171 lines
19 KiB
XML
171 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="CC18B6EFA962BFE015988160045C76EA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177031" ID-GBIF-Dataset="82b6de8c-7740-4601-9391-c9a3fdcd28e1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177031" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459845728001" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A. & Morris, David C." docDate="2007" docId="03D14C27FFA86D6364A1F88211D6E810" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01495p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1495" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thysanoptera" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFE8345FFFA96D616436FFF71325EB4A" masterDocTitle="A new thrips pest of Myoporum cultivars in California, in a new genus of leaf-galling Australian Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698224803650" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5D4995C8D8DB8537BA43527DBA4F9902">
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<mods:title id="4DDA1158875F427F2596238BF9612DE8">A new thrips pest of Myoporum cultivars in California, in a new genus of leaf-galling Australian Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F63A85E9B194BFC575DB555C2DB1F8B0">Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39135DFD65D4BBD570AF48D1EDBD23FC">Morris, David C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E13144D120CB9F012C1E8D82A50FB557">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="261B7B229932D50F1CC5DE42DA568658">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="91EF7A1506D7915A795022B1E90C8BAB">
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<mods:date id="21BD404FADBD789CF404E13E62920EF1">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AF9B1D2063F20394C7AC354A47EE3FB6" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2821DA2A286F34EFDA7F8E5CBBB245EF">1495</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4B08874AEEAF8BF420EBA3EFDE51F990">35</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="39A0E8A7BEF72313AB8650937A6D9137" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177031</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0BDB34E8CDF3A23CCB393C5E7DC112C6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D14C27FFA86D6364A1F88211D6E810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6247720" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119361413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6247720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14C27FFA86D6364A1F88211D6E810" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D14C27FFA86D6364A1F88211D6E810" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C362AEBAFFA86D6364A1F88217A7EA30" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC7FD31FFA86D6064A1F882115EECC5" blockId="1.[151,1436,1909,2016]" box="[151,635,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D08F4A5DFFA86D6064A1F882115EECC5" bold="true" box="[151,635,1909,1935]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFA86D6064A1F882115EECC5" bold="true" box="[151,635,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFA86D6064A1F8821260ECC5" ID-CoL="622VS" box="[151,325,1909,1935]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFA86D60657AF8821131ECC5" box="[332,532,1909,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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as pests
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC7FD31FFA86D6364F0F86917A7EA30" blockId="1.[151,1436,1909,2016]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,858]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
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The thrips that is damaging
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFA86D606639F86911B5ECFD" box="[527,656,1950,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Myoporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFA86D606639F86911B5ECFD" box="[527,656,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Myoporum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFA86D60674CF8691710ECF2" box="[890,1077,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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, one of the two major families of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFA86D60648FF8311279ECAA" box="[185,348,1990,2016]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
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. In general, pest thrips belong to the second major family, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFA86D606061F83116B2ECAA" authority="(Mound, 2005a)" baseAuthorityName="Mound" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1111,1431,1990,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Thripidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFA86D6060EDF83116AAECAA" author="Mound" box="[1243,1423,1990,2016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" refString="Mound, L. A. (2005 a) Thysanoptera - Diversity and Interactions. Annual Review of Entomology, 50, 247 - 269." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Mound, 2005a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, including all of the known tospovirus vectors (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D6366F5FF6F105DEBF8" author="Mound" box="[707,888,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Mound, L. A. (1996 b) The Thysanoptera vector species of tospoviruses. Acta horticulturae, 431, 298 - 309." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Mound, 1996b</bibRefCitation>
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). In contrast, many species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D6360D2FF6F16B9EBF8" box="[1252,1436,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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are fungus-feeders, on dead twigs, dead leaves and in leaf litter (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D6367BEFF3717BBEB90" author="Morse" box="[904,1182,192,218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Morse, J. G. & Hoddle, M. S. (2006) The invasion biology of thrips. Annual Review of Entomology, 51, 67 - 89." type="journal article" year="2006">Morse & Hoddle, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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), with flower-feeding occurring among a smaller group of species, mostly Holarctic members of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D6360BEFF1F1633EA4B" box="[1160,1302,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D6360BEFF1F1633EA4B" box="[1160,1302,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Haplothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Mound & Minaei, in press). A few phlaeothripids are predatory, but the species of the other major group in this family feed on green leaves, some inducing galls (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D6366A2FECF101CEA18" author="Mound" box="[660,825,312,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Mound, L. A. (1994) Thrips and gall induction: a search for patterns. pp. 131 - 149 in Williams, M. A. J. (ed) Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations. Systematics Association Special Volume, 49, Clarendon Press, Oxford." type="journal volume" year="1994">Mound, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). These leaf-feeding
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D636004FECF17CFEA18" box="[1074,1258,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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are often hostspecific (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D636537FE971297EA30" author="Mound" box="[257,434,352,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Mound, L. A. (2005 a) Thysanoptera - Diversity and Interactions. Annual Review of Entomology, 50, 247 - 269." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Mound, 2005a</bibRefCitation>
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), thus greatly limiting their potential to be general crop pests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C362AEBAFFAB6D6364F0FE7F11D6E810" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC7FD31FFAB6D6364F0FE7F11D6E810" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
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One pest phlaeothripid, the Cuban laurel thrips,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D636735FE7F17ABEAE8" authority="Marchal" authorityName="Marchal" box="[771,1166,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Gynaikothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficorum">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D636735FE7F172BEAEB" box="[771,1038,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Gynaikothrips ficorum</emphasis>
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(Marchal)
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</taxonomicName>
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, is well known around the world inducing leaf-galls on cultivated
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D6366ABFE471055EA83" box="[669,880,432,457]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D6366ABFE471055EA83" box="[669,880,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Ficus microcarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Mound
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D6367D7FE47173BEA83" box="[993,1054,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1996;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D63604DFE47164BEA80" author="Boyd" box="[1147,1390,432,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Boyd, DW & Held, DW. (2006) Androthrips ramachandrai (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): an introduced thrips in the United States. Florida Entomologist, 89, 455 - 458." type="journal article" year="2006">Boyd & Held, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). In south eastern Asia,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D6365B2FE2F12E0EABB" box="[388,453,472,497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D6365B2FE2F12E0EABB" box="[388,453,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Piper</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species, both wild and cultivated, often exhibit leaf-curl damage due to
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D636106FE2F1257E950" authority="Priesner" authorityName="Priesner" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperinus">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D636106FE2F1223E953" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Liothrips piperinus</emphasis>
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Priesner
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</taxonomicName>
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and related species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D63664FFDF7173CE950" author="Ananthakrishnan" box="[633,1049,512,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Ananthakrishnan, T. N. & Raman, A. (1989) Thrips and Gall Dynamics. Brill, Leiden, 120 pp." type="book" year="1989">Ananthakrishnan & Raman, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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). Similarly,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D636087FDF713D2E908" authority="Priesner" authorityName="Priesner" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaneeckei">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D636087FDF716B9E953" box="[1201,1436,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Liothrips vaneeckei</emphasis>
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Priesner
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</taxonomicName>
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is widespread as a
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D6365D7FDDF1102E908" box="[481,551,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Teuchothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
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pest on lily bulbs (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D63673BFDDF172BE908" author="Malipatil" box="[781,1038,552,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Malipatil, M. B., Mound, L. A., Finlay, K. J. & Semeraro, L. (2002) First record of lily thrips, Liothrips vaneeckei Priesner, in Australia (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 41, 159 - 160." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Malipatil
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D6367B5FDDF109AE90B" box="[899,959,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D636061FDDF1621E90B" box="[1111,1284,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D636061FDDF1621E90B" box="[1111,1284,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Liothrips adisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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zur Strassen damages the leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D63659CFDA71152E923" box="[426,631,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Paullinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cupana">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D63659CFDA71152E923" box="[426,631,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Paullinia cupana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the Brazilian tree from which the drink Guarana is produced (zur
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D6364A1FD8F126DE9D8" author="Strassen" box="[151,328,632,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Zur Strassen, R. (1978) A new species of Liothrips from the Amazonas harmful to Guarana plantations (Insecta: Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Acta amazonica, 7, 551 - 554." type="journal article" year="1978">Strassen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<collectingCountry id="F36FBDA1FFAB6D636549FD8F12E0E9D8" box="[383,453,632,658]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, the cruciferous spice plant,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D63672BFD8F10D7E9DB" box="[797,1010,632,657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Wasabia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D63672BFD8F10D7E9DB" box="[797,1010,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Wasabia japonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is damaged by
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D63608EFD8F124FE9F0" authority="Haga & Okajima" authorityName="Haga & Okajima" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasabiae">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D63608EFD8F16B9E9DB" box="[1208,1436,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Liothrips wasabiae</emphasis>
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Haga & Okajima
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the leaves of persimmon (
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D6366D9FD571087E9F3" box="[751,930,672,697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaki">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D6366D9FD571087E9F3" box="[751,930,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Diospyros kaki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are galled by
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D636057FD57110AE9A8" authority="Haga & Okajima (Okajima, 2006)" authorityName="Haga & Okajima (Okajima" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ponticulothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diospyrosi">
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D636057FD5716B9E9F3" box="[1121,1436,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Ponticulothrips diospyrosi</emphasis>
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Haga &
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D6364CAFD3F110AE9A8" box="[252,559,712,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). The Insects of Japan, 2, 1 - 720." type="journal article">Okajima (Okajima, 2006)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. With so few pest species recorded amongst the
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<taxonomicName id="4C7886B2FFAB6D636046FD3F160EE9A8" box="[1136,1323,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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, the societal impact of this widespread family of thrips is limited, despite the large numbers of species and their intrinsically interesting biologies, including sub-sociality (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D63672BFCEF109BE878" author="Crespi" box="[797,958,792,818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Crespi, B. J. (1990) Subsociality and female reproductive success in a mycophagous thrips: an observational and experimental analysis. Journal of Insect Behavior, 3, 61 - 74." type="journal article" year="1990">Crespi, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), eusociality (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D63605DFCEF167DE878" author="Crespi" box="[1131,1368,792,818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Crespi, B. J., Morris, D. C. & Mound, L. A. (2004) Evolution of ecological and behavioural diversity: Australian Acacia thrips as model organisms. Australian Biological Resources Study & Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia, 328 pp." type="book" year="2004">
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Crespi
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<emphasis id="B90C2123FFAB6D6360F3FCEF1620E87B" box="[1221,1285,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and striking structural polymorphisms (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE980C0FFAB6D636605FCB711C3E810" author="Mound" box="[563,742,832,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="44" refString="Mound, L. A. (2005 b) Fighting, flight and fecundity: behavioural determinants of Thysanoptera structural diversity, pp 81 - 105. In Ananthakrishnan, TN & Whitman, D. [eds] Insects and phenotypic plasticity. Science Publishers Inc. Enfield, NH, USA." type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Mound, 2005b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |