253 lines
30 KiB
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253 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7A3376BDB33A25E9A1EE8D261168048F">Discovery of the primary aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) and scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) type specimens from the collection of Theodor Hartig (1805 - 1880)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="2009293E26E7582C3F8F7E44B7702C0C">Sektion Hemiptera, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM), Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 München, Germany. raupach @ snsb. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8299 - 6697</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F0F6B7EBFEAE098B" box="[151,306,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Coccus strobus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F0F6B7C5FEA809AA" box="[151,308,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Chermes strobi</emphasis>
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(
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(change of combination and senior synonym with respect to
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F438B7C5FA8609AA" box="[1113,1306,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Chermes corticalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F542B7C5FEB709C8" author="Kaltenbach, J. H." pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17899" refString="Kaltenbach, J. H. (1843) Monographie der Familien der Pflanzenlause (Phytophthires). I. Theil. Die Blatt- und Erdlause (Aphidina et Hyponomeutes). In commission der Roschutz'schen Buchhandlung, Aachen, 265 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51483" type="book" year="1843">Kaltenbach, 1843: 197</bibRefCitation>
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—
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).
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F0F6B787FEBE09EF" box="[151,290,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Coccus strobi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F151B780FE2E09EF" author="Hartig, T." box="[304,434,1251,1275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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)
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(alternate spelling—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10ED4277FFD3F2F0B780FCA509EF" author="Hartig, T." box="[657,825,1251,1275]" page="85" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" year="1851">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F2F0B780FCA509EF" author="Hartig, T." box="[657,825,1251,1275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17580" refString="Hartig, T. (1851) Vollstandige Naturgeschichte der Forstlichen Culturpflanzen Deutschlands. A. Forstner'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, 580 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49844" type="book" year="1851">Hartig, 1851: 85</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<paragraph id="8B9036FC4277FFD3F0F6B661FADA080E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,1337]" box="[151,1350,1282,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3F11D24277FFD3F0F6B661FADA080E" box="[151,1350,1282,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F0F6B661FEC4080E" box="[151,344,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Chermes corticalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F13FB661FD8D080E" author="Kaltenbach, J. H." box="[350,529,1282,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17899" refString="Kaltenbach, J. H. (1843) Monographie der Familien der Pflanzenlause (Phytophthires). I. Theil. Die Blatt- und Erdlause (Aphidina et Hyponomeutes). In commission der Roschutz'schen Buchhandlung, Aachen, 265 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51483" type="book" year="1843">Kaltenbach, 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(misapplied junior synonym—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10ED4277FFD3F32EB661FB97080E" author="Buckton, G. B." box="[847,1035,1282,1306]" page="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" year="1883">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F32EB661FB97080E" author="Buckton, G. B." box="[847,1035,1282,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref16126" refString="Buckton, G. B. (1883) Monograph of the British Aphides. Vol. IV. Printed for the Ray Society, London, 228 pp." type="book" year="1883">Buckton, 1883: 23</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F440B661FA96080E" authority=", Hartig" authorityName="Hartig" box="[1057,1290,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strobi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F440B661FB5E080E" box="[1057,1218,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Chermes strobi,</emphasis>
|
||
Hartig
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?)”).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036FC4277FFD3F0F6B642FC56082C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,1337]" box="[151,970,1312,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3F11D24277FFD3F0F6B642FC56082C" box="[151,970,1312,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F0F6B642FE28082D" ID-CoL="4HYBS" authority="(Hartig, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[151,436,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strobi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F0F6B642FE80082C" box="[151,284,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Pineus strobi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F14BB643FE31082D" author="Hartig, T." box="[298,429,1312,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig, 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(change of combination—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8E10ED4277FFD3F2A7B643FC1C082C" author="Borner, C." box="[710,896,1312,1337]" page="415" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F2A7B643FC1C082C" author="Borner, C." box="[710,896,1312,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" pagination="413 - 428" refId="ref15933" refString="Borner, C. (1908) 5. Systematik und Biologie der Chermiden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32, 413 - 428." type="journal article" year="1908">Börner, 1908: 415</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F3F0B643FC56082C" bold="true" box="[913,970,1312,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Valid</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036FC4277FFD3F0F6B605FE6B08DD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1382,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F0F6B605FE800894" bold="true" box="[151,284,1382,1408]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B473CA14277FFD3F145B604FE6F08DD" collectingDate="1834-05-01" collectingDateMax="1834-05-20" collectingDateMin="1834-05-01" country="Germany" location="Tiergarten" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berlin">
|
||
Two covered in wax and mounted on a rectangular card without a label. A third (87) covered in wax and mounted
