549 lines
60 KiB
XML
549 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="DE1062B5C0E897895A118E8681A6DB94" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5493.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13330137" ID-ZooBank="9CEA6F9D-A998-4967-8E00-AC2BE9A0AE13" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1723803429899" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grados, Juan" docDate="2024" docId="2C176A0BFFDD9C533EA8AD8751B012CA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5493.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5493 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5493.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ernassa cruenta" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="D02E1273FFCB9C4B3E3FAD58532F1763" masterDocTitle="Beyond appearances: the genus Ernassa Walker, 1856 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Phaegopterina) and the description of eight new species" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1725490756357" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="460D7EA947AFCE2879274803D87CB3FD">Beyond appearances: the genus Ernassa Walker, 1856 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Phaegopterina) and the description of eight new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E49B0CAE10088B979A344F6DAD02D158" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="23022A78B0D3E7B9BE2038DF6C9A04EF">Grados, Juan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7825E77BC329DC3775FFBC4C4319B3F2">Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Departamento de Entomología, Lima, Perú</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="28F6353ABBEFF579F7BE9653967D0092">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DFC0878D6A6BB5A1D7D73C6E5922266E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EC12AF8081EA1AB9FF871A400DDFFF62">
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<mods:date id="59E48697299D43B9A2EE9BE4A2B52DC6">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="57C56B109E8DF08CEEB598FA78E9E0D9">2024-08-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD0C063D3D547B74E4C56FFA2DD097BC">5493</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A51BF908FB02B7DF738A93A6E9FCC68F">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7EC351C31211A231E8AC0E7F84B70199">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5493.4.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="893ECBBDE118D2BF32329085175E159A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D3F3520E6A14C35249883A860FA7CE35" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5493.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F0A2CA201B885F2FEBFF90745156FA79" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2C176A0BFFDD9C533EA8AD8751B012CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C176A0BFFDD9C533EA8AD8751B012CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C176A0BFFDD9C533EA8AD8751B012CA" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<subSubSection id="ECA48896FFDD9C5D3EA8AD875165179A" box="[151,586,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDD9C5D3EA8AD875165179A" blockId="22.[151,586,223,285]" box="[151,586,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<heading id="FF496C71FFDD9C5D3EA8AD875165179A" bold="true" box="[151,586,223,249]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFDD9C5D3EA8AD875165179A" ID-CoL="3B8L3" authority="(Rothschild, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,586,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
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<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3EA8AD875165179A" bold="true" box="[151,586,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3EA8AD875270179A" bold="true" box="[151,351,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Ernassa cruenta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C02FA6ECFFDD9C5D3F51AD87516D179A" author="Rothschild, W." box="[366,578,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" pagination="21 - 52" refId="ref16270" refString="Rothschild, W. (1909) Descriptions of some new South American Arctiadae with notes. Noviates Zoologicae, 16 (1), 21 - 52, pls. IV - VII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 21958" type="journal article" year="1909">Rothschild, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECA48896FFDD9C5D3EA8AC5B5201167E" box="[151,302,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDD9C5D3EA8AC5B5201167E" blockId="22.[151,586,223,285]" box="[151,302,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3C85C798FFDD9C5D3EA0AC5B5209167E" box="[159,294,259,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 69–72" captionStart-1="FIGURES 73–76" captionStart-2="FIGURES 77–78" captionStartId-0="23.[151,264,999,1023]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,264,1975,1999]" captionStartId-2="24.[151,264,669,693]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,181,975]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,1083,1951]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,645]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@23.[158,1430,181,975]" captionTargetId-1="figure-59@23.[151,1435,1083,1951]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@24.[151,1436,181,645]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="FIGURES 69–72. “Ernassa cruenta” Rothschild. 69–70. Male.Albergue Refugio Amazonas. 69. Dorsal view. 70. Ventral view. 71–72. Female. P.N. Bahuaja-Sonene. 71. Dorsal view. 72. Ventral view. Scales=5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 73–76. Genitalia of “Ernassa cruenta” Rothschild. Male (Genitalia # JGA-1239, MUSM). 73. Dorsal view. 74. Ventral view. 75. Lateral view. 76. Aedeagus. Scales= 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 77–78. Genitalia of “Ernassa cruenta” Rothschild. Female (Genitalia # JGA-1311, MUSM). 77. Dorsal view. 78. Ventral view. Scales= 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330216" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330220" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330223" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13330216/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13330220/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13330223/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Figs. 69–78</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECA48896FFDD9C5D3EA8AC1356BA16B2" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDD9C5D3EA8AC1356BA16B2" blockId="22.[151,1437,331,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3EA8AC1352201606" bold="true" box="[151,271,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Wings reddish, with a subproximal rounded white spot between M
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<subScript id="383AD958FFDD9C5D3A33AC06573B160F" attach="left" box="[1036,1044,350,364]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">2</subScript>
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and Cu
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<subScript id="383AD958FFDD9C5D3A4FAC065757160F" attach="right" box="[1136,1144,350,364]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">1</subScript>
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. An oblique blackish line passing above the white spot and projecting towards the external margin. Tegumen with wide sides, with posterolateral pojections. Uncus rhomboid, posterior part rounded with a row of thick and rigid bristles; in lateral view, wide at its base, with a large concavity, followed by the narrow and elongated projection of pointed and hook-shaped end.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECA48896FFDD9C5D3EF8AC83564010BE" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3EF8AC8352E91696" bold="true" box="[199,454,475,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Material examinado.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="DCA99B8DFFDD9C5D3FECAC85510E169A" box="[467,545,477,505]" name="Peru" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">PERÚ</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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.
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="44654167FFDD9C5D3D1CAC8350F41696" box="[803,987,475,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Qda. Rumiyacu</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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,
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<date id="D000FDDDFFDD9C5D3FBAACA752D5157A" box="[389,506,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2008-02-24">
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(GENITALIA #
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;
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<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3CACAF7C500F155E" box="[659,800,547,574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">J. J. Ramirez</collectorName>
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(GENITALIA#
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,
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)
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<materialsCitation id="14D6D140FFDD9C5D3AFDAF7B57271502" collectingDate="2008-07-13" collectingDateMax="2008-07-14" collectingDateMin="2008-07-13" collectorName="M. Alvarado" country="Peru" elevation="230" latitude="-8.94837" location="Rio Suaya" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.008026" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="UCAYALI">
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.
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,
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<elevation id="2F933C2EFFDD9C5D3C59AF1F519F1501" box="[614,688,583,610]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D000FDDDFFDD9C5D3C82AF1F50461502" box="[701,873,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2008-07-13" valueMax="2008-07-14" valueMin="2008-07-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C0440435FFDD9C5D3C82AF1F50461502" box="[701,873,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2008-07-13" valueMax="2008-07-14" valueMin="2008-07-13">13–14.vii.2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3D4AAF1057271502" box="[885,1032,583,610]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. Alvarado</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="14D6D140FFDD9C5D3A2BAF1F52A215E6" collectingDate="2008-07-13" collectingDateMax="2008-07-14" collectingDateMin="2008-07-13" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="Alvarado" country="Peru" elevation="230" latitude="-8.94837" location="Rio Suaya" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.008026" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCode="JGA-1322" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ucayali">
|
||
<specimenCount id="B2B81094FFDD9C5D3A2BAF1F574C1502" box="[1044,1123,583,609]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, idem except (GENITALIA #
|
||
<specimenCode id="F4187366FFDD9C5D3E99AF33523215E6" box="[166,285,619,645]" collectionCode="JGA-" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA-1322</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3F15AF3352AA15E6" box="[298,389,619,645]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="14D6D140FFDD9C5D3FA6AF33528015CA" collectingDate="2009-03-30" collectorName="L. Figueroa" country="Peru" elevation="221" latitude="-12.365923" location="10 km E Sudadero" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.07169" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="MADRE DE DIOS">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3FA6AF3351AF15E6" bold="true" box="[409,640,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="667A15FFFFDD9C5D3FA6AF3351AF15E6" box="[409,640,619,645]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MADRE DE DIOS</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="B2B81094FFDD9C5D3CAEAF3351CE15E6" box="[657,737,619,645]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A1618DC6FFDD9C5D3CD1AF3350E715E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C176A0BFFDD9C533EA8AD8751B012CA:A1618DC6FFDD9C5D3CD1AF3350E715E6" box="[750,968,619,646]" country="Peru" latitude="-12.365923" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.07169" name="10 km E Sudadero" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" stateProvince="MADRE DE DIOS">
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFDD9C5D3CD1AF33501715E6" box="[750,824,619,645]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
E Sudadero
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18ABDDAFFDD9C5D3DEAAF33575015E5" box="[981,1151,619,646]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" precision="1" seconds="57.32" value="-12.365923">12°21’57.32”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18ABDDAFFDD9C5D3AB3AF33561115E6" box="[1164,1342,619,645]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" precision="1" seconds="18.09" value="-69.07169">69°04’18.09”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFDD9C5D3B73AF3356B815E5" box="[1356,1431,619,646]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="221.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2F933C2EFFDD9C5D3B73AF3356B815E5" box="[1356,1431,619,646]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="221.0">221 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D000FDDDFFDD9C5D3EA8AFD7523C15CA" box="[151,275,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2009-03-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C0440435FFDD9C5D3EA8AFD7523C15CA" box="[151,275,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2009-03-30">30.iii.2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3F1BAFC8528015CA" box="[292,431,655,682]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">L. Figueroa</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="14D6D140FFDD9C5D3FFFAFD756AF15AE" collectingDate="2017-03-19" collectionCode="MUSM, JGA COLLECTION, JGA-MUSM" collectorName="D. Couceiro" country="Peru" elevation="231" latitude="-12.875" location="Albergue Refugio Amazonas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.40972" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCode="ARCT-00592" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<specimenCount id="B2B81094FFDD9C5D3FFFAFD7513C15CA" box="[448,531,655,681]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A1618DC6FFDD9C5D3C1DAFD7505B15CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C176A0BFFDD9C533EA8AD8751B012CA:A1618DC6FFDD9C5D3C1DAFD7505B15CA" box="[546,884,655,681]" country="Peru" latitude="-12.875" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.40972" name="Albergue Refugio Amazonas" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" stateProvince="Amazonas">Albergue Refugio Amazonas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18ABDDAFFDD9C5D3DBAAFD7572415C9" box="[901,1035,655,682]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-12.875">12°52’30”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18ABDDAFFDD9C5D3A23AFD7578315C9" box="[1052,1196,655,682]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-69.40972">69°24’35”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFDD9C5D3A82AFD7562415C9" box="[1213,1291,655,682]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="231.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2F933C2EFFDD9C5D3A82AFD7562415C9" box="[1213,1291,655,682]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="231.0">231 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D000FDDDFFDD9C5D3B23AFD756B715CA" box="[1308,1432,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2017-03-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C0440435FFDD9C5D3B23AFD756B715CA" box="[1308,1432,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2017-03-19">19.iii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3EA8AFEC520B15AE" box="[151,292,691,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">D. Couceiro</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3F09AFEB52A215AE" box="[310,397,691,717]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="F4187366FFDD9C5D3FA9AFEB511F15AD" box="[406,560,691,718]" collectionCode="ARCT-" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">ARCT-00592</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3C00AFEB500415AE" box="[575,811,691,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA COLLECTION</collectionCode>
|
||
)(Voucher DNA dataing Arct #00255
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3ADFAFEB565715AE" box="[1248,1400,691,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA-MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="14D6D140FFDD9C5D3BB1AFEB50EF1476" collectingDate="2018-06-01" collectionCode="MUSM, JGA COLLECTION, JGA-MUSM" collectorName="J. D. Shoobridge" country="Peru" elevation="231" latitude="-12.875" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.40972" municipality="Voucher" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCode="JGA-1320, ARCT-001223" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="J">
|
||
<specimenCount id="B2B81094FFDD9C5D3BB1AFEB53FF1592" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, idem except,
|
||
<date id="D000FDDDFFDD9C5D3F4AAF8F52C01592" box="[373,495,727,753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2018-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C0440435FFDD9C5D3F4AAF8F52C01592" box="[373,495,727,753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2018-06-01">01.vi.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3FC3AF8051951592" box="[508,698,727,754]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">J. D. Shoobridge</collectorName>
|
||
(GENITALIA #
|
||
<specimenCode id="F4187366FFDD9C5D3D4AAF8F50C31592" box="[885,1004,727,753]" collectionCode="JGA-" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA-1320</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3DC7AF8F57601592" box="[1016,1103,727,753]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)(
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3A60AF8F57991592" box="[1119,1206,727,753]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="F4187366FFDD9C5D3A82AF8F564D1592" box="[1213,1378,727,753]" collectionCode="ARCT-" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">ARCT-001223</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3B55AF8F52681476" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA COLLECTION</collectionCode>
|
||
)(Voucher DNA barcoding Arct #00886
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3D1EAFA350961476" box="[801,953,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA-MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="14D6D140FFDD9C5D3DEFAFA35709145A" collectingDate="2022-08-10" collectionCode="PUNO" collectorName="A. Yarasca & J. Grados." country="Peru" elevation="231" latitude="-12.875" location="Albergue Refugio Amazonas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.40972" municipality="Albergue Refugio Amazonas" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<specimenCount id="B2B81094FFDD9C5D3DEFAFA357161476" box="[976,1081,763,789]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="44654167FFDD9C5D3A78AFA356B71476" box="[1095,1432,763,789]" country="Peru" latitude="-12.875" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.40972" name="Albergue Refugio Amazonas" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" stateProvince="Amazonas">Albergue Refugio Amazonas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18ABDDAFFDD9C5D3EA8AE4752311459" box="[151,286,799,826]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-12.875">12°52’30”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18ABDDAFFDD9C5D3F13AE4752941459" box="[300,443,799,826]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-69.40972">69°24’35”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFDD9C5D3FF6AE47513B1459" box="[457,532,799,826]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="231.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2F933C2EFFDD9C5D3FF6AE47513B1459" box="[457,532,799,826]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="231.0">231 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D000FDDDFFDD9C5D3C1DAE475184145A" box="[546,683,799,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2022-08-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C0440435FFDD9C5D3C1DAE475184145A" box="[546,683,799,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2022-08-10">10.viii.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3C87AE47501D1459" box="[696,818,799,826]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">A. Yarasca</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3D65AE7850E1145A" box="[858,974,799,826]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">J. Grados.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3DE9AE475709145A" box="[982,1062,799,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">PUNO</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="14D6D140FFDD9C5D3A0CAE47518814E2" collectingDate="2011-09-14" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="J. Grados & Razuri & E. Guillermo" country="Peru" elevation="335" latitude="-13.392166" location="Rio Tambopata" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.49963" municipality="P. N. Bahuaja-Sonene" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCode="JGA-1311" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="P">
|
||
<specimenCount id="B2B81094FFDD9C5D3A0CAE4757B6145A" box="[1075,1177,799,825]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="44654167FFDD9C5D3A99AE7856B7145A" box="[1190,1432,799,826]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">P.N. Bahuaja-Sonene</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="B5B3C23FFFDD9C5D3EA8AE1B529F143E" box="[151,432,835,862]" location="Qda. Aguajal" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFDD9C5D3EA8AE1B53CA143E" box="[151,229,835,862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="km" value="4.5">4.5 km</quantity>
|
||
NO Qda. Aguajal
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A1618DC6FFDD9C5D3F85AE1B5147143E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C176A0BFFDD9C533EA8AD8751B012CA:A1618DC6FFDD9C5D3F85AE1B5147143E" box="[442,616,835,861]" country="Peru" latitude="-13.392166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.49963" municipality="P. N. Bahuaja-Sonene" name="Rio Tambopata" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" stateProvince="P">Río Tambopata</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18ABDDAFFDD9C5D3C4DAE1B5021143E" box="[626,782,835,861]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="-13.392166">13°23’31.8”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C18ABDDAFFDD9C5D3D26AE1B5092143D" box="[793,957,835,862]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" precision="1" seconds="58.7" value="-69.49963">69°29’58.7”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFDD9C5D3DF7AE1B573E143D" box="[968,1041,835,862]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="335.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2F933C2EFFDD9C5D3DF7AE1B573E143D" box="[968,1041,835,862]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="335.0">335 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D000FDDDFFDD9C5D3A23AE1B57BA143E" box="[1052,1173,835,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2011-09-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C0440435FFDD9C5D3A23AE1B57BA143E" box="[1052,1173,835,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" value="2011-09-14">14.ix.2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3A9FAE1C5622143E" box="[1184,1293,835,862]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">J. Grados</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3B28AE1B564D143E" box="[1303,1378,835,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Razuri</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="094BBECBFFDD9C5D3BBBAE1C522514E2" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">E. Guillermo</collectorName>
|
||
(GENITALIA #
|
||
<specimenCode id="F4187366FFDD9C5D3FFCAE3F511614E2" box="[451,569,871,897]" collectionCode="JGA-" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA-1311</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3C7BAE3F51B014E2" box="[580,671,871,897]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="14D6D140FFDD9C5D3C8FAE3F50C314E2" box="[688,1004,871,897]" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" location="All" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="MUSM">
|
||
All deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3DACAE3F50C314E2" box="[915,1004,871,897]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDD9C5D3EF8AED350EB138A" blockId="22.[151,1437,331,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3EF8AED3522B14C6" bold="true" box="[199,260,907,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3C85C798FFDD9C5D3F2BAED352B014C6" box="[276,415,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–72" captionStartId="23.[151,264,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,975]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[158,1430,181,975]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 69–72. “Ernassa cruenta” Rothschild. 69–70. Male.Albergue Refugio Amazonas. 69. Dorsal view. 70. Ventral view. 71–72. Female. P.N. Bahuaja-Sonene. 71. Dorsal view. 72. Ventral view. Scales=5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13330216/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Figs. 69–70</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing span (
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFDD9C5D3C57AED351F914C6" box="[616,726,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (n=7). A good description of the male external morphology is available in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C02FA6ECFFDD9C5D3F21AEE852F114AA" author="Hampson, G." box="[286,478,943,970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refId="ref15881" refString="Hampson, G. (1920) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Supplement vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, 619 pp." type="book" year="1920">Hampson (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3FD7AEF751BD14AA" bold="true" box="[488,658,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3C85C798FFDD9C5D3C9FAEF7500914AA" box="[672,806,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 73–76" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1083,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-59@23.[151,1435,1083,1951]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 73–76. Genitalia of “Ernassa cruenta” Rothschild. Male (Genitalia # JGA-1239, MUSM). 73. Dorsal view. 74. Ventral view. 75. Lateral view. 76. Aedeagus. Scales= 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13330220/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Figs. 73–76</figureCitation>
|
||
) (Genitalia #
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3D86AEF750D614AA" box="[953,1017,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA-</collectionCode>
|
||
1240). Tegumen with wide sides, with projections on the lateral parts of the posterior margin. Uncus rhomboid, pointed towards the anterior part, narrower than the posterior part of tegumen; posterior part rounded with a row of stiff, thick bristles; in lateral view, wide at its base, with a great concavity, continuing with the narrow, elongate projection which ends pointed and hook-shaped. Saccus short and concave in the central part. Valva. Lateral view, elongate, dorsal margin sinusoid; ventral margin convex; ventral process membranous, short, with setae at the proximal half; dorsal process slightly sclerotized, short and curved. Ventral view. Valvae wide, elongate, at the distal half oblique towards the dorsal processes, setae at the mesal margin. Juxta, sclerotized, elongate and convex. Transtilla, sclerotized, pentagonal. Aedegaus, elongate, almost straight; coecum penis developed; Vesica membranous and short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDD9C5D3EF8A9AB5059116A" blockId="22.[151,1437,331,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3EF8A9AB5231126E" bold="true" box="[199,286,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3C85C798FFDD9C5D3F13A9AB5299126E" box="[300,438,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–72" captionStartId="23.[151,264,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,975]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[158,1430,181,975]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 69–72. “Ernassa cruenta” Rothschild. 69–70. Male.Albergue Refugio Amazonas. 69. Dorsal view. 70. Ventral view. 71–72. Female. P.N. Bahuaja-Sonene. 71. Dorsal view. 72. Ventral view. Scales=5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13330216/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Figs. 71–72</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing span (
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFDD9C5D3C46A9AB51E5126E" box="[633,714,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (n=2). With the same traits as the male except for the short rami, less than the width of the flagellum and the absence of retinaculum. The white spot of the forewings, in subproximal position at M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFDD9C5D3F0AA8165212123F" attach="left" box="[309,317,1358,1372]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFDD9C5D3F5FA8165247123F" attach="left" box="[352,360,1358,1372]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">3</subScript>
|
||
, while in males, at M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFDD9C5D3C4EA8165156123F" attach="left" box="[625,633,1358,1372]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">2</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFDD9C5D3C9CA8165184123F" attach="left" box="[675,683,1358,1372]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">1</subScript>
|
||
. Three bristles at the frenulum.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3A13A86357D91236" bold="true" box="[1068,1270,1339,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3C85C798FFDD9C5D3B36A86356BB1236" box="[1289,1428,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–78" captionStartId="24.[151,264,669,693]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,645]" captionTargetId="figure-21@24.[151,1436,181,645]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 77–78. Genitalia of “Ernassa cruenta” Rothschild. Female (Genitalia # JGA-1311, MUSM). 77. Dorsal view. 78. Ventral view. Scales= 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13330223/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Figs. 77–78</figureCitation>
|
||
) (GENITALIA #
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3F76A80752A6121A" box="[329,393,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA-</collectionCode>
|
||
1311,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3FF5A807510A121A" box="[458,549,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
). Eighth tergite slightly sclerotized. Papillae taller than wide, with a rectangular dilation at the medial part; with greater density of setae at the dorsal part. Glands elongate and narrow. Posterior processes longer than the anterior ones. Lamella antivaginalis and postvaginalis slightly sclerotized. Ductus bursae membranous, short and wide. Cervix bursae short and somewhat quadrangular. Corpus bursae membranous and globose. Ductus seminalis from the left side of the Cervix bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDD9C5D3EF8AB4B56B71132" blockId="22.[151,1437,331,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDD9C5D3EF8AB4B5211114E" bold="true" box="[199,318,1555,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Barcoding</emphasis>
|
||
: The mitochondrial DNA sequence (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3CE5AB4B5024114E" box="[730,779,1555,1581]" country="Portugal" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
|
||
) of one specimeni is as follows (Voucher DNA barcoding,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3EA8AB6F53F11132" box="[151,222,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">ARCT</collectionCode>
|
||
#255
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3F1DAB6F52791132" box="[290,342,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">JGA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3F5FAB6F529B1132" box="[352,436,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
) (GenBank: BankIt2839965 gnl|uoguelph|
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3D44AB6F50F01131" box="[891,991,1591,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">RFEWA</collectionCode>
|
||
255-17.COI-5P PP911834) (See
|
||
<tableCitation id="E93CEEA6FFDD9C5D3B07AB6F56A81132" box="[1336,1415,1591,1617]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,244,728,752]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. GenBank and Bold Systems Codes and the species of the genus Ernassa." pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDD9C5D3EA8AB27564010BE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1663,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
AACACTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCCGGAATATTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGATTATTAATTC GAGCTGAATTAGGAAATCCAGGATCCTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACAATTGTTACC G C C C
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3ED2AB9F523D1182" box="[237,274,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">AT</collectionCode>
|
||
G C
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3F7FAB9052571181" box="[320,376,1736,1762]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">T T T</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3F44AB9F510A1182" box="[379,549,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">TAT TATA AT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3C18AB9051B51181" box="[551,666,1736,1762]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">T T T T T T</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3CA3AB9F51C91182" box="[668,742,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">TATA</collectionCode>
|
||
G
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3D3FAB90503E1181" box="[768,785,1736,1762]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">T</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3D2CAB9F50721182" box="[787,861,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">TATA</collectionCode>
|
||
C C A
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3D9EAB9F57151182" box="[929,1082,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">AT TATA AT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3A03AB9057621181" box="[1084,1101,1736,1762]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">T</collectionCode>
|
||
G G A G G
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3AFEAB9F57C91182" box="[1217,1254,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">AT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3AD7AB9056231181" box="[1256,1292,1736,1762]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">T T</collectionCode>
|
||
G G
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3B03AB9F564D1182" box="[1340,1378,1735,1761]" country="0" name="Timescale Adventures Research and Interpretive Center" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">TA</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3B5BAB9F56A61182" box="[1380,1417,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">AT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2AF43D8FFDD9C5D3BB4AB9056B31181" box="[1419,1436,1736,1762]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">T</collectionCode>
|
||
GATTAGTTCCTTTAATATTAGGAGCCCCAGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAACAATATAAGTTTTT GACTTTTACCCCCATCATTAACTTTATTAATTTCAAGAAGAATTGTTGAAAATGGGGCCGGAACAG GATGAACAGTTTATCCACCTTTATCATCTAATATTGCACATGGAGGAAGTTCAGTAGATTTAGC TATTTTCTCTTTACATTTAGCTGGAATTTCTTCAATTTTAGGAGCAATTAACTTTATTACTACAAT TATCAATATACGATTAAATAACTTATCATTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTATGAGCAGTTGGAAT TACAGCTTTCCTATTATTACTTTCATTACCAGTATTAGCAGGAGCAATTACCATATTATTAACTGATC GAAATTTAAATACCTCATTTTTTGATCCTGCGGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTCTTTATCAACATTTATTT
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="F0C18B95FFDC9C5C3EA8AEBF57231341" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13330216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13330216/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" startId="23.[151,264,999,1023]" targetBox="[158,1430,181,975]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDC9C5C3EA8AEBF57231341" blockId="23.[151,1437,999,1059]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3EA8AEBF5263149C" bold="true" box="[151,332,999,1023]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">FIGURES 69–72</emphasis>
|
||
. “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFDC9C5C3F5CAEB051A1149C" authority="" Rothschild." authorityName="Rothschild." box="[355,654,999,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3F5CAEB051A7149C" box="[355,648,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Ernassa cruenta” Rothschild</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3CABAEBF51FC149C" bold="true" box="[660,723,999,1023]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">69–70</emphasis>
|
||
. Male.Albergue Refugio Amazonas.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3A74AEBF574B149C" bold="true" box="[1099,1124,999,1023]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">69</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3ACBAEBF5622149C" bold="true" box="[1268,1293,999,1023]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">70</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3EA8A95353F91340" bold="true" box="[151,214,1035,1059]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">71–72</emphasis>
|
||
. Female. P.N. Bahuaja-Sonene.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3C21A95351181340" bold="true" box="[542,567,1035,1059]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">71</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3CF5A95351CC1340" bold="true" box="[714,739,1035,1059]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">72</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view. Scales=5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F0C18B95FFDC9C5C3EA8AAEF51D01090" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13330220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13330220/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" startId="23.[151,264,1975,1999]" targetBox="[151,1435,1083,1951]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFDC9C5C3EA8AAEF51D01090" blockId="23.[151,1436,1975,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3EA8AAEF527F10AC" bold="true" box="[151,336,1975,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">FIGURES 73–76</emphasis>
|
||
. Genitalia of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFDC9C5C3FD1AAE0500C10AC" authority="" Rothschild." authorityName="Rothschild." box="[494,803,1975,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3FD1AAE0518A10AC" box="[494,677,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Ernassa cruenta”</emphasis>
|
||
Rothschild.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Male (Genitalia # JGA-1239, MUSM).
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3AF6AAEF57CD10AC" bold="true" box="[1225,1250,1975,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">73</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3B42AAEF56B910AC" bold="true" box="[1405,1430,1975,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">74</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3F1CAA8452131097" bold="true" box="[291,316,2012,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">75</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFDC9C5C3FECAA8352C31090" bold="true" box="[467,492,2011,2035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">76</emphasis>
|
||
. Aedeagus. Scales= 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F0C18B95FFD39C533EA8AFC5529515BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13330223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13330223/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" startId="24.[151,264,669,693]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,645]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFD39C533EA8AFC5529515BA" blockId="24.[151,1436,669,729]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533EA8AFC5526115D6" bold="true" box="[151,334,669,693]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">FIGURES 77–78</emphasis>
|
||
. Genitalia of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533FD7AFC6503415D6" authority="" Rothschild." authorityName="Rothschild." box="[488,795,669,693]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533FD7AFC651B115D6" box="[488,670,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ernassa cruenta”</emphasis>
|
||
Rothschild.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Female (Genitalia # JGA-1311, MUSM).
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533AF2AFC557C915D6" bold="true" box="[1229,1254,669,693]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">77</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533B42AFC556B915D6" bold="true" box="[1405,1430,669,693]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">78</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view. Scales= 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ECA48896FFD39C533EF8AE7356AC1426" box="[199,1411,811,838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFD39C533EF8AE7356AC1426" blockId="24.[151,1437,811,1450]" box="[199,1411,811,838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533EF8AE7352761426" bold="true" box="[199,345,811,837]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. In the Amazon forests of the departments of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="667A15FFFFD39C533D64AE7450861425" box="[859,937,812,838]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="667A15FFFFD39C533D8CAE7357221426" box="[947,1037,811,837]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="667A15FFFFD39C533A27AE7357901426" box="[1048,1215,811,837]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="667A15FFFFD39C533ACAAE7456001425" box="[1269,1327,812,838]" country="Peru" name="Puno" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Puno</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DCA99B8DFFD39C533B01AE7356581426" box="[1342,1399,811,837]" name="Peru" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ECA48896FFD39C533EF8AE1751B012CA" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFD39C533EF8AE175049137D" blockId="24.[151,1437,811,1450]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533EF8AE17521B140A" bold="true" box="[199,308,847,873]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533FEDAE175043140A" authority="Rothschild, 1909" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1909" box="[466,876,847,873]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Automolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533FEDAE17518D140A" box="[466,674,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Automolis cruenta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C02FA6ECFFD39C533C94AE175043140A" author="Rothschild, W." box="[683,876,847,873]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" pagination="21 - 52" refId="ref16270" refString="Rothschild, W. (1909) Descriptions of some new South American Arctiadae with notes. Noviates Zoologicae, 16 (1), 21 - 52, pls. IV - VII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 21958" type="journal article" year="1909">Rothschild, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="B2B81094FFD39C533AB4AE1757F7140A" box="[1163,1240,847,873]" count="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="male">4 male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DCA99B8DFFD39C533EA8AE2C53E514ED" box="[151,202,884,910]" name="Peru" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DCA99B8DFFD39C533F3DAE2B526414EE" box="[258,331,883,909]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
: “La Union, R. Huacamayo, Carabaya,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DCA99B8DFFD39C533D35AE2C501214ED" box="[778,829,884,910]" name="Peru" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
<quantity id="634676F8FFD39C533D7AAE2B50B014EE" box="[837,927,883,909]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="ft" value="2000.0">2000 ft.</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D000FDDDFFD39C533D94AE2B577214EE" box="[939,1117,883,909]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" value="1904-12">December 1904</date>
|
||
(G. Ockenden)” and “Fonte Boa,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="667A15FFFFD39C533EEEAEC0526514D1" box="[209,330,920,946]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D000FDDDFFD39C533F6AAEC052E814D2" box="[341,455,919,946]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" value="1906-05">May 1906</date>
|
||
(S.M. Klages)”. Years later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C02FA6ECFFD39C533D36AEC050E914D2" author="Hampson, G." box="[777,966,919,946]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" refId="ref15881" refString="Hampson, G. (1920) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Supplement vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, 619 pp." type="book" year="1920">Hampson (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the species in the same genus. More than 60 years later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C02FA6ECFFD39C533F8DAEE451F414B6" author="Watson, A. & Goodger, D." box="[434,731,955,982]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref16612" refString="Watson, A. & Goodger, D. (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger-moths. Ocassional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1986">Watson & Goodger (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
formally considered the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533A77AEE3563914B6" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1909" box="[1096,1302,955,981]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Automolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533A77AEE3563914B6" box="[1096,1302,955,981]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Automolis cruenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533B06AEE456BA14B6" authorityName="Walker, 1856:" authorityYear="1643" box="[1337,1429,956,981]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533B06AEE456BA14B6" box="[1337,1429,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ernassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is almost certain that the wing color pattern, very similar to the other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533A7EAEB857B2149A" authorityName="Walker, 1856:" authorityYear="1643" box="[1089,1181,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533A7EAEB857B2149A" box="[1089,1181,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ernassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus, must have been considered for the incorporation of the species within the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A401DB1DFFD39C533EF8A97F51B012CA" blockId="24.[151,1437,811,1450]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
According to our analysis of the external morphological characters, wing color pattern, male genitalia characters, and molecular barcoding data, the hypothesis we propose is the polyphylia of the genus. That is,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533AF1A91356B21306" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1909" box="[1230,1437,1099,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Automolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533AF1A91356B21306" box="[1230,1437,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Automolis cruenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would not have a common origin with the other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533DF1A928570513EA" authorityName="Walker, 1856:" authorityYear="1643" box="[974,1066,1136,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533DF1A928570513EA" box="[974,1066,1136,1161]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ernassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The morphological differences between the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533F52A9CC52E613CE" authorityName="Walker, 1856:" authorityYear="1643" box="[365,457,1172,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533F52A9CC52E613CE" box="[365,457,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ernassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533C40A9CB506113CE" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1909" box="[639,846,1171,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Automolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533C40A9CB506113CE" box="[639,846,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Automolis cruenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the following:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533A1DA9CC575113CE" authorityName="Walker, 1856:" authorityYear="1643" box="[1058,1150,1172,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Ernassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533A1DA9CC575113CE" box="[1058,1150,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Ernassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents the subproximal whitish spot at M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFD39C533F5FA992524713BB" attach="left" box="[352,360,1226,1240]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFD39C533FB5A99252BD13BB" attach="left" box="[394,402,1226,1240]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">3</subScript>
|
||
of the forewings; the blackish spot that passes over the white spot, when present, projects over the M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFD39C533F26A9B6520E139F" attach="left" box="[281,289,1262,1276]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">2</subScript>
|
||
vein; tegumen with narrow sides; with sclerotized processes at the dorsal and anterior part of the uncus, with long setae present; dorsal valvar process sclerotized; aedeagus sinuosid. Whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63BEA09EFFD39C533AFDA8585616127A" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1909" box="[1218,1337,1280,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Automolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="96CA070FFFD39C533AFDA8585616127A" box="[1218,1337,1280,1306]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. cruenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents the subproximal whitish spot at M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFD39C533C27A86E510F1227" attach="left" box="[536,544,1334,1348]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">2</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFD39C533C74A86E517C1227" attach="right" box="[587,595,1334,1348]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">1</subScript>
|
||
; the blackish spot passing over the white spot, projects up to middle of M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFD39C533BABA86E56B31227" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1334,1348]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">2</subScript>
|
||
and another part projecting obliquely towards M
|
||
<subScript id="383AD958FFD39C533C81A80251E9120B" attach="left" box="[702,710,1370,1384]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">3</subScript>
|
||
; tegumen with wide sides; uncus without sclerotized processes, rhomboid, pointed towards the anterior side, posterior part rounded with a row of rigid, thick bristles; dorsal valvar process slightly sclerotized; aedeagus straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |