375 lines
71 KiB
XML
375 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D76682A5905CB35473B8F234CB35B5F3">A Hotspot of Amoebae Diversity: 8 New Naked Amoebae Associated with the Planktonic Bloom-forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D9C2FB0302164985619DB6839A62700">Van Wichelen, Jeroen</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0228D806FFA6FF8BFF7EFC2FFA576348" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538870" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233769597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12538870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0228D806FFA6FF8BFF7EFC2FFA576348" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0228D806FFA6FF8BFF7EFC2FFA576348" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="C29B3A9BFFA6FF8AFF7EFC2FFEBD6407" box="[170,325,1003,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A3E6910FFA6FF8AFF7EFC2FFEBD6407" blockId="6.[170,325,1003,1030]" box="[170,325,1003,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFF7EFC2FFEBD6407" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" box="[170,325,1003,1030]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFF7EFC2FFEBD6407" bold="true" box="[170,325,1003,1030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Korotnevella</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8A3E6910FFA6FF8AFF7EFBD2FF0D6547" blockId="6.[132,779,1046,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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All the dactylopodial strains were placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFF6CFBFCFEA86453" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" box="[184,336,1080,1106]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFF6CFBFCFEA86453" box="[184,336,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Korotnevella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which appeared monophyletic with good bootstrap and posterior probability support (
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<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFD0FFB9FFF546499" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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). The
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<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFED5FBBBFE716499" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[257,393,1151,1176]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFED5FBBBFE716499" box="[257,393,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Microcystis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-associated
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<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFDCDFBBAFD496499" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" box="[537,689,1150,1176]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFDCDFBBAFD496499" box="[537,689,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Korotnevella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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strains fell into two lineages, containing two and five strains respectively, without representatives of known species.
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<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFF50FB23FF6E6501" box="[132,150,1255,1280]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">P</emphasis>
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-distances were 4.9–5.9% (75–99 differing positions) between both lineages and 0.0–1.7% (0–23) within a lineage.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A3E6910FFA6FF8AFF7EFA8AFBB16402" blockId="6.[132,779,1046,1594]" lastBlockId="6.[816,1463,224,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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Locomotive amoebae belonging to the first lineage, strains A4
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<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA6FF8AFEFBFAB5FE6B658A" box="[303,403,1393,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">DVDPB</collectionCode>
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and A1
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<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA6FF8AFE3CFAB5FDB0658A" box="[488,584,1393,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">JEPDK</collectionCode>
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, were triangular, elongated or irregularly shaped (
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<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFDD2FA50FD9B65AF" box="[518,611,1428,1454]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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). No differentiated uroidal structures were observed. Feeding amoebae (on
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<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFF3CFA1EFE8865F2" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[232,368,1498,1523]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFF3CFA1EFE8865F2" box="[232,368,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Microcystis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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colonies) were spherical to cylindrical without dactylopodia (
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<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFE0FFA38FDCD6617" box="[475,565,1532,1558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFDEAFA39FDB56616" box="[574,589,1533,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[124,159,1777,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-9@16.[190,1408,222,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Cochliopodium, including the Microcystis-associated strain (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of locomotive amoebae clearly showing the surrounding hyaline sheet (black arrows) punctuated with microscales (best visible in 8), a few small subpseudopodia (black arrowheads) and trailing adhesive uroidal filaments (white arrows) (1–5), a tropho- zoite during and just after grazing on Microcystis cells showing a prominent fringe of folded hyaloplasm (white arrowheads) (6–9), the bell-shaped form on colonies of Microcystis aeruginosa (10–11) and floating amoebae (12–13). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538729/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">7</figureCitation>
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) but sometimes with a very long and thin sub-pseudopodium when maintained in starved conditions. Length of the locomotive form was 16–41 µm (mean 28), width 6–20 µm (11) and length/width ratio 1.2–6.0 (2.6). One vesicular globular nucleus about 2–3 µm in diameter was present containing one slightly eccentrically located globular nucleolus of about 1–2 µm, occasionally showing a highly refractive central pore-like area (lacuna) under phase-contrast illumination (arrow in
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<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFAFBFE13FA7361F0" box="[1327,1419,471,497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFA43FE1CFA5061F3" box="[1431,1448,472,498]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[124,159,1777,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-9@16.[190,1408,222,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Cochliopodium, including the Microcystis-associated strain (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of locomotive amoebae clearly showing the surrounding hyaline sheet (black arrows) punctuated with microscales (best visible in 8), a few small subpseudopodia (black arrowheads) and trailing adhesive uroidal filaments (white arrows) (1–5), a tropho- zoite during and just after grazing on Microcystis cells showing a prominent fringe of folded hyaloplasm (white arrowheads) (6–9), the bell-shaped form on colonies of Microcystis aeruginosa (10–11) and floating amoebae (12–13). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538729/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">7</figureCitation>
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). Floating forms were spherical with a diameter of 10–16 µm (14) and displaying 4–10 long, hyaline, pointed pseudopodia of maximally 25 µm long. Large spherical planktonic aggregates of up to several hundred individuals were observed occasionally in older cultures. Cysts were never observed. The scales, covering the entire cell surface, consisted of an elliptical disc with upwards curved edges and a centrally located cone-like spine giving it a ‘witches hat’ appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFAE7FCD1FA5F6331" box="[1331,1447,789,816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[127,162,1135,1157]" captionTargetBox="[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. TEM pictures of the scales on the cell surface of Korotnevella jeppesenii (a, c) and K. pelagolacustris (b, d) trophozoites viewed from top (a, b) and side (c, d). Scale bars: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538720/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 3a, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The length of the scales observed at top view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFA8EFCFCFA556352" box="[1370,1453,824,851]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[127,162,1135,1157]" captionTargetBox="[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. TEM pictures of the scales on the cell surface of Korotnevella jeppesenii (a, c) and K. pelagolacustris (b, d) trophozoites viewed from top (a, b) and side (c, d). Scale bars: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538720/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
) varied from
|
||
<quantity id="4D79C4F5FFA6FF8AFC1CFC98FBA76377" box="[968,1119,860,886]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.27" metricValueMin="1.93" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="nm" value="260.0" valueMax="327.0" valueMin="193.0">193–327 nm</quantity>
|
||
(277), the width from
|
||
<quantity id="4D79C4F5FFA6FF8AFAA8FC98FC70639B" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.635" metricValueMax="2.03" metricValueMin="1.24" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="nm" value="163.5" valueMax="203.0" valueMin="124.0">124– 203 nm</quantity>
|
||
(172) and the L/W ratio from 1.2–2.1 (1.6). The spine length observed in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFACEFC66FA8B63BC" box="[1306,1395,930,957]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[127,162,1135,1157]" captionTargetBox="[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. TEM pictures of the scales on the cell surface of Korotnevella jeppesenii (a, c) and K. pelagolacustris (b, d) trophozoites viewed from top (a, b) and side (c, d). Scale bars: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538720/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
|
||
) was
|
||
<quantity id="4D79C4F5FFA6FF8AFCE4FC02FC5F63E1" box="[816,935,966,992]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="nm" value="72.0" valueMax="97.0" valueMin="47.0">47–97 nm</quantity>
|
||
(76), width at the base
|
||
<quantity id="4D79C4F5FFA6FF8AFB10FC02FAB263E1" box="[1220,1354,966,993]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" unit="nm" value="90.0" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="56.0">56–124 nm</quantity>
|
||
(80) and L/W ratio 0.5–1.5 (1.0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A3E6910FFA6FF8BFC82FBC8FD556460" blockId="6.[816,1463,224,1593]" lastBlockId="7.[125,771,223,1609]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
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<materialsCitation id="3AE9634DFFA6FF8BFC82FBC8FD506460" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899472309" collectionCode="WVB, LMS" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="A16, A21, A54" specimenCount="1">
|
||
The locomotive amoebae from the second lineage, strains A8
|
||
<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA6FF8AFC7CFBF4FC08644B" box="[936,1008,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">WVB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA27C16BFFA6FF8AFC2AFBF4FBC8644B" box="[1022,1072,1072,1098]" collectionCode="WVB" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">A16</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA6FF8AFBFBFBF4FB8F644B" box="[1071,1143,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">WVB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA27C16BFFA6FF8AFB50FBF4FB4F644B" box="[1156,1207,1072,1098]" collectionCode="WVB" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">A21</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA6FF8AFB62FBF4FB06644B" box="[1206,1278,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">WVB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA27C16BFFA6FF8AFADFFBF4FAC6644A" box="[1291,1342,1072,1099]" collectionCode="WVB" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">A54</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA6FF8AFAE9FBF4FA7A644A" box="[1341,1410,1072,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">WVB</collectionCode>
|
||
and A1
|
||
<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA6FF8AFC85FB97FC6B646C" box="[849,915,1107,1133]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wtb5-h9yd" name="Carolina Biological Supply Company" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">LMS</collectionCode>
|
||
, were all triangular, elongated or irregularly shaped due to the formation of short to deeply inclined pseudopodia on one or both ends or all around the cell body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFC30FB79FBBE64D6" box="[996,1094,1213,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFB85FB79FB9964D6" box="[1105,1121,1213,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[127,162,1135,1157]" captionTargetBox="[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. TEM pictures of the scales on the cell surface of Korotnevella jeppesenii (a, c) and K. pelagolacustris (b, d) trophozoites viewed from top (a, b) and side (c, d). Scale bars: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538720/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFBA6FB79FB7B64D6" box="[1138,1155,1213,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[125,160,1695,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[177,1411,223,1939]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of the family Hartmannellidae, including Microcystis-associated strains of Copromyxa (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of C. microcystidis showing locomotive trophozoites (1–7, 10) containing a pronounced hyaline cap (white arrowheads), a vesicular nucleus with globular nucleolus (white arrows), big crystals (black arrows) and Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (black arrowheads), non-oriented moving trophozoites (8–9, 11), a grazing amoeba capturing a Microcystis cell (12–14), the floating form (15) and a double-walled cyst stage (16). C – LM pictures of C. vandevyveri showing locomotive trophozoites (1, 6–9), trophozoites during non-oriented movement (2–5, 10–12) and floating forms (13–15). Black arrows indicate the presence of small, refractive crystals in the cytoplasm, the white arrow shows the vesicular nucleus with a globular lacuna-containing nucleolus, white arrowheads indicate a pronounced hyaline cap. Ingested Microcystis cells are visible in (9) and (11). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538723/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFB40FB79FB5A64D6" box="[1172,1186,1213,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[125,160,1778,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-10@18.[148,1448,222,1933]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Angulamoeba. Sequences new for this study are indicated in bold. ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of Angulamoeba microcystivorans (strains A1WVB (1, 2, 4) and A4WVB (3)) showing the characteristic rusty-colored plasmodium-like mucilage matrix with embedded trophozoites devouring a culture of Microcystis aeruginosa colonies (1–2), multi-vacuolated trophozoites that are seemingly connected by their filopodia (3) and amoeba-flagellates in different stages of transition (4). Scale bars: 200 µm (1), 100 µm (2), 20 µm (3, 4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538733/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">8</figureCitation>
|
||
–12). No differentiated uroidal structures were observed. Amoebae during non-oriented movement were elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFACCFAC0FA69651F" box="[1304,1425,1284,1310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Figs 2C 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFA4AFAC0FA55651E" box="[1438,1453,1284,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[125,160,1833,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@14.[135,1460,257,1939]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Vexillifera, including the Microcystis-associated strain (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of locomotive (1–7, 12–13) and floating (8–11) amoebae. Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles are visible in (1–2) and (13). The arrow in (5) points to a temporal, uroid-like structure sometimes visible during locomotion. Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538727/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) or irregularly shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFB90FAE3FB5B6540" box="[1092,1187,1319,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFB7BFAE3FB446540" box="[1199,1212,1319,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[132,167,1694,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-8@5.[180,1401,222,1933]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1.A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Vannella, including Microcystis–associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of V. planctonica (strainsA2FBB: 2, 4, 5, 9–13 andA4P4ZHB:1, 3, 6–8) showing locomotive trophozoites (1–8), a grazing amoeba with a Microcystis cell inside a food vacuole (9), floating forms (10–11) and a cyst stage (12–13). C – LM pictures of V. simplex (strain A17WVB) showing the floating form (14), locomotive amoebae (15–18) with the presence of food vacuoles containing partly digested Microcystis cells (17), posteriorly adhered fecal pellets (15–16), a long flagellum-like pseudopodium encircling a Microcystis cell (17–18) and grazing amoebae on a colony of Microcystis aeruginosa with expanded (arrow) or contracted (arrowhead) flagellum-like pseudopodia visible in some of the trophozoites (19). The presence of a contracticle vacuole, a nucleus or a cyst opening is indicated by a black arrow, a black arrowhead or a white arrow respectively. Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538716/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">1</figureCitation>
|
||
), containing several small, sometimes bifurcated, round-tipped pseudopodia. Feeding amoebae (
|
||
<collectedFrom id="399D2AEDFFA6FF8AFB9FFAAAFB056589" box="[1099,1277,1390,1416]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFBA1FAABFB056589" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[1141,1277,1391,1416]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFBA1FAABFB056589" box="[1141,1277,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
colonies) were spherical to cylindrical without clear pseudopodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFA53FA55FCAB65CE" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA6FF8AFC8AFA71FC9765D1" box="[862,879,1461,1488]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[132,167,1863,1885]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,1336,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-482@12.[132,1457,1336,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. LM pictures of Schoutedamoeba minuta showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (a–f) and the limax-shaped locomotive form (g–i). The presence of a pronounced hyaline cap, small adhesive uroidal filaments and tiny granules in the cytoplasm are indicated with white arrowheads, black arrows and a white arrow respectively. Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538725/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Starved amoebae had a similar cell shape but sometimes contained a very long and thin sub-pseudopodium. Cell length during locomotion was 20–65 µm (mean 37), width 6–32 µm (14) and the length/ width ratio 1.2–6.0 (2.8). One vesicular globular nucleus about 6 µm in diameter was present containing one slightly eccentrically located globular nucleolus of about 3 µm (arrows in
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFE58FE8CFE106163" box="[396,488,328,354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFE24FE8CFDF86163" box="[496,512,328,354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[125,160,1778,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-10@18.[148,1448,222,1933]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Angulamoeba. Sequences new for this study are indicated in bold. ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of Angulamoeba microcystivorans (strains A1WVB (1, 2, 4) and A4WVB (3)) showing the characteristic rusty-colored plasmodium-like mucilage matrix with embedded trophozoites devouring a culture of Microcystis aeruginosa colonies (1–2), multi-vacuolated trophozoites that are seemingly connected by their filopodia (3) and amoeba-flagellates in different stages of transition (4). Scale bars: 200 µm (1), 100 µm (2), 20 µm (3, 4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">8</figureCitation>
|
||
, 10, 12), occasionally showing a highly refractive central pore-like area (lacuna) under phase-contrast illumination (faintly visible in
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFF4EFE74FF0961CA" box="[154,241,432,459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFF23FE75FEFF61CA" box="[247,263,433,459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[125,160,1778,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-10@18.[148,1448,222,1933]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Angulamoeba. Sequences new for this study are indicated in bold. ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of Angulamoeba microcystivorans (strains A1WVB (1, 2, 4) and A4WVB (3)) showing the characteristic rusty-colored plasmodium-like mucilage matrix with embedded trophozoites devouring a culture of Microcystis aeruginosa colonies (1–2), multi-vacuolated trophozoites that are seemingly connected by their filopodia (3) and amoeba-flagellates in different stages of transition (4). Scale bars: 200 µm (1), 100 µm (2), 20 µm (3, 4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Floating forms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFE0CFE74FDC861CA" box="[472,560,432,459]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
13) were of radial
|
||
<typeStatus id="553AD7B2FFA7FF8BFFA9FE10FF4A61EF" box="[125,178,468,494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, spherical, with a diameter of 10–25 µm (15) and displaying 1–20 (9) long, hyaline, pointed pseudopodia with a length of 20–100 µm (52). The entire cell surface was covered with scales, only visible with electron microscopy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFF2CFD9BFE8C627B" box="[248,372,607,634]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[127,162,1135,1157]" captionTargetBox="[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. TEM pictures of the scales on the cell surface of Korotnevella jeppesenii (a, c) and K. pelagolacustris (b, d) trophozoites viewed from top (a, b) and side (c, d). Scale bars: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538720/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Figs 3b, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). In cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFD83FD9BFD57627B" box="[599,687,607,634]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[127,162,1135,1157]" captionTargetBox="[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. TEM pictures of the scales on the cell surface of Korotnevella jeppesenii (a, c) and K. pelagolacustris (b, d) trophozoites viewed from top (a, b) and side (c, d). Scale bars: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538720/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
), these were generally oriented in a roof-tile pattern (imbricated). The scales consisted of an elliptical disk with upwards curved edges and a centrally located cone-like spine giving it a ‘witches hat’ appearance. The length of the scales observed at top view was
|
||
<quantity id="4D79C4F5FFA7FF8BFDF6FCC9FD4D6326" box="[546,693,781,807]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.255" metricValueMax="3.91" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="nm" value="325.5" valueMax="391.0" valueMin="260.0">260–391 nm</quantity>
|
||
(333), the width
|
||
<quantity id="4D79C4F5FFA7FF8BFF26FCF4FE7D634B" box="[242,389,816,843]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.795" metricValueMax="2.06" metricValueMin="1.53" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="nm" value="179.5" valueMax="206.0" valueMin="153.0">153–206 nm</quantity>
|
||
(180) and the length/width ratio 1.5–2.6 (1.9). The spine length measured on scales observed in cross-section was
|
||
<quantity id="4D79C4F5FFA7FF8BFE6BFCB1FDBB6391" box="[447,579,885,912]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3050000000000002" metricValueMax="1.6300000000000001" metricValueMin="0.9800000000000001" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="nm" value="130.5" valueMax="163.0" valueMin="98.0">98–163 nm</quantity>
|
||
(121), the width measured at the base of the spine
|
||
<quantity id="4D79C4F5FFA7FF8BFDC5FC5CFD6E63B2" box="[529,662,920,947]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" metricValueMax="13.1" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="nm" value="96.0" valueMax="131.0" valueMin="61.0">61–131 nm</quantity>
|
||
(91) and the length/width ratio 0.8–2.2 (1.4). Starved amoebae tended to float and aggregate into large, spherical colonies of several tens to hundreds of individuals. A few times, a globular cyst-like body with a diameter of 15– 20 µm was observed in the cultures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFDF9FB82FD7E6460" box="[557,646,1094,1121]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[125,160,1721,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-9@8.[142,1454,223,1930]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Korotnevella, including Microcystis-associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of K. jeppesenii (strain A1JEPDK) showing trophozoites in non-oriented movement (1–5), during locomotion (6, 8) and during grazing on Microcystis aeruginosa cells (7) with the arrow indicating a lacuna-containing nucleolus. C – LM pictures of K. pelagolacustris (strains A8WVB (7, 12), A16WVB (6, 8, 11), A21WVB (1, 13), A54WVB (3–5) and A1LMS (2, 9, 10)) showing trophozoites in different stages of non-oriented movement (1–4, 6), the locomotive form (8–12), grazing amoebae with Microcystis cells inside food vacuoles (5, 10), the cyst stage (7) and the floating form (13).Arrows indicate the nucleus with clearly visible nucleolus (in 8, 10, 12). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538718/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFD59FB83FD666460" box="[653,670,1095,1121]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[124,159,1777,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-9@16.[190,1408,222,1933]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. A – 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of Cochliopodium, including the Microcystis-associated strain (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names. B – LM pictures of locomotive amoebae clearly showing the surrounding hyaline sheet (black arrows) punctuated with microscales (best visible in 8), a few small subpseudopodia (black arrowheads) and trailing adhesive uroidal filaments (white arrows) (1–5), a tropho- zoite during and just after grazing on Microcystis cells showing a prominent fringe of folded hyaloplasm (white arrowheads) (6–9), the bell-shaped form on colonies of Microcystis aeruginosa (10–11) and floating amoebae (12–13). Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">7</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DEFE3998FFA6FF8AFF50F95AFCE86795" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12538716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538716/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" startId="6.[132,167,1694,1716]" targetBox="[180,1401,229,1933]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A3E6910FFA6FF8AFF50F95AFCE86795" blockId="6.[132,1463,1694,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFF50F95AFF2066B2" bold="true" box="[132,216,1694,1716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 1. A</emphasis>
|
||
– 18S rDNA maximum likelihood phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFD79F95BFCF966B5" authority="Bovee, 1965" box="[685,769,1695,1716]" class="Discosea" family="Vannellidae" genus="Vannella" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Vannellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFD79F95BFCF966B5" box="[685,769,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Vannella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFCB8F95BFC2366B5" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[876,987,1695,1716]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFCB8F95BFC2366B5" box="[876,987,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–associated strains (in bold). ML bootstrap values respectively posterior probabilities are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given together with the species names.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFAB8F97FFA8466D1" bold="true" box="[1388,1404,1723,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
– LM pictures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFF3AF913FE8E66ED" authorityName="Van Wichelen & Vanormelingen" authorityYear="2016" box="[238,374,1751,1772]" class="Discosea" family="Vannellidae" genus="Vannella" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Vannellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="planctonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFF3AF913FE8E66ED" box="[238,374,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">V. planctonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(strains A2FBB: 2, 4, 5, 9–13 and A4P4ZHB: 1, 3, 6–8) showing locomotive trophozoites (1–8), a grazing amoeba with a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFF1CF937FECF6709" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[200,311,1779,1800]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFF1CF937FECF6709" box="[200,311,1779,1800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cell inside a food vacuole (9), floating forms (10–11) and a cyst stage (12–13).
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFB9DF936FBA26709" bold="true" box="[1097,1114,1778,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
|
||
– LM pictures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFAC4F937FA8A6709" authorityName="Bovee" authorityYear="1965" box="[1296,1394,1779,1800]" class="Discosea" family="Vannellidae" genus="Vannella" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Vannellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFAC4F937FA8A6709" box="[1296,1394,1779,1800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">V. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(strain A17WVB) showing the floating form (14), locomotive amoebae (15–18) with the presence of food vacuoles containing partly digested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFF50F8EFFF0B6741" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[132,243,1835,1856]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFF50F8EFFF0B6741" box="[132,243,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cells (17), posteriorly adhered fecal pellets (15–16), a long flagellum-like pseudopodium encircling a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFB18F8EFFAC36741" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[1228,1339,1835,1856]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFB18F8EFFAC36741" box="[1228,1339,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cell (17–18) and grazing amoebae on a colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA6FF8AFE3CF883FD31675D" box="[488,713,1863,1884]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA6FF8AFE3CF883FD31675D" box="[488,713,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Microcystis aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with expanded (arrow) or contracted (arrowhead) flagellum-like pseudopodia visible in some of the trophozoites (19). The presence of a contracticle vacuole, a nucleus or a cyst opening is indicated by a black arrow, a black arrowhead or a white arrow respectively. Scale bars: 20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A3E6910FFA7FF8BFF77FBADFA576348" blockId="7.[125,771,223,1609]" lastBlockId="7.[809,1455,224,841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFF77FBADFEC36482" authority="Goodkov, 1988" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" box="[163,315,1129,1155]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFF77FBADFEC36482" box="[163,315,1129,1155]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Korotnevella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a genus of scale-bearing amoebae all characterized by the absence of parasomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE1014E1FFA7FF8BFD54FB48FF1A64C8" author="Smirnov A. V. & Chao E. & Nassonova E. S. & Cavalier-Smith T." pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="545 - 570" refId="ref20142" refString="Smirnov A. V., Chao E., Nassonova E. S., Cavalier-Smith T. (2011) A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: Lobosa). Protist 162: 545 - 570" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Smirnov
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFD3AFB49FF6C64C8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Currently 8
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFE5FFB6BFDDB64C8" authority="Goodkov, 1988" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" box="[395,547,1199,1225]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFE5FFB6BFDDB64C8" box="[395,547,1199,1225]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Korotnevella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are recognized – 4 from freshwater, 3 from marine habitats and 1 from terrestrial origin – that are mainly distinguished on the base of their scale morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE1014E1FFA7FF8BFD8EFADCFF426554" author="O'Kelly C. J. & Peglar M. T. & Black M. N. D. & Sawyer T. K. & Nerad T. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="655 - 662" refId="ref18703" refString="O'Kelly C. J., Peglar M. T., Black M. N. D., Sawyer T. K., Nerad T. A. (2001) Korotnovella hemistylolepis n. sp. and Korotnevella monacantholepis n. sp. (Paramoebidae), two new scale-covered mesohaline amoebae. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 48: 655 - 662" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
O’Kelly
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFD12FADCFD046533" box="[710,764,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE1014E1FFA7FF8BFF12FAFEFE9D6554" author="Udalov I. A." box="[198,357,1338,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="480 - 493" refId="ref20383" refString="Udalov I. A. (2015) Cyst-forming amoebae of the genus Korotnevella Goodkov, 1988 (Amoebozoa: Dactylopodida), with description of two new species. Eur. J. Protistol. 51: 480 - 493" type="journal article" year="2015">Udalov 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFE79FAFEFDBD6555" authority="Goodkov, 1988" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" box="[429,581,1338,1364]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFE79FAFEFDBD6555" box="[429,581,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Korotnevella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species without 18S rDNA sequence data are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFE0FFA9AFDC96576" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1997" box="[475,561,1374,1399]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="nivo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFE0FFA9AFDC96576" box="[475,561,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. nivo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a marine species with crown-like scales (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE1014E1FFA7FF8BFE4EFA44FDBF659A" author="Smirnov A. V." box="[410,583,1408,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="283 - 292" refId="ref19805" refString="Smirnov A. V. (1996 / 97) Two new species of marine amoebae: Hartmannella lobifera n. sp. and Korotnevella nivo n. sp. (Lobosea, Gymnamoebida). Arch. Protistenkd. 147: 283 - 292" type="journal article" year="1996">Smirnov 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/97), 3 freshwater species, being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFE99FA60FE5265BC" box="[333,426,1443,1469]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="bulla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFE99FA60FE5265BC" box="[333,426,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. bulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with basket-like scales (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE1014E1FFA7FF8BFD1CFA67FF4365E1" author="Page F. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="543 - 562" refId="ref18866" refString="Page F. C. (1981) Mayorella Schaeffer, 1926, and Hollandella n. g. (Gymnamoebia), distinguished by surface structure and other characters, with comparisons of three species. Protistologica 17: 543 - 562" type="journal article" year="1981">Page 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFF01FA03FE7965E1" baseAuthorityName="Smirnov" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[213,385,1478,1504]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="diskophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFF01FA03FE7965E1" box="[213,385,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. diskophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with disc-like scales (Smirnov 1999) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFF29FA2EFE836602" box="[253,379,1513,1539]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFF29FA2EFE836602" box="[253,379,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. limbata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having both scale
|
||
<typeStatus id="553AD7B2FFA7FF8BFD88FA2DFD626602" box="[604,666,1513,1539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE1014E1FFA7FF8BFD7FFA2DFF416627" author="Udalov I. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="480 - 493" refId="ref20383" refString="Udalov I. A. (2015) Cyst-forming amoebae of the genus Korotnevella Goodkov, 1988 (Amoebozoa: Dactylopodida), with description of two new species. Eur. J. Protistol. 51: 480 - 493" type="journal article" year="2015">Udalov 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the terrestrial
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFE7CF9C8FD906627" box="[424,616,1548,1574]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="heteracantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFE7CF9C8FD906627" box="[424,616,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. heteracantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also bearing both scale
|
||
<typeStatus id="553AD7B2FFA7FF8BFED5F9EBFEC76648" box="[257,319,1583,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE1014E1FFA7FF8BFE85F9EAFE0C6648" author="Udalov I. A." box="[337,500,1582,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="480 - 493" refId="ref20383" refString="Udalov I. A. (2015) Cyst-forming amoebae of the genus Korotnevella Goodkov, 1988 (Amoebozoa: Dactylopodida), with description of two new species. Eur. J. Protistol. 51: 480 - 493" type="journal article" year="2015">Udalov 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). TEM analysis of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFCFDFF25FC4960FB" ID-CoL="7P8VT" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[809,945,225,250]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFCFDFF25FC4960FB" box="[809,945,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-associated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFBE9FF24FB2D60FB" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1085,1237,224,250]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFBE9FF24FB2D60FB" box="[1085,1237,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Korotnevella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strains from both lineages showed the presence of disc-like scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12BA7595FFA7FF8BFAB5FEC7FA5E611C" box="[1377,1446,259,285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[127,162,1135,1157]" captionTargetBox="[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[127,1452,221,1108]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. TEM pictures of the scales on the cell surface of Korotnevella jeppesenii (a, c) and K. pelagolacustris (b, d) trophozoites viewed from top (a, b) and side (c, d). Scale bars: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12538720/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) very similar to the scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFBA3FEE2FAE6613E" baseAuthorityName="Smirnov" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1143,1310,293,319]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="diskophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFBA3FEE2FAE6613E" box="[1143,1310,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. diskophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Apart from some small differences in scale dimensions and spine length, our strains mainly differed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFAD5FEA8FA506184" baseAuthorityName="Smirnov" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1281,1448,363,389]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="diskophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFAD5FEA8FA506184" box="[1281,1448,363,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. diskophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having a spherical floating form with radially many pointed pseudopodia (irregular with few pseudopodia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFC9FFE10FC0D61EC" baseAuthorityName="Smirnov" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[843,1013,467,493]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="diskophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFC9FFE10FC0D61EC" box="[843,1013,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. diskophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and by their preference for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFA8BFE10FC926211" ID-CoL="7P8VT" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFA8BFE10FC926211" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and thus planktonic occurrence (bacterivore and benthic lifestyle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFBDDFDDEFB576232" baseAuthorityName="Smirnov" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1033,1199,537,563]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="diskophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFBDDFDDEFB576232" box="[1033,1199,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. diskophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Apart from the phylogenetic divergence, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFBBBFDF8FB0F6254" ID-CoL="7P8VT" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[1135,1271,572,597]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFBBBFDF8FB0F6254" box="[1135,1271,572,597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-associated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFA57FDF8FC676279" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFA57FDF8FC676279" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Korotnevella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineages also differ in their morphology since the size of the trophozoites and of the scales and spines is smaller in strains of the first lineage (A4
|
||
<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA7FF8BFACCFD60FA8662BF" box="[1304,1406,676,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">DVDPB</collectionCode>
|
||
and A1
|
||
<collectionCode id="EC90F1D5FFA7FF8BFC9CFD03FC5162E0" box="[840,937,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">JEPDK</collectionCode>
|
||
). Based on the above-mentioned differences between both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFC1FFD2EFBAB6302" ID-CoL="7P8VT" authority="Lemmermann, 1907 " box="[971,1107,746,771]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Microcystaceae" genus="Microcystis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFC1FFD2EFBAB6302" box="[971,1107,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Microcystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-associated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFB0FFD2DFA8B6302" authorityName="Goodkov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1243,1395,745,771]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFB0FFD2DFA8B6302" box="[1243,1395,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Korotnevella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineages and with
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFC1BFCC9FB846327" box="[975,1148,780,806]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFC1BFCC9FB806327" baseAuthorityName="Smirnov" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[975,1144,780,806]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="diskophora">K. diskophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we described both lineages as new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFBD5FCF4FB206348" authorityName="Van Wichelen & Vanormelingen" authorityYear="2016" box="[1025,1240,815,841]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="pelagolacustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFBD5FCF4FB206348" box="[1025,1240,815,841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. pelagolacustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D811293FFA7FF8BFADBFCF4FA506348" authorityName="Van Wichelen & Vanormelingen" authorityYear="2016" box="[1295,1448,816,841]" class="Lobosa" family="Paramoebidae" genus="Korotnevella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="jeppesenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F5B502FFA7FF8BFADBFCF4FA506348" box="[1295,1448,816,841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">K. jeppesenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |