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<mods:title id="BCA266089FEDBF0F6F89DDC184567741">New Acotylea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) from the east coast of the North Atlantic Ocean with special mention of the Iberian littoral</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="155B36B4E238FFBFFF64F9751C94F91A" blockId="9.[151,903,1760,1821]" box="[151,903,1760,1787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
<heading id="4E1381D8E238FFBFFF64F9751C94F91A" bold="true" box="[151,903,1760,1787]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E238FFBFFF64F9751C94F91A" bold="true" box="[151,903,1760,1787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="D2E44D37E238FFBFFF64F9751EBDF91B" ID-CoL="539TS" box="[151,430,1760,1786]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neapolitanus">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E238FFBFFF64F9751EBDF91B" bold="true" box="[151,430,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Stylochus neapolitanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="71754B45E238FFBFFE4EF9741DB1F91A" author="Delle" box="[445,674,1761,1787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Delle Chiaje, S. (1841) Descrizione e notomia degli animali invertebrati della Sicilia citeriore osservati vivi negli anni 1822 - 1830. Stabilimento tipografico di C. Batteli &amp; Comp., Naples, 145 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10031" type="book chapter" year="1841">
Delle Chiaje,
<date id="615A1074E238FFBFFD94F9741DB1F91A" box="[615,674,1761,1787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" value="1841" valueMax="1844">1841</date>
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1844)
<bibRefCitation id="71754B45E238FFBFFD0EF9741C94F91A" author="Lang" box="[765,903,1761,1787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refString="Lang, A. (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte (Zoologische Station in Neapel). Verlag von Wilhem Engelmann, Leipzig, 688 pp." type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155B36B4E238FFBFFF64F8911FE6F8FC" blockId="9.[151,903,1760,1821]" box="[151,245,1796,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
<figureCitation id="8DDF2A31E238FFBFFF64F8911FE6F8FC" box="[151,245,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[258,1321,276,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[202,1385,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841 1844) Lang, 1884. A C, living specimens; D, sagittal reconstruction of a whole specimen; E, sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system (anterior to the right). Abbreviations: b, brain; cg, cement glands: de; ductus ejaculatorius; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ma, male atrium; mp, male pore: op, oral pore; ov, ovaries; pg, prostatic glands; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle: t, tentacles; te, tentacular eyes; u, uterus; ve, vagina externa; vi, vagina interna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233790/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Figure 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DFE653FE238FFBFFF64F8D91E8FF84C" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="155B36B4E238FFBFFF64F8D91E8FF84C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1868,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E238FFBFFF64F8D91E9CF884" bold="true" box="[151,399,1868,1893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Material examined.</emphasis>
Two specimens from &quot;Puerto Deportivo de Ribeira&quot; (
<date id="615A1074E238FFBFFB93F8D91BF5F885" box="[1120,1254,1868,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" value="2012-12-21">21/12/2012</date>
).
<geoCoordinate id="70D05073E238FFBFFAF4F8D91A84F884" box="[1287,1431,1868,1893]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" precision="1" value="42.562935">42°33.776'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="70D05073E238FFBFFF64F8FA1E29F869" box="[151,314,1903,1928]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" precision="1" value="-8.988983">008°59.339'W</geoCoordinate>
. One specimen from &quot;Couso&quot; (
<date id="615A1074E238FFBFFD5FF8FA1C21F869" box="[684,818,1903,1928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" value="2014-05-02">02/05/2014</date>
).
<geoCoordinate id="70D05073E238FFBFFCBAF8E51CCBF869" box="[841,984,1904,1928]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" precision="1" value="42.5208">42º31.248'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="70D05073E238FFBFFC1BF8FA1B7FF869" box="[1000,1132,1903,1928]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" precision="1" value="-9.042833">09º2.570'W</geoCoordinate>
. Both locations in Ría de Arousa, Galicia,
<collectingCountry id="6DF37624E238FFBFFEA6F8011E8BF84C" box="[341,408,1940,1965]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DFE653FE238FFBCFF34F82D1A29FD24" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" type="description">
<paragraph id="155B36B4E238FFBCFF34F82D1B43FE64" blockId="9.[151,1436,1868,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1028]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E238FFBFFF34F82D1E4AF830" bold="true" box="[199,345,1976,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Description.</emphasis>
Fixed worms
<quantity id="D21C9B51E238FFBFFE0DF82D1D6BF831" box="[510,632,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">1012 mm</quantity>
long and
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wide. Body shape elongated with a slightly pointed anterior end and rounded posterior end, with straight margins sometimes with a few undulated waves. Dorsal surface marbled with whitish and dark reddish brown pigmentation, with an orange (or orange and white) pigmented band along the body margins. (
<figureCitation id="8DDF2A31E23BFFBCFD89FF2E1DADFF35" box="[634,702,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[258,1321,276,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[202,1385,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841 1844) Lang, 1884. A C, living specimens; D, sagittal reconstruction of a whole specimen; E, sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system (anterior to the right). Abbreviations: b, brain; cg, cement glands: de; ductus ejaculatorius; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ma, male atrium; mp, male pore: op, oral pore; ov, ovaries; pg, prostatic glands; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle: t, tentacles; te, tentacular eyes; u, uterus; ve, vagina externa; vi, vagina interna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233790/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A, B). Ventral surface smooth and whitish (
<figureCitation id="8DDF2A31E23BFFBCFB40FF2E1BE4FF35" box="[1203,1271,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[258,1321,276,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[202,1385,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841 1844) Lang, 1884. A C, living specimens; D, sagittal reconstruction of a whole specimen; E, sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system (anterior to the right). Abbreviations: b, brain; cg, cement glands: de; ductus ejaculatorius; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ma, male atrium; mp, male pore: op, oral pore; ov, ovaries; pg, prostatic glands; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle: t, tentacles; te, tentacular eyes; u, uterus; ve, vagina externa; vi, vagina interna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233790/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C). With welldeveloped conical nuchal tentacles, characterised by an orange medial band. Tentacular eyes at the base and inside the tentacles (
<figureCitation id="8DDF2A31E23BFFBCFEC9FE971E92FEFA" box="[314,385,258,283]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[258,1321,276,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[202,1385,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841 1844) Lang, 1884. A C, living specimens; D, sagittal reconstruction of a whole specimen; E, sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system (anterior to the right). Abbreviations: b, brain; cg, cement glands: de; ductus ejaculatorius; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ma, male atrium; mp, male pore: op, oral pore; ov, ovaries; pg, prostatic glands; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle: t, tentacles; te, tentacular eyes; u, uterus; ve, vagina externa; vi, vagina interna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233790/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Cerebral eyes between both tentacles. Marginal eyes at the anterior end. Frontal eyes absent. Brain just anterior to the tentacles, apparent and positioned slightly ventral. Oral pore ventral, near the first third of the body; pharynx with deep folds. Male and female genital pores separate, but close to each other, opening at the last third of the body. Ovaries ventral and well developed. Testes not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155B36B4E23BFFBCFF34FE051A8AFDBB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E23BFFBCFF34FE051ED3FE48" bold="true" box="[199,448,400,425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Reproductive system</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DDF2A31E23BFFBCFE3DFE051D02FE48" box="[462,529,400,425]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[258,1321,276,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[202,1385,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841 1844) Lang, 1884. A C, living specimens; D, sagittal reconstruction of a whole specimen; E, sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system (anterior to the right). Abbreviations: b, brain; cg, cement glands: de; ductus ejaculatorius; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ma, male atrium; mp, male pore: op, oral pore; ov, ovaries; pg, prostatic glands; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle: t, tentacles; te, tentacular eyes; u, uterus; ve, vagina externa; vi, vagina interna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233790/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D, E). Located at the posterior end (
<figureCitation id="8DDF2A31E23BFFBCFC52FE051CF0FE48" box="[929,995,400,425]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[258,1321,276,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[202,1385,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841 1844) Lang, 1884. A C, living specimens; D, sagittal reconstruction of a whole specimen; E, sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system (anterior to the right). Abbreviations: b, brain; cg, cement glands: de; ductus ejaculatorius; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ma, male atrium; mp, male pore: op, oral pore; ov, ovaries; pg, prostatic glands; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle: t, tentacles; te, tentacular eyes; u, uterus; ve, vagina externa; vi, vagina interna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233790/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Male copulatory organ consists of a muscular seminal vesicle, a free pear-shaped prostatic vesicle and a small penis papilla.
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E23BFFBCFB5AFE211A48FE2D" box="[1193,1371,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Vasa deferentia</emphasis>
open separately in the latero-proximal region of the elongated seminal vesicle. The ejaculatory duct joins the prostatic vesicle drain duct, and they converge together in the short penis papilla. The free prostatic vesicle is lined with tubular septa, arising from its distal inner wall, that lie parallel to each other. Extravesicular prostatic glands with long necks piercing the proximal region of the prostatic vesicle. Short penis papilla housed in a small male atrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155B36B4E23BFFBCFF34FDF01A29FD24" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">The female system is simple and composed of an ascending vagina externa, where the shell glands open, and a backwards-directed vagina interna that ends with the opening of the oviducts. Male and female pores are separate from each other, but close together, apparently sometimes be housed in a common cavity. Ovaries ventral.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DFE653FE23BFFBCFF34FD5A1B42FCCE" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="155B36B4E23BFFBCFF34FD5A1B42FCCE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E23BFFBCFF34FD5A1E34FD09" bold="true" box="[199,295,719,744]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E44D37E23BFFBCFEDCFD5A1D20FD06" box="[303,563,719,743]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neapolitanus">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E23BFFBCFEDCFD5A1D20FD06" box="[303,563,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Stylochus neapolitanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is typically found on the bottom surface of barges, in crevices of compound ascidians or in empty lamellibranch shells (
<bibRefCitation id="71754B45E23BFFBCFD6EFD661C5BFCEA" author="Laidlaw" box="[669,840,755,780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" refString="Laidlaw, F. F. (1903) Suggestions for a revision of the classification of the polyclad Turbellaria. Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary &amp; Philosophical Society, 48 (4), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1903">Laidlaw, 1903</bibRefCitation>
). In Galicia,
<taxonomicName id="D2E44D37E23BFFBCFC1AFD661B88FCEA" box="[1001,1179,755,779]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neapolitanus">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E23BFFBCFC1AFD661B88FCEA" box="[1001,1179,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">S. neapolitanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was mostly found in shallow water, from 1 to 6 metres deep. Worms, when live, reached
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in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DFE653FE23BFFBCFF34FCAC1E47FBE5" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="155B36B4E23BFFBCFF34FCAC1FFDFC78" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E23BFFBCFF34FCAC1E4AFCB3" bold="true" box="[199,345,825,850]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DDF2A31E23BFFBCFE9CFCAC1EABFCB3" box="[367,440,825,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[221,1357,270,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[157,1429,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Studied Acotylea species distribution. A, Acotylea distribution in Europe; B, Acotylea distribution in the Iberian Peninsula; C, Acotylea distribution in Galicia, Spain; D, Cryptocelis compacta (green dots); E, Hoploplana elisabelloi n. sp. (orange dots); F, Discocelis tigrina (purple dots); G, Armatoplana celta n. sp. (grey dots); H, Stylochus neapolitanus (blue dots)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233786/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, blue dots):
<collectingCountry id="6DF37624E23BFFBCFDAAFCAF1DF2FCB3" box="[601,737,825,850]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Archipelago (
<bibRefCitation id="71754B45E23BFFBCFC7CFCAC1B2FFCB3" author="Laidlaw" box="[911,1084,825,850]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" refString="Laidlaw, F. F. (1903) Suggestions for a revision of the classification of the polyclad Turbellaria. Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary &amp; Philosophical Society, 48 (4), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1903">Laidlaw, 1903</bibRefCitation>
); Naples,
<collectingCountry id="6DF37624E23BFFBCFB49FCAC1BFEFCB3" box="[1210,1261,825,850]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="71754B45E23BFFBCFAF0FCAF1A9CFCB3" author="Lang" box="[1283,1423,826,850]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" refString="Lang, A. (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte (Zoologische Station in Neapel). Verlag von Wilhem Engelmann, Leipzig, 688 pp." type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
); Rufisque,
<collectingCountry id="6DF37624E23BFFBCFEF8FCC81E77FC97" box="[267,356,861,886]" name="Senegal" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Senegal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="71754B45E23BFFBCFE87FCC81D0DFC97" author="Palombi" box="[372,542,861,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" refString="Palombi, A. (1939) Turbellaria Policladea. Memoires du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 15 (2), 95 - 114." type="journal article" year="1939">Palombi, 1939</bibRefCitation>
); Catalonia,
<collectingCountry id="6DF37624E23BFFBCFD5CFCC81DFCFC97" box="[687,751,861,886]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="71754B45E23BFFBCFD0CFCC81C8AFC97" author="Novell" box="[767,921,861,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" refString="Novell, C. (2003) Tesis Doctorales en Red. Generalitat de Cataluna. Contribucio al coneixement dels turbellaris policladides del litoral catala. Available from: http: // hdl. handle. net / 10803 / 781 (accessed 15 September 2015)" type="journal article" year="2003">Novell, 2003</bibRefCitation>
); Mar Menor, Murcia,
<collectingCountry id="6DF37624E23BFFBCFB6DFCC81BCDFC97" box="[1182,1246,861,886]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Spain</collectingCountry>
(Marquina et al, 2014b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155B36B4E23BFFBCFF34FC311E47FBE5" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">
This is the first record of
<taxonomicName id="D2E44D37E23BFFBCFE19FC311DFDFC5D" box="[490,750,932,956]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochidae" genus="Stylochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neapolitanus">
<emphasis id="2790EAA6E23BFFBCFE19FC311DFDFC5D" box="[490,750,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="167">Stylochus neapolitanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the European Atlantic coast, and likely the first accurate record for the Atlantic Ocean, as the species identification by
<bibRefCitation id="71754B45E23BFFBCFCA3FC521CECFC01" author="Palombi" box="[848,1023,967,992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="167" refString="Palombi, A. (1939) Turbellaria Policladea. Memoires du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 15 (2), 95 - 114." type="journal article" year="1939">Palombi (1939)</bibRefCitation>
was based on damaged material and thus, is doubtful.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>