID-CoL="8LZRN" authority="Ognev, 1912" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1912" box="[2181,2597,1273,1306]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ikonnikovi">Myotis tkonnikovi Ognev, 1912</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85F820937C17BDBE5B" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85F820937C17BDBE5B" blockId="193.[2010,2605,1273,1701]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF3A6A85F820937C17BDBE5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319510" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
Euseevka, Dalnerechen District,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3A6A85F63E937C1647BE5B" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Primorsky Krai</collectingRegion>
(= Ussuri Region),
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3A6A85F69C931517B9BE5B" box="[2400,2489,1356,1385]" name="Russia" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85F820932D1415BD64" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85F820932D1415BD64" blockId="193.[2010,2605,1273,1701]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F78C932D16C4BEA3" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2160,2244,1396,1425]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F72B932D1761BEA3" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[2263,2401,1396,1425]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">mystacinus</taxonomicName>
species group (4 species), which may besister to
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F64393C5142DBE8B" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[2495,2605,1436,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">muricola</taxonomicName>
species group. This species appears to be sister to M.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F77B93BF16F6BD35" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[2183,2294,1510,1543]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altarium">altarium</taxonomicName>
. Previously treated as a race of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F79F90571704BD1D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[2147,2308,1550,1583]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="970" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">M. muricola</taxonomicName>
, but split on genetic and morphological grounds. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85F826900418E5BC28" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF3A6A85F826900418E5BC28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398861/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" targetBox="[1395,1987,1284,1699]" targetPageId="193">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85F826900418E5BC28" blockId="193.[2010,2605,1273,1701]" lastBlockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85F82690041693BD4C" bold="true" box="[2010,2195,1629,1662]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Distribution.</emphasis>
NE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3A6A85F7199004178CBD4C" box="[2277,2444,1629,1662]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, SC &amp; SE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3A6A85F82790DD1635BD97" box="[2011,2101,1668,1701]" name="Russia" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Russia</collectingCountry>
(including
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3A6A85F71990DD1761BD97" box="[2277,2401,1668,1701]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
I), N
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3A6A85F64790DD1B9ABDFE" name="Mongolia" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
, NE Cin a (Nei Mongol, TE Jilin, and Liaoning), Korean Peninsula (including Jeju I), much ofJapan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Okushiri, and Rishirito Is), and S Kuril Is (Kunashir)
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA89917F1427B22F" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA89917F1427B22F" blockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA89917F1874BC71" bold="true" box="[1397,1652,1830,1859]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3A6A85F8C4917F19D3BC71" box="[1848,2003,1830,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="36.0">36-55 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3A6A85F7D8917F16BEBC71" box="[2084,2238,1830,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="29.0">29-41 mm</quantity>
, ear
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3A6A85F6F3917F1799BC71" box="[2319,2457,1830,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8-15 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot 6-9-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3A6A85FA5391101805BC58" box="[1455,1541,1865,1898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, forearm
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3A6A85F96D91101927BC58" box="[1681,1831,1865,1898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="30.0">30-36 mm</quantity>
. Dorsal pelage of Ikonnikov’s
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F7299110172EBC58" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2261,2350,1865,1898]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is uniformly dark brown; ventral pelage slightly paler with slightly darker patch on each side of chest. Bare portions of ears, face, and membranes are dark grayish brown. Ears are relatively long and rather slender with narrowly rounded tip, shallow concavity on posterior borderjust below tip, outward-turned anterior border in middle, and are lightly furred on the inner surface; tragus is just over half ear-height and is slightly concave or straight on anterior margin and convex on posterior margin with pointed tip. Wings are attached to base of outer toe, and uropatagium lacks fringe of hairs on posterior border; calcar is keeled. Skull is small and has pointed rostrum; braincase is broad and low with abruptly rising forehead; interorbital breadth is greater than distance between canines. P? is slightly smaller than P? and is within tooth row, and not leaning inward, P,is small and within tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA899F7E173AB2A0" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA899F7E173AB2A0" blockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA899F7E1BE4B276" bold="true" box="[1397,1508,2343,2372]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Habitat.</emphasis>
Ikonnikov’s
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F9629F7E18F8B276" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1694,1784,2343,2372]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is mainly found in mountain forests at elevations of
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3A6A85F6159F7E1BDEB259" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="600.0">600— 1000 m</quantity>
, although it has been recorded as low as
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3A6A85F7D49F13167CB259" box="[2088,2172,2378,2411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
in
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3A6A85F7509F13171BB259" box="[2220,2331,2378,2411]" country="Japan" name="Aomori" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Aomori</collectingRegion>
. Known from most forest types throughoutits range and also found in agricultural land.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA889FC01416B288" box="[1396,2582,2457,2490]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA889FC01416B288" blockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" box="[1396,2582,2457,2490]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA889FC0187AB288" bold="true" box="[1396,1658,2457,2490]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Seen foraging for aerial insects low along forest roads or streams.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA889F991410B13B" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA889F991410B13B" blockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA889F991BFAB2D3" bold="true" box="[1396,1530,2496,2529]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Breeding.</emphasis>
Births are known to occur from late June to late July; lactating females and juveniles recorded from late July to early August. Females give birth to single young.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA8E9C5617AAB0A1" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA8E9C5617AAB0A1" blockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA8E9C56185DB102" bold="true" box="[1394,1629,2575,2608]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Ikonnikov’s
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F8E89C56196DB102" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1812,1901,2575,2608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
roosts by day under bark,in tree cavities, between lianas on tree trunks, in old buildings, under bridges, and in farm roofs, rarely tunnels or other subterranean habitats. During the day, it enters torpid state at its roosts, leaving in the evening to forage through the night. It hibernates through winter in holes or crevices inside caves. Calls are a steep FM sweep with an average start frequency of 90 kHz (55-2-118-1 kHz), end frequency 43-2 kHz (37-8-50-1 kHz), peak frequency 50-6 kHz (47-3-55-9 kHz), and duration 2 milliseconds (0-9-3-4 milliseconds) recorded in
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3A6A85FA359D7D1856B077" box="[1481,1622,2852,2885]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3A6A85F99F9D7D18BAB077" box="[1635,1722,2852,2885]" name="Japan" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Recordings from
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3A6A85F8359D7D167BB077" box="[1993,2171,2852,2885]" name="South Korea" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">South Korea</collectingCountry>
had average start frequencies of 83-4-132-2 kHz, end frequencies 26-6-44-2 kHz, peak frequencies 46-7-62-6 kHz, interpulse intervals 53-121-3 milliseconds, and durations 2:6—4 milliseconds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA8F9DC31409B7B2" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA8F9DC31409B7B2" blockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA8F9DC31621B089" bold="true" box="[1395,2081,2970,3003]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
In summer, Ikonnikov’s
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F6849DC317D0B089" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2424,2512,2970,3003]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
forms maternity colonies ranging in size from tens to over a hundred. Ikonnikov’s
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F62C9D981428B0D0" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2512,2600,3009,3042]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
shares roosts with Greater Japanese Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus nippon), Far Eastern
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85FA889A4D1BCCB703" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1396,1484,3092,3121]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
(M.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F9ED9A4D188EB703" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[1553,1678,3092,3121]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombinus">bombinus</taxonomicName>
), and Big-footed
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F8849A4D19D1B703" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1912,2001,3092,3121]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85F81B9A4D16CCB703" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[2023,2252,3092,3121]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">M. macrodactylus</taxonomicName>
). While hibernating however, it usually roost alone. It switches roosts every 1-2 days and may return to a roost several times. Radio-telemetry shows thatit flies
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each night while foraging.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA889ADF16DEB7FC" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA889ADF16DEB7FC" blockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA889ADF18CDB795" bold="true" box="[1396,1741,3206,3239]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Tkonnikov’s
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3A6A85FA889AF41BCDB7FC" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1396,1485,3245,3278]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
is apparently widespread, with no major threats known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3A6A85FA889A871909B6A6" pageId="193" pageNumber="955" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3A6A85FA889A871909B6A6" blockId="193.[1391,2605,1707,3476]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3A6A85FA889A87180DB7C5" bold="true" box="[1396,1549,3294,3319]" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Abe et al. (2005), Bannikov (1954), Findley (1972),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3A6A85F7BB9A871680B7C5" box="[2119,2176,3294,3319]" country="Japan" name="Fukui" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Fukui</collectingRegion>
, Agetsuma &amp; Hill (2004),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3A6A85F65D9A8717DAB7C5" box="[2465,2522,3294,3319]" country="Japan" name="Fukui" pageId="193" pageNumber="955">Fukui</collectingRegion>
, Hill et al. (2015), Harada &amp; Yoshida (1978), Jo Yeong-Seok et al. (2018), Kawai, Kondo et al. (2006), Kawai, Nikaido et al. (2003), Kondo &amp; Sasaki (2005), Ohdachi et al. (2009), Ono &amp; Obara (1994), Smith &amp; Xie Yan (2008), Stubbe, Ariunbold, Buuveibaatar, Dorjderem, Monkhzul, Otgonbaatar &amp; Tsogbadrakh (2008b), Tsytsulina (2001), Tsytsulina et al. (2012), Yasui et al. (2004).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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