249 lines
32 KiB
XML
249 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CBE98645D800D2375D47818E72E9016A">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="77DC52BBD6CCE6E85EAB67773418616F">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E9376DC0EFB444F919E945D2CBB87F20">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="21533808974829608F340D21996A5145">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF286A97FF819D801676B794" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577962" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF286A97FF819D801676B794" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF286A97FF819D801676B794" lastPageNumber="973" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<heading id="9F638192FF286A97FF819D801ED0B735" box="[125,208,3033,3079]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF286A97FF819D801ED0B735" box="[125,208,3033,3079]" captionStart="Plate 74: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="211.[124,154,3336,3357]" captionTargetBox="[12,2762,19,3661]" captionTargetPageId="210" captionText="475. Russian Myotis (Myotis petax), 476. Big-footed Myotis (Myotis macrodactylus), 477. Fringed Long-footed Myotis (Myotis fimbriatus), 478. Ricketts Big-footed Myotis (Myotis pilosus), 479. Mandelli’s Myotis (Myotis sicarius), 480. Bechstein’s Myotis (Myotis bechsteinii), 481. Long-tailed Myotis (Myotis longicaudatus), 482. Daubenton’s Myotis (Myotis daubentonii), 483. Reddish Myotis (Myotis soror), 484. Fraternal Myotis (Myotis frater), 485. Bokhara Myotis (Myotis bucharensis), 486. Lesser Myotis (Myotis blythii), 487. Greater Myotis (Myotis myotis), 488. Maghreb Myotis (Myotis punicus), 489. Natterer’s Myotis (Myotis nattereri), 490. Cryptic Myotis (Myotis crypticus), 491. Schaub’s Myotis (Myotis schaubi), 492. Escalera’s Myotis (Myotis escalerar), 493. Zenati Myotis (Myotis zenatius), 494. Peking Myotis (Myotis pequinius), 495. Far Eastern Myotis (Myotis bombinus), 496. Large Myotis (Myotis chinensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399025/files/figure.png" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">476.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FF1C9D801C4DB735" box="[224,589,3033,3079]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FF1C9D801C4DB735" blockId="211.[122,1206,3033,3159]" box="[224,589,3033,3079]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<heading id="9F638192FF286A97FF1C9D801C4DB735" box="[224,589,3033,3079]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF286A97FF1C9D801C4DB735" ID-CoL="8LZXW" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[224,589,3033,3079]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">Big-footed Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FD7C9D801A11B735" box="[640,1041,3033,3079]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FD7C9D801A11B735" blockId="211.[122,1206,3033,3159]" box="[640,1041,3033,3079]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<heading id="9F638192FF286A97FD7C9D801A11B735" box="[640,1041,3033,3079]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97FD7C9D801A11B735" ID-CoL="8LZXW" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[640,1041,3033,3079]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FD7C9D801A11B735" box="[640,1041,3033,3079]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Myotis macrodactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FF809A401C8AB767" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FF809A401AB6B71C" blockId="211.[122,1206,3033,3159]" box="[124,1206,3097,3118]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<heading id="9F638192FF286A97FF809A401AB6B71C" box="[124,1206,3097,3118]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FF809A401EC8B71C" bold="true" box="[124,200,3097,3118]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF286A97FF2E9A401F99B71C" ID-CoL="8LZXW" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[210,409,3097,3118]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">Murin macrodactyle</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FE529A401C08B71C" bold="true" box="[430,520,3097,3118]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF286A97FDEE9A401D5AB71C" ID-CoL="8LZXW" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[530,858,3097,3118]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">Ostasiatische Wasserfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FC939A401DCAB71C" bold="true" box="[879,970,3097,3118]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF286A97FC299A401AB6B71C" ID-CoL="8LZXW" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[981,1206,3097,3118]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">Ratonero macrodactilo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FF809A191C8AB767" blockId="211.[122,1206,3033,3159]" box="[124,650,3136,3157]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<heading id="9F638192FF286A97FF809A191C8AB767" box="[124,650,3136,3157]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FF809A191F73B767" bold="true" box="[124,371,3136,3157]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF286A97FE809A191C8AB767" ID-CoL="8LZXW" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[380,650,3136,3157]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">Japanese Large-footed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FF879ADA1D54B796" box="[123,852,3203,3236]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FF879ADA1D54B796" blockId="211.[122,1166,3203,3244]" box="[123,852,3203,3236]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FF879ADA1F16B796" bold="true" box="[123,278,3203,3236]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97FEDA9ADA1D4FB796" ID-CoL="ac38b326-c550-4492-acd9-61fdb7fc528c" authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" box="[294,847,3203,3236]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">Vespertilio macrodactylus Temminck, 1840</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FC9C9ADA1A8EB796" box="[864,1166,3203,3236]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FC9C9ADA1A8EB796" blockId="211.[122,1166,3203,3244]" box="[864,1166,3203,3236]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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“Le
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF286A97FC689ADA1DEBB796" box="[916,1003,3203,3236]" name="Japan" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Japon</collectingCountry>
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[=
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF286A97FBEB9ADA1A71B796" box="[1047,1137,3203,3236]" name="Japan" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Japan</collectingCountry>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97F81997471723B936" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97F81997471723B936" blockId="211.[2019,2616,286,713]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F770974716E0BA0D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2188,2272,286,319]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F6FB974717B8BA0D" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" box="[2311,2488,286,319]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">macrodactylus</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF286A97F7AF97131682BA55" box="[2131,2178,330,359]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">See</collectingRegion>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F76F9713170BBA55" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[2195,2315,330,359]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petax">M. petax</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F6DE97131437BA55" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[2338,2615,330,359]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">Myotis macrodactylus</taxonomicName>
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has been treated as a subspecies of M.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F5E99734164ABA87" baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capaccinii">capaccinii</taxonomicName>
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, but its species status is supported by morphology and genetic data. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97F819945319D3B80D" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF286A97F819945319D3B80D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398970/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" targetBox="[1404,1997,294,700]" targetPageId="211">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97F819945318CEB9C2" blockId="211.[2019,2616,286,713]" lastBlockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97F81994531776B919" bold="true" box="[2021,2422,522,555]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F819946F18CEB9C2" authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="macrodactylus" subSpecies="macrodactylus">M.m.macrodactylusTemminck,1840—NEChina,N,SKoreanPeninsula(includ-ingJejuI),andmostofJapan(includingSado,Oki,Tsuslima,lk,Goto,Osumi,andAmami-OshimaIs).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97FA8394A31642B825" authority="Tiunov, 1997" authorityName="Tiunov" authorityYear="1997" box="[1407,2114,762,791]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="macrodactylus" subSpecies="continentalis">M.m.continentalisTiunov,1997—RussianFarEast.</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FA83957B19D3B80D" blockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" box="[1407,2003,802,831]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97FA83957B1904B80D" authority="Tiunov, 1997" authorityName="Tiunov" authorityYear="1997" box="[1407,1796,802,831]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="macrodactylus" subSpecies="insularis">M. m. insularis Tiunov, 1997</taxonomicName>
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||
— S
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF286A97F8C3957B19B7B80D" box="[1855,1975,802,831]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
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||
I.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FA8295171876B855" bold="true" box="[1406,1654,846,871]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
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Head—body
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, tail
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF286A97F7E8951716ABB855" box="[2068,2219,846,871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="29.0">29-49 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 12-16-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF286A97F6AD951717A8B855" box="[2385,2472,846,871]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF286A97FA8295351802B8BF" box="[1406,1538,876,909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="9.0">9-13 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF286A97F9739535193DB8BF" box="[1679,1853,876,909]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.375" metricValueMax="6.42" metricValueMin="0.32999999999999996" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" unit="mm" value="337.5" valueMax="642.0" valueMin="33.0">33-642 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF286A97F84995351601B8BF" box="[1973,2049,876,909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" unit="g" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 g</quantity>
|
||
. Fur of the Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F6B89535179CB8BF" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2372,2460,876,909]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is soft and short. Dorsal pelage is frosted dark grayish brown (hairs with dark blackish brown bases and glossy light grayish brown tips); venteris paler grayish but becomes more yellowish white toward abdomen and groin. Bare parts of ears, face, and membranes are pale blackish brown. Ears are slender and moderately long, with rounded tips and smoothly outturned central anterior margins; they are concave up to one-third of posterior margins and convex on lower one-third of posterior margins. Tragus is narrow and taller than one-half the ear length, being widest at base, crescent-shaped, and pointed at tip. Wings attach to ankle, uropatagium is covered in sparse downy hair, and posterior border is fringed with fine hair. Baculum is generally Yshaped, barely tapering toward broadly roundedtip; venteris deeply concave along entire length; and base is bifurcated. Skull is robust and large, with slightly convex braincase; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are weakly developed; rostrum is short and low; forehead rises abruptly from rostrum; C' is tall; P? is very small and in tooth row; C, is relatively low; and P, is small and in tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50 or 52 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF286A97F6FA93CC175ABE84" box="[2310,2394,1429,1462]" name="South Korea" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF286A97F66693CC17F4BE84" box="[2458,2548,1429,1462]" name="Japan" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FA8193981431BEEC" box="[1405,2609,1473,1502]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FA8193981431BEEC" blockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" box="[1405,2609,1473,1502]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FA8193981BEBBEEC" bold="true" box="[1405,1515,1473,1502]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Areas surrounding subterranean roosting sites near permanent bodies of water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FA8093BD1678BD49" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FA8093BD1678BD49" blockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FA8093BD1887BD37" bold="true" box="[1404,1671,1508,1541]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F8CD93BD198BBD37" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1841,1931,1508,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed mostly on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F78893BD1799BD37" authority=", Trichoptera" authorityName="Trichoptera" box="[2164,2457,1508,1541]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera, Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F61093BD1BECBD1F" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with body lengths of
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF286A97F8D8905519A7BD1F" box="[1828,1959,1548,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="7.0">7-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Spiders are regularly found in diets. They are fast, erratic, and low flying, often observed foraging in woodlands or over open water, (e.g. fast-moving streams,rivers, lakes, and reservoirs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FA8090DB141BBC73" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FA8090DB141BBC73" blockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FA8090DB1803BD91" bold="true" box="[1404,1539,1666,1699]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Big-footed Myotisis seasonally monoestrous and has delayed fertilization. It breeds in autumn, and fertilization is delayed until after hibernation. Females give birth to one young in July-August. Most females have theirfirst young at the end of their second year. Females breed every year, and pregnancy ratio of adult females is very high. At least one female bred at 15 years old. Maximum longevity is 19 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FA86911119CFB228" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FA86911119CFB228" blockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FA8691111865BC5B" bold="true" box="[1402,1637,1864,1897]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F8F791111965BC5B" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1803,1893,1864,1897]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically roost in caves, abandoned mines, tunnels, bomb shelters, and occasionally rock crevices, preferring humid roosts. They leave roosts early before dark to forage through the night. They hibernate in November— March. Calls have steep FM sweeps, with average start frequencies of 62:6-81-3 kHz, end frequencies of 40-8-43-6 kHz, peak frequencies of 45-8-52-9 kHz, interpulse intervals of 55-5-86-3 milliseconds, and durations of 5:3-7-1 milliseconds in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF286A97F6179E48142BB31C" box="[2539,2603,2065,2094]" country="China" name="Jilin" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Jilin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF286A97FA809E6C1BD2B364" box="[1404,1490,2101,2134]" name="China" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. On Hokkaido, recordings had an average start frequency of 82-4 kHz (54-1- 91-7 kHz), end frequency of 39-4 kHz (37-8-50-1 kHz), peak frequency of 49-2 kHz (45-51-8 kHz), and duration of 65-8 milliseconds (44-144 milliseconds). Recordings based on five samples in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF286A97F9299EF51985B3FF" box="[1749,1925,2220,2253]" name="South Korea" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
had an average peak frequency of 49 kHz (45-2— 52-7 kHz), pulse interval of 66-3 milliseconds (53-2-71-5 milliseconds), and duration of 3-1 milliseconds (2-1-3-8 milliseconds).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FA879F7B140AB071" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FA879F7B140AB071" blockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FA879F7B1639B271" bold="true" box="[1403,2105,2338,2371]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Male and female Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F6249F7B1431B271" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2520,2609,2338,2371]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
roost together throughout much of the year. Maternity colonies with tens to hundreds of individuals are formed in summer. In spring and autumn, males and females tend to separate. They also form clusters with other bat species during the breeding season, including GreaterJapanese Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus nippon), LittleJapanese Horseshoe Bats (R. cornutus), Asian Long-fingered Bats (Miniopterusfuliginosus), Hilgendorf’s Tube-nosed Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F98D9C4B196BB11D" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1880" box="[1649,1899,2578,2607]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hilgendorfi">Murina hilgendorfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Far Eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F7DB9C4B1680B11D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2087,2176,2578,2607]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F7389C4B1740B11D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[2244,2368,2578,2607]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bombinus">bombinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Ikonnikov’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F5FD9C4B1BA9B165" authority="Kaup, 1829" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. tkonnikovi), and Russian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F8BC9C6F1999B165" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1856,1945,2614,2647]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F8539C6F1625B165" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[1967,2085,2614,2647]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petax">M. petax</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Small numbers of female Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97FA869C041BD3B14C" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1402,1491,2653,2686]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
join maternity colonies of another speciesto give birth and rear their young. Females roosting with other species and males might obtain increased thermoregulatory advantage. In winter, Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F8BD9CF5199AB1FF" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1857,1946,2732,2765]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
hibernate in small clusters or alone in crevices and rocky holes in caves, but they also share hibernacula with other species, including Greater Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), Far Eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F6DE9CA2177DB02E" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2338,2429,2811,2844]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ikonnikov’s Myotis, Alashanian Pipistrelles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97F8CD9D7B1650B071" baseAuthorityName="Bobrinskii" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1841,2128,2850,2883]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alaschanicus">Hypsugo alaschanicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Asian Long-fingered Bats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FA869D1318C2B08B" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FA869D1318C2B08B" blockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FA869D1318DBB059" bold="true" box="[1402,1755,2890,2923]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Bigfooted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF286A97FA1C9D28183AB0A0" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1504,1594,2929,2962]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread and relatively common and does not appear to have any major threats currently.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF286A97FA869D901676B794" pageId="211" pageNumber="973" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF286A97FA869D901676B794" blockId="211.[1400,2614,723,3238]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF286A97FA869D901813B0D0" bold="true" box="[1402,1555,3017,3042]" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Abe et al. (2005), Ando et al. (1980c), Chung Chul-Un, Han Sang-Hoon, Lim Chun-Woo et al. (2010), Findley (1972),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF286A97F9899DA818ABB738" box="[1653,1707,3057,3082]" country="Japan" name="Fukui" pageId="211" pageNumber="973">Fukui</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (2004), Harada & Yoshida (1978), Harada et al. (1991), Jo Yeong-Seok et al. (2018), Kawai et al. (2003), Lee Jung-Hun (2003), Lee Jung-Hun & Mori (2004), LiuYing, Jin Longru et al. (2009), Luo Jinhong et al. (2012), Maeda (1976), Ohdachi et al. (2009), Ono & Obara (1994), Park Si-Ryong & Won Pyong-Oh (1978), Tiunov (1997), Tsytsulina (2008i), Son Sung-Won et al. (1995), Wang Lei et al. (2014), Xiao Yanhong et al. (2018), Yoo & Yoon Myung-Hee (1992), Yoshiyuki (1989).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |