236 lines
27 KiB
XML
236 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="B0CAB0B89BF7BEB509AB9B26D6E7E707" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF2E6A91FF859F6C184CBEE7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis bechsteinii" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="975" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="975" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="DB5FC4CF6893E7D450B8AFFA2D797146" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6C6A4E2C6996CD936D9C713CB3B6CF36">
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<mods:title id="2263C0A92CBB290529D12507EA7F39CB">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C784F678915D40BDEA59D9937F8173ED" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4F170C47CF2877202F2970F1AC148009">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="033AF739134AECE9DC6E0ED46E73A555">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="580BE25C0813FD58F0838E014377C191">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="5DE5459082BF0EA1EBFFC596D2340679" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="0694308657D41760864D41EFC04DB131">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="670CDD7FFDE7D55F048804F397C3541C">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FFAD80F0FF005104EA23937E77C31DF8">
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<mods:title id="DA41308E45914231387395D0D4BFA842">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6311A19D0CD48491E7C6E361AC85C25D">
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<mods:start id="BF4F0288435B03654243B7BEFC1CD7CD">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DB454EE3DE2B0C7B1CA19C40D5E6FBD2">981</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="CE69B8EACAFB70B03B452955D7639F91" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF2E6A91FF859F6C184CBEE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577976" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF2E6A91FF859F6C184CBEE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF2E6A91FF859F6C184CBEE7" lastPageNumber="975" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FF859F6C1ECBB26D" box="[121,203,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FF859F6C1ECBB26D" blockId="213.[118,1038,2357,2478]" box="[121,203,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<heading id="9F638192FF2E6A91FF859F6C1ECBB26D" box="[121,203,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF2E6A91FF859F6C1ECBB26D" box="[121,203,2357,2399]" captionStart="Plate 74: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="211.[124,154,3336,3357]" captionTargetBox="[12,2762,19,3661]" captionTargetPageId="210" captionText="475. Russian Myotis (Myotis petax), 476. Big-footed Myotis (Myotis macrodactylus), 477. Fringed Long-footed Myotis (Myotis fimbriatus), 478. Ricketts Big-footed Myotis (Myotis pilosus), 479. Mandelli’s Myotis (Myotis sicarius), 480. Bechstein’s Myotis (Myotis bechsteinii), 481. Long-tailed Myotis (Myotis longicaudatus), 482. Daubenton’s Myotis (Myotis daubentonii), 483. Reddish Myotis (Myotis soror), 484. Fraternal Myotis (Myotis frater), 485. Bokhara Myotis (Myotis bucharensis), 486. Lesser Myotis (Myotis blythii), 487. Greater Myotis (Myotis myotis), 488. Maghreb Myotis (Myotis punicus), 489. Natterer’s Myotis (Myotis nattereri), 490. Cryptic Myotis (Myotis crypticus), 491. Schaub’s Myotis (Myotis schaubi), 492. Escalera’s Myotis (Myotis escalerar), 493. Zenati Myotis (Myotis zenatius), 494. Peking Myotis (Myotis pequinius), 495. Far Eastern Myotis (Myotis bombinus), 496. Large Myotis (Myotis chinensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399025/files/figure.png" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">480.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FF209F6C1C59B26D" box="[220,601,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FF209F6C1C59B26D" blockId="213.[118,1038,2357,2478]" box="[220,601,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<heading id="9F638192FF2E6A91FF209F6C1C59B26D" box="[220,601,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF2E6A91FF209F6C1C59B26D" ID-CoL="8LZRX" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[220,601,2357,2399]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bechsteinii">Bechstein’s Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FD719F6C1DD4B26D" box="[653,980,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FD719F6C1DD4B26D" blockId="213.[118,1038,2357,2478]" box="[653,980,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<heading id="9F638192FF2E6A91FD719F6C1DD4B26D" box="[653,980,2357,2399]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91FD719F6C1DD4B26D" ID-CoL="8LZRX" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[653,980,2357,2399]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bechsteinii">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FD719F6C1DD4B26D" box="[653,980,2357,2399]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Myotis bechsteinii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FF849F281C11B29F" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FF849F281A0EB2B4" blockId="213.[118,1038,2357,2478]" box="[120,1038,2417,2438]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<heading id="9F638192FF2E6A91FF849F281A0EB2B4" box="[120,1038,2417,2438]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FF849F281EC4B2B4" bold="true" box="[120,196,2417,2438]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF2E6A91FF319F281F8FB2B4" ID-CoL="8LZRX" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[205,399,2417,2438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bechsteinii">Murin de Bechstein</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FE599F281FFFB2B4" bold="true" box="[421,511,2417,2438]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF2E6A91FDF69F281CE8B2B4" ID-CoL="8LZRX" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[522,744,2417,2438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bechsteinii">Bechstein-Fledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FD019F281D58B2B4" bold="true" box="[765,856,2417,2438]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF2E6A91FC9F9F281A0EB2B4" ID-CoL="8LZRX" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[867,1038,2417,2438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bechsteinii">Ratonero forestal</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FF8B9FC11C11B29F" blockId="213.[118,1038,2357,2478]" box="[119,529,2456,2477]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<heading id="9F638192FF2E6A91FF8B9FC11C11B29F" box="[119,529,2456,2477]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FF8B9FC11F6FB29F" bold="true" box="[119,367,2456,2477]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF2E6A91FE859FC11C11B29F" ID-CoL="8LZRX" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[377,529,2456,2477]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bechsteinii">Bechstein's Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FD2B9FB91D76B116" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FD2B9FB91D76B116" blockId="213.[726,1327,2528,2950]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FD2B9FB91D73B2CF" bold="true" box="[727,883,2528,2557]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91FC759FB91B00B2CF" ID-CoL="8LJ6Q" authority="Leisler" authorityName="Leisler" box="[905,1280,2528,2557]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bechsteinii">Vespertilio bechsteinii Leisler</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF2E6A91FD249C5E1D71B116" box="[728,881,2567,2596]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Kuhl, 1817</treatmentCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FC7E9C5E1AEFB116" box="[898,1263,2567,2596]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FC7E9C5E1AEFB116" blockId="213.[726,1327,2528,2950]" box="[898,1263,2567,2596]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF2E6A91FC7E9C5E1AEBB116" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319506" box="[898,1259,2567,2596]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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Hanau,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF2E6A91FC0F9C5E1A59B116" box="[1011,1113,2567,2596]" country="Germany" name="Hessen" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Hessen</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FB969C5E1AEBB116" box="[1130,1259,2567,2596]" name="Germany" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Germany</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FD249C761AECB141" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FD249C761AECB141" blockId="213.[726,1327,2528,2950]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91FC759C761DDDB17E" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[905,989,2607,2636]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91FBE69C761AA4B17E" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1050,1188,2607,2636]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">daubentonii</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF2E6A91FCC39C0B1D6EB141" box="[831,878,2642,2675]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">See</collectingRegion>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91FC859C0B1A3FB141" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[889,1087,2642,2675]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">M. daubentonii</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FD2B9CDB1AD3B06D" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF2E6A91FD2B9CDB1AD3B06D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398979/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" targetBox="[111,703,2536,2951]" targetPageId="213">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FD2B9CDB1AD3B06D" blockId="213.[726,1327,2528,2950]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FD2B9CDB1D87B1A9" bold="true" box="[727,903,2690,2715]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
Europe, from S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FB849CDB1AE5B1A9" box="[1144,1253,2690,2715]" name="Sweden" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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||
, S of Britain, and Iberian Peninsula to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FB4D9CF31B25B1F1" box="[1201,1317,2730,2755]" name="Ukraine" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FD249C901D3DB1D8" box="[728,829,2761,2794]" name="Greece" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Greece</collectingCountry>
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||
, and Thrace (including
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FB399C901B2CB1D8" box="[1221,1324,2761,2794]" name="France" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Corsica</collectingCountry>
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and Sicily Is in the Mediterranean), isolated areas in SW Asia including
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||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FB379D4E1B2CB00A" box="[1227,1324,2839,2872]" name="Turkey" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FD1F9D1B1D5CB06D" box="[739,860,2882,2911]" name="Turkey" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
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||
) and the Caucasus region.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FD2A9D3C1A27B7F1" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="description">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FD2A9D3C1DD2B0B4" bold="true" box="[726,978,2917,2950]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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, tail
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91FF509DCB1F42B09D" box="[172,322,2962,2991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="30.0">30-47 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91FE779DCB1C20B09D" box="[395,544,2962,2991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">20-26 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91FD539DCB1D45B09D" box="[687,837,2962,2991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="mm" value="43.0" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="39.0">39-47 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91FC429DCB1A1CB09D" box="[958,1052,2962,2991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="g" value="10.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="7.0">7-14 g</quantity>
|
||
. Fur of Bechstein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91FF8B9DEC1ED0B0E4" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[119,208,2997,3030]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively long and shaggy, brownish or reddish (pale or grayish in young), with clear distinct between dorsum and venter. It has long muzzle, bare pink face that is much slimmer than in other congeners, and distinctly long and separated ears that have 9-11 transverse folds on external margins. Tragus is long and lance-shaped and reaches one-half the ear length when extended. Wings are dark, short, and wide, useful for foraging in cluttered forests. Condylo-basilar lengths are
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91FBFB9A231A9CB7A9" box="[1031,1180,3194,3227]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="16.0">16-17 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 52 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FCF99AFB1D69B7F1" box="[773,873,3234,3267]" name="Greece" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF2E6A91FC4E9AFB1A1AB7F1" box="[946,1050,3234,3267]" name="Turkey" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FF899A901D5CB6BA" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FF899A901D5CB6BA" blockId="213.[117,1323,2962,3464]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FF899A901EE4B7D8" bold="true" box="[117,228,3273,3306]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Only temperate old growth or mature forests and woodlands (preferably beech and oak forests) from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91FC579AA81A18B620" box="[939,1048,3313,3346]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
. Bechstein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91FB2C9AA81B29B620" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1232,1321,3313,3346]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very dependent on natural roosts (e.g. tree holes, trunk crevices, and bird nests, such as woodpecker holes), but it will use bat boxes and occasionally buildings. It very rarely is found in agricultural land, gardens, or plantations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FA8597401906BAE1" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FA8597401906BAE1" blockId="213.[1398,2609,281,1495]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FA8597401882BA04" bold="true" box="[1401,1666,281,310]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Bechstein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91F8C597401992BA04" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1849,1938,281,310]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91F7DF974016D1BA04" box="[2083,2257,281,310]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mostly) and non-flying insects such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91F9AF976518F1BA6F" box="[1619,1777,316,349]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91F8F897651970BA6F" box="[1796,1904,316,349]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Planipennia that it gleans from the ground and leaf surfaces. Its high maneuverability allows it to hunt very close to the ground and vegetation (
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91F99D97D218B4BA9E" box="[1633,1716,395,428]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1-5 m</quantity>
|
||
away) and to fly very slowly and hover, waiting for prey to make any noise to allow detection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FA859780142CB98D" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FA859780142CB98D" blockId="213.[1398,2609,281,1495]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FA8597801BFFBAC8" bold="true" box="[1401,1535,473,506]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Maternity colonies have 10-50 females (rarely up to 100 individuals) and occur from ground level up to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91F8FD94581946B910" box="[1793,1862,513,546]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
. Males are commonly solitary. Maternity colonies usually form by April, with births taking place from beginning ofJune to beginning ofJuly. In late August, individuals start to disperse and mate at swarmingsites. In some cases, several species of bats coexist in the same colony. In general, it is assumed that breeding colonies change location every 2-3 days. Maximum longevity is 21 years in the wild.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FA8A949F182DB8B1" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FA8A949F182DB8B1" blockId="213.[1398,2609,281,1495]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FA8A949F1861B9D5" bold="true" box="[1398,1633,710,743]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Bechstein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91F8E8949F196EB9D5" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1812,1902,710,743]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerges usually ¢.20 minutes after sunset. It commonly roosts in tree holes in summer and winter but hibernates in caves, mines, buildings, and underground tunnels. Echolocation is long broadband FM of 35-100 kHz, being almost always indistinct from other congeners if not complemented by visual observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FA8B95D217DEBF78" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FA8B95D217DEBF78" blockId="213.[1398,2609,281,1495]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FA8B95D2163DB89E" bold="true" box="[1399,2109,907,940]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Bechstein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91F70F95D2174CB89E" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2291,2380,907,940]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
can shift roosts between summer and winter. Although it has been recorded up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91FA7795831BF7B8C9" box="[1419,1527,986,1019]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
, maternity colonies are usually found below
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91F795958316C0B8C9" box="[2153,2240,986,1019]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
. Foraging sites of a maternity colony usually do not exceed 250 ha, with
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF2E6A91F7E49258168EBF10" box="[2072,2190,1025,1058]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" unit="km" value="5.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="1.0">1-10 km</quantity>
|
||
between roosts and foraging areas. Some individuals have hunting areas of up to 700 ha in continuousforest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FA84920816C8BE05" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FA84920816C8BE05" blockId="213.[1398,2609,281,1495]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FA84920818D9BF40" bold="true" box="[1400,1753,1105,1138]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Bechstein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF2E6A91FA2692211834BFAB" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1498,1588,1144,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not only very uncommon (especially in the South) but also a strict forest-dwelling specialist of old primary forests. It is only locally abundant in certain parts of Central Europe. Its populations seem to be heavily fragmented due to past forest exploitation, and colonization of new habitatis rarely reported. It is one of the most common and abundant bat species in the fossil record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF2E6A91FA84931F184CBEE7" pageId="213" pageNumber="975" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF2E6A91FA84931F184CBEE7" blockId="213.[1398,2609,281,1495]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF2E6A91FA84931F1811BE6D" bold="true" box="[1400,1553,1350,1375]" pageId="213" pageNumber="975">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Benzal & de Paz (1991), Fitzsimons et al. (2002), Goiti et al. (2007), Hutterer et al. (2005), Kerth & Konig (1999), Kerth & Petit (2005), Kerth et al. (2001), Napal et al. (2009, 2010), Pacifici et al. (2013), Paunovié (2016b), Reckardt & Kerth (2006), Schlapp (1999), Sharifi et al. (2000), Théou & Durovi¢ (2015), Volleth & Heller (2012), Wolz (2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |