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<mods:title id="0A56B5A04086E0A6D555C0A4E26585D6">Revision of the Lacinipoliavicina (Grote) complex (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3764B5733C599F34D3B48BBD301E03BE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062706" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3764B5733C599F34D3B48BBD301E03BE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3764B5733C599F34D3B48BBD301E03BE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<subSubSection id="126A39A8F8FB29181DA89DF820AE4BD7" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="185DFE678589BCAE1A8821B441FD2D70" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4235F807CD5865A0CCF5B36D7C174409" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1CDDD39929896815235C31339F9CBAE7" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="4DB2D1918E2EF3294A96A0DAE3B8DB5C" ID-CoL="943Z2" authority="Grote, 1880" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis (Grote, 1880)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="001F952C2075618526AF96D9A971F782" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 28-54, 58, 62, 66, 72
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="633822CA4C2C1C22345B8C42C6385DBC" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB4F848D2B1762CBEC964D85429E80D4" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="86DE3AF5E54570BB2E506335DF3C6C6E" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Mamestra acutipennis</taxonomicName>
Grote, 1880: 214.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAEA9482823BFABA9E6CBFE210ADFBEF" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="372B1D00208FB5805BD1C029A8AA8743" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra doira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doira">Mamestra doira</taxonomicName>
Strecker, 1898: 7, syn. rev.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="450F3B5120CF1A54619A06C4D16C4777" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="8330C197B050F585F33EC39A2CA2916B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra ascula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascula">Mamestra ascula</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1905b: 257, syn. rev.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75DADA6E4AC16CFFC46F87F4D3AB43BA" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="A9325AA1E3499D9CF43680025C935277" aberration="indistincta" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Polia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="ab." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="aberration" species="pensilis">† Polia pensilis ab. indistincta</taxonomicName>
Strand, 1917: 28, unavailable; infrasubspecific name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C495B53879445A94239DAEAE60A7D982" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="2FA5C0FD7C9E344E22B39BC9AED0DA40" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia subalba" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalba">Lacinipolia subalba</taxonomicName>
Mustelin, 2000: 13, syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FB7BD1251682D28B1294F26F316DA521" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" type="type material">
<paragraph id="18B510AA3AE6EA23D81C57F24E8B773B" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C1F6438100D136BB3995DD39FBA29F8" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="5960F7D58ACD7B98BD0AAC701C7455DB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Mamestra acutipennis</taxonomicName>
: type female (BMNH; examined); type locality: Nevada.
<taxonomicName id="5536FC9AEB70AC6F89C961AC2BCD0C55" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra doira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doira">Mamestra doira</taxonomicName>
: type female (FMNH, examined); type locality: Utah.
<taxonomicName id="27EDE24D89D1344BACE4738C4C2231B8" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamestra ascula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascula">Mamestra ascula</taxonomicName>
: lectotype male designated by Poole (1982), (AMNH, examined); type locality: Stockton, Utah.
<taxonomicName id="DCA2E08D07F9164AF5FDD244A8FF63AF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia subalba" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalba">Lacinipolia subalba</taxonomicName>
: South rim of Los
<normalizedToken id="00953F206EBB0B8FE99059DB9F77B54C" originalValue="Peñasquitos">Penasquitos</normalizedToken>
Canyon, 76 m, San Diego Co., California (SDNHM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9A55A5EB43980B00C285ED357B3B8A1A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="52B29FBB175B9B7E047EC5F172B1418D" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F02FF9C902DE476872E0BF621AC6586C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="6" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="392C61C931DD11029A122D928EC46631" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
is a western steppe / grassland species that shows considerably greater regional phenotypic variation than others in the
<taxonomicName id="0A5654F8031EBB603BCB9A32B6B72A23" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
group. In more mesic habitats (including higher elevations) of the Pacific Northwest and central Rocky Mountains
<taxonomicName id="F975E7F9255C2D1723E48397A6C8E824" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
is replaced by the very similar
<taxonomicName id="6EA785FBFC90F077D0305729E909E7E9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
. The two occur sympatrically in many transitional habitats, mostly dry montane woodlands at
<pageBreakToken id="9818BB9467D519754AC9F8A9E6FB31A9" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" start="start">moderate</pageBreakToken>
elevations. Although phenotypes of
<taxonomicName id="7CCAA02B5C06A9B2B3E15B8D49D17EFD" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
from the most arid habitats (e.g., Figs 34-39) can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="453A2C5368473072AB63DC39B9903C05" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
with relative ease, many northern
<taxonomicName id="D00AACAA55D3BCE9A9668143AC67E1DB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
populations in the Pacific Northwest are dark, well-marked and very similar to
<taxonomicName id="6D455A65CA72B291F382AA0A17078C4C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
, which makes identifying the two very difficult and led previous workers to conclude that they represent the same species. Compounding this difficulty is the lack of conspicuous genitalic differences that are otherwise typical of the genus. Despite the identification difficulties in the Pacific Northwest, other sympatric populations of
<taxonomicName id="8A6707EAFD2C3D80BB86DBF3A365EA98" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="61B07B3C3D30AC8407D80F9333883A29" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
have clearly different phenotypes. Differences are most pronounced in Great Basin populations (
<taxonomicName id="C8151B236C8F152D78F573177EB755BC" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
, Figs 25, 27 and
<taxonomicName id="40BBEE0305CA30CEF2FC80DD3FF5A801" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
, Figs 49-51) and in the northern Rockies/Great Plains (e.g., Montana
<taxonomicName id="BD0E296F8336A172724F8937ACCF10AB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
, like those in Figs 23, 24, and
<taxonomicName id="B067D1613F310DC4924C0E742B850AF9" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
, Figs 46-48). The two differ in male genitalia structure as discussed below. These differences, in addition to a minimum 2.5% divergence in DNA barcodes (Fig. 75), show that (at least) two species are involved.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5E49263A2431C2EC8D13920F7F80A4B1" pageId="7" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="F005B2A699CA4F2E7D19F6C8226E70B8" pageId="7" pageNumber="110">
Figure 75. Neighbour-joining tree of representative mtDNA barcode haplotypes in species of the
<taxonomicName id="87841BDAE71E311453EFD78BAD617500" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
group. Sample size and locality are given in brackets, with number of specimens indicated after two-letter state/province abbreviation.
<taxonomicName id="F2B237C713591C8A644E255E6EBD8E57" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
variation is divided into five haplogroups,
<normalizedToken id="FE1680E29F8D989146027A57C7194CA2" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
. Voucher specimen data is given in Suppl. material 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B3CBA197BC685E447A014536B5B45D2D" pageId="7" pageNumber="110">
Similar phenotypes of
<taxonomicName id="2BDBFC730B2D2608A6ACE85725C0B90B" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F8DE2C321255DE547A32610EBB1E1620" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
differ in the shape and size of the forewing, which averages more acute and smaller in
<taxonomicName id="ED1BE4367F7E86651EB817606DC6933D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
; the brown tones of the medial forewing are more muted in
<taxonomicName id="1A5B0DAE56E508C2F0E86269CA6BEB31" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
compared to
<taxonomicName id="3A66978DC454F628F4E6428C6F6664DD" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
, giving an overall lower contrast in tone of the medial area with the grey-black antemedial and postmedial areas; the white spot in the anal angle is often more prominent in
<taxonomicName id="4DDB362685D5F3039AB81440A7D169C7" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
, particularly in females; the forewing apex has a more contrastingly pale diffuse area that usually extends farther towards the reniform. In the male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="D4A6E874752D11DF3AC98B20ABF83431" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
, the spinose crest of the phallus usually has a thin, delicate apically-directed spine (which is sometimes broken off, in which case the spine base is still evident), which is absent in
<taxonomicName id="06FC8214072F49CD9173141D3E12A392" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
; this thin spine is sometimes absent also in
<taxonomicName id="B5FCB8F9D7E677BEC0ACFDF69A5D8695" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
, but in such individuals the entire crest is small and with fewer, smaller cornuti (Fig. 61c) compared to
<taxonomicName id="BAD175D39A8B99C89EBE06D5F185E97F" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 62).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B7C66250458336F59132E2BE45E380B" pageId="7" pageNumber="110">
Two phenotypes have been recognized as separate species,
<taxonomicName id="0C224B148F21AE82839A1A3071FFDF1A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia doira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doira">Lacinipolia doira</taxonomicName>
of the Great Basin (Figs 49-51) and
<taxonomicName id="F563247A0DF1C82D837C802FEAF756AC" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia subalba" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalba">Lacinipolia subalba</taxonomicName>
of southern California (Figs 43-45). Clinal phenotypic variation, lack of diagnostic structural characters, and similarity in DNA barcodes, lead me to treat -
<taxonomicName id="58CBD0C774A6B529BC113AAC8B25B288" lsidName="doira" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="doira">doira</taxonomicName>
and -
<taxonomicName id="DC9C03508D1252645BD170C18589BAF7" lsidName="subalba" pageId="7" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="subalba">subalba</taxonomicName>
as regional forms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BCD6FA4300E28F12ACE944E8790F1FF" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="distribution and biology">
<paragraph id="F382EE21546170190E78ED8E33F931B9" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
<pageBreakToken id="9E519F5A77294918B1CF7A81520870A4" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
and biology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79D89DB528624C4E5F37463444F4151C" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
<taxonomicName id="832DEB24ED3471BBCD08F1BC8E891C0E" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
is a western species common throughout xeric, low elevation habitats of western North America. The core range includes the dry, western portions of the Great Plains, the Great Basin, and the western intermontane valleys north of the Sonoran zone, from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta southward to northern Arizona and New Mexico. Reports from Wisconsin (cited in
<bibRefCitation id="8CA122518C1BCBF300F7E866D9EB0D28" author="Forbes, WTM" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Agriculture Experiment Station, Memoir" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 433" title="Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part 3 Noctuidae." volume="329" year="1954">Forbes 1954</bibRefCitation>
), Texas and southern Arizona (
<bibRefCitation id="B615DC5ADA41ADFD10478996F5E836EE" author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="British Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 634" title="Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae" year="1905">Hampson 1905</bibRefCitation>
) are probably misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="A736D5D6A8C6E100672F181CA6BE36E3" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
.
<normalizedToken id="3E51C132D4DCF2BA687193A708670DAA" originalValue="Crumb’s">Crumb's</normalizedToken>
(1954) records from Nebraska and Kansas are plausible; the easternmost specimens I examined were from Watford City in western North Dakota. In the intermontane valleys west of the Rocky Mountains
<taxonomicName id="0E1CD1300EFFDD5E8222513BDD44AA6C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
occurs from southern British Columbia to southern California and northernmost Arizona and New Mexico (Fig. 72). All Pacific Northwest specimens examined from subalpine habitats and from sites west of the Coast Ranges proved to be
<taxonomicName id="08A60B7C70FC20796EFE8A6FB56BE4E7" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="410435B18E9A202136C5843ED2A6D64C" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
The larval description and host plants require clarification since the information given by
<bibRefCitation id="A3619A72DB4B054B9D6F56DF43A2E85F" author="Crumb, SE" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Washington" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" title="The larvae of the Phalaenidae" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="6755A9258E2D15768FDAD2AF5AAAADE8" author="Godfrey, GL" journalOrPublisher="United States department of Agriculture" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" title="A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico." year="1972">Godfrey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
was probably based on both
<taxonomicName id="A6A0ED191EBCBCA935421D2B14DB7C67" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5AF425976F744C9BF2704E459FF7A6AB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
. The larvae likely are general feeders and may ascend shrubs to feed.
<taxonomicName id="01EF33AD8EF70F64BDEC89E232CF8B75" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
flies in late summer with most specimens recorded from mid-August to late September.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CF4352F5466B5EED3811B98045EBDC9" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="6E0C14D1297F110A46DDB0F4F06869B7" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="17EC93BBB028109DB3FAD2E3D4C02EAB" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
The name
<taxonomicName id="576AD7AFDF74F0320FC268629E4C5282" lsidName="acutipennis" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="acutipennis">acutipennis</taxonomicName>
has historically been associated with the taxon
<taxonomicName id="C61031490C16E09E0E1B74F8D62EA780" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
(i.e.
<taxonomicName id="65CB9631A77F9FA02D4F95A3DAEA5DEB" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
of authors) rather than
<taxonomicName id="124F36E33EEE1EBE2D320A92F6D0633A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
. This apparently stemmed from the fact that historical
<taxonomicName id="1AEC6E6B0F11D0CF2FAA3F44BB431DA8" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
specimens from western Nevada (the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="7AAF7B1D67DFAAB7D5892C730E3A5153" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
) and adjacent northeastern California had been wrongly associated; a series from Truckee, California, examined by Lloyd Martin (and probably others before him, including McDunnough) consists of male
<taxonomicName id="1E88FDFBE3937DBC444AF4BECBB16DAA" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
and female
<taxonomicName id="210EFBD2D87EBABFBFDA057CA862EE47" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
, but only the male
<taxonomicName id="62CE9F05DCA5CD761F82DAC70CD3DE45" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
were previously dissected. Female
<taxonomicName id="2638390C723D7E91A4D3C5BFDFC2CD05" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia sareta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareta">Lacinipolia sareta</taxonomicName>
from the northern Sierra Nevada and especially Nevada are considerably paler. Comparison of the type female of
<taxonomicName id="961942AF33F00BD7FBBA53FA76D6C368" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
to all other
<taxonomicName id="5DAB59EB1803E5386A94372D24B4087D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Lacinipolia vicina</taxonomicName>
-group taxa occurring in the region of the type locality shows that
<taxonomicName id="B9387C92A1423DD0796ACC091B5AC4A6" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia acutipennis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">Lacinipolia acutipennis</taxonomicName>
is a dark female of the low-elevation taxon previously treated as a form of
<taxonomicName id="A652FE9814CCDFE1972E9F4699D5D22C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacinipolia pensilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensilis">Lacinipolia pensilis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1AA2FB200BACF2BD841A8FEB9C4C4A4A" pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Variation in the DNA barcodes (Fig. 75) could be indicative of cryptic species, but genitalic structure is highly conserved and phenotypic blending is apparent from regions where adequate samples were available.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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