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F14EB6E8FEE808B0" box="[303,372,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on plant tissue. Hartig’s notes indicate that it was collected between
|
||
<date id="FF91103C4277FFD3F416B6E8FAAC08B1" box="[1143,1328,1419,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" value="1834-05-01" valueMax="1834-05-20" valueMin="1834-05-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9D44277FFD3F416B6E8FAAC08B1" box="[1143,1328,1419,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" value="1834-05-01" valueMax="1834-05-20" valueMin="1834-05-01">May 1–20, 1834</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
from oak in
|
||
<location id="8EF060274277FFD3F0D2B6CCFEB508DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687EA4277FFD3F0F6B720FDA10A19:8EF060274277FFD3F0D2B6CCFEB508DD" box="[179,297,1455,1481]" country="Germany" name="Tiergarten" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Berlin">Tiergarten</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EBF81E4277FFD3F154B6CCFEE208DD" box="[309,382,1455,1481]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F338766C4277FFD3F1E8B6CCFE6F08DD" box="[393,499,1455,1481]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33565774277FFD3F0A6B6B0FDA10A19" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036FC4277FFD3F0A6B6B0FDA10A19" blockId="7.[151,1437,1382,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F0A6B6B0FEA708F9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1491,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F123B6B0FE4008F9" author="Hartig, T." box="[322,476,1491,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified the North American white pine,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F3A1B6B0FBC408F9" box="[960,1112,1491,1517]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F3A1B6B0FBC408F9" box="[960,1112,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as the host plant and source of species etymology for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F1D6B694FD6D0B05" authority="Hartig, 1839" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1839" box="[439,753,1527,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F1D6B694FDFE0B05" box="[439,610,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Coccus strobus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F20AB694FD6D0B05" author="Hartig, T." box="[619,753,1527,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig,1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so specimen 87 may be mislabelled or oak was accidentally identified as the host in his notes.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F27BB578FD280B21" author="Hartig, T." box="[538,692,1563,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was in doubt about the generic placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F4D9B578FAB60B21" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1839" box="[1208,1322,1563,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F4D9B578FAB60B21" box="[1208,1322,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">C. strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other related pine and spruce feeding species. Indeed, general confusion about where to place species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F4B7B55CFF530B69" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F4B7B55CFAB40B4D" box="[1238,1320,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Coccus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F54EB55CFF530B69" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref18265" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differntiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F0BDB500FE690B69" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[220,501,1634,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F0BDB500FEDC0B69" box="[220,320,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Chermes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F127B500FE690B69" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[326,501,1634,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref18265" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differntiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F24CB500FCA90B69" authority="Linnaeus, 1740" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1740" box="[557,821,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F24CB500FD1F0B68" box="[557,643,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F2E8B500FCA90B69" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[649,821,1635,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref18211" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1740) Systema naturae in quo natureae regna tria, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, systematice, proponuntur, Editio Secundo. G. Kiesewetter, Stockholmiae, 83 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 159405" type="book" year="1740">Linnaeus, 1740</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extended well into the next century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F4AFB500FAFA0B69" author="Burdon, E. R." box="[1230,1382,1635,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref16190" refString="Burdon, E. R. (1907) Notes on the origin of the name Chermes or Kermes. Journal of the Linnean Society, London, 30, 5 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1907. tb 02118. x" type="journal article" year="1907">Burdon 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We cannot be completely certain of the identity of these specimens without slide mounting them, but the individual
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F5E7B5E4FF230BD0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
on pine bark and the description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F23AB5C8FD690BD1" author="Hartig, T." box="[603,757,1707,1733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of this species covering the trunks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F4C0B5C8FAA50BD1" box="[1185,1337,1707,1733]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F4C0B5C8FAA50BD1" box="[1185,1337,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in white wool “as if covered with snow,” leave little doubt that these specimens are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D7F4277FFD3F390B5ACFAAC0BFD" authority="(Hartig, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1009,1328,1743,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strobi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAEE4277FFD3F390B5ACFB1A0BFD" box="[1009,1158,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Pineus strobi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B0D4277FFD3F4F6B5ACFAB40BFD" author="Hartig, T." box="[1175,1320,1743,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" refId="ref17508" refString="Hartig, T. (1839) Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde im Jahre 1836 und 1837 nebst Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser Wissenschaften. A. Forstner, Berlin, 646 pp." type="book" year="1839">Hartig, 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only adelgid species that exhibits this trait.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |