477 lines
71 KiB
XML
477 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="4EE21B5FFAA96B0DA92F5067C5F2A474" ID-CLB-Dataset="30598" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f2c29d6-cb44-49ef-95ad-f17e90af4ffe" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1188716" ID-ZooBank="75F1D1A3-385F-40DD-B4E8-91ABD5BD7FFD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520245783667" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shear, William A. & Peck, Stewart B." docDate="2018" docId="03B1CB4BFFA5703A8DEAA006FD4D258E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4388.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4388 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cyrtodesmus baerti Shear & Peck 2018, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="422" masterDocId="FF88B333FFA4703F8D7DA76FFF912252" masterDocTitle="Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp., a cryptic millipede from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Cyrtodesmidae)" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="417" pageNumber="418" updateTime="1698527834556" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E561A552638E922E7A54E4EFBE98F003">Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp., a cryptic millipede from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Cyrtodesmidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F7A006944D622A3E4F3550572199E48E">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1E4BF59A1641C458672CFC04E40F0DB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="422457A000CED3F01205579C98C42C3A">Peck, Stewart B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="88359284B47FEE240D6DC0A46BB2007E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="84F4FF3CAD3E7A12ADEC973D46F1250E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="60A31960C0EF7BA707BE06C1F7273E5C">
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<mods:date id="3D1660A4A99ACAB2824F9736BE7A0DAD">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="23F93CA41A56E2E83075B3DCC1E1657F">2018-03-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C6E58E57F4E923CAD9199FF875320F95">4388</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="36E829B2B726B5A4EC8E3B6886786EAB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B1CB4BFFA5703A8DEAA006FD4D258E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5961729" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141267400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5961729" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1CB4BFFA5703A8DEAA006FD4D258E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B1CB4BFFA5703A8DEAA006FD4D258E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">
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<subSubSection id="C30229D6FFA5703E8DEAA006FE9C25F6" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA5703E8DEAA006FD8E25D1" blockId="1.[151,543,1897,1957]" box="[151,543,1897,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">
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<heading id="D0EFCD31FFA5703E8DEAA006FD8E25D1" bold="true" box="[151,543,1897,1923]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA5703E8DEAA006FD8E25D1" bold="true" box="[151,543,1897,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">
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<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA5703E8DEAA006FE1925D1" bold="true" box="[151,392,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA5703E8DEAA006FE1025D1" authority="Shear & Peck, 2018" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,385,1897,1923]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti" status="sp. nov.">Cyrtodesmus baerti</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F1B34FFA5703E8CF2A006FD8E25D1" box="[399,543,1897,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA5703E8DEAA0E3FE9C25F6" blockId="1.[151,543,1897,1957]" box="[151,269,1932,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">
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<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA5703E8DEAA0E3FE9C25F6" box="[151,269,1932,1957]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2, 3" captionStart-2="FIGURES 4, 5" captionStart-3="FIGURES 6–9" captionStart-4="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,519,1706]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetBox-4="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1435,519,1706]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n.sp. juvenile. Whole animal, enrolled." captionText-1="FIGURES 2, 3. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 1: Head, frontal view; 2: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, m, p, anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite; col, collum; sl, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1; numerals, pedigerous segment numbers;" captionText-2="FIGURES 4, 5. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 4: Eighth segment, posterior view. 5: Ventral teeth of limbus, posterior view;. Abbreviations: pn, paranota; t, teeth of limbus" captionText-3="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." captionText-4="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1188718/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1188722/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">Figs. 1–11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30229D6FFA5703D8DEAA0BAFF2B234E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA5703D8DEAA0BAFF2B234E" blockId="1.[151,1436,2004,2029]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">
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<materialsCitation id="3B707000FFA5703E8DEAA0BAFA0925BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903362" box="[151,1432,2004,2029]" country="Iceland" location="Santa Rosa" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-juvenile="3" stateProvince="Galapagos" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54A3C4FFFFA5703E8DEAA0BAFF4525BE" box="[151,212,2005,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">
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<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA5703E8DEAA0BAFF4525BE" box="[151,212,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">Types</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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: Male
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<typeStatus id="54A3C4FFFFA5703E8C58A0BBFE1B25BF" box="[293,394,2004,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D1EB1D4FFA5703E8CE9A0BBFE6525BF" box="[404,500,2004,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D1EB1D4FFA5703E8F57A0BBFD0825BF" box="[554,665,2004,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" type="juvenile">3 juvenile</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="54A3C4FFFFA5703E8FDDA0BAFC9A25BF" box="[672,779,2005,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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from
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||
<quantity id="4CE0D7B8FFA5703E8E33A0BBFC1625BF" box="[846,903,2004,2029]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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east of
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<location id="8EC72C86FFA5703E8EA0A0BBFBCC25BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1CB4BFFA5703A8DEAA006FD4D258E:8EC72C86FFA5703E8EA0A0BBFBCC25BE" box="[989,1117,2004,2028]" country="Iceland" name="Santa Rosa" pageId="1" pageNumber="418" stateProvince="Galapagos">Santa Rosa</location>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30F3ACDFFA5703E891AA0BBFB1E25BF" box="[1127,1167,2004,2029]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">Isla</collectingCountry>
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Santa Cruz,
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<collectingRegion id="49DCB4BFFFA5703E8862A0BBFA0925BF" box="[1311,1432,2004,2029]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="1" pageNumber="418">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B707000FFA6703D8DEAA7F8FDA122AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903363" collectingDate="1996-04-10" collectingDateMax="1996-05-04" collectingDateMin="1996-04-10" collectorName="S. Peck & Sta. & All & San Francisco" country="Ecuador" location="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F30F3ACDFFA6703D8DEAA7F8FF6722E2" box="[151,246,151,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingMethod id="5259024AFFA6703D8C79A7F8FE1322FD" box="[260,386,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">in pit traps</collectingMethod>
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set along the roadside in an agricultural zone under introduced
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<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA6703D8911A7F8FAA122E2" box="[1132,1328,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odorata">
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<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8911A7F8FAA122E2" box="[1132,1328,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Cedrella odorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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trees,
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<collectingDate id="EFE2A575FFA6703D88FDA7F7FEE42287" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" value="1996-04-10" valueMax="1996-05-04" valueMin="1996-04-10">
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<date id="FFA65C9DFFA6703D88FDA7F7FEE42287" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" value="1996-04-10" valueMax="1996-05-04" valueMin="1996-04-10">10 April–4 May 1996</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName id="26ED1F8BFFA6703D8CF8A7D3FE4F2287" box="[389,478,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">S. Peck</collectorName>
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(
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<collectorName id="26ED1F8BFFA6703D8C8EA7D3FD8E2286" box="[499,543,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Sta.</collectorName>
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12, #96–165).
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<collectorName id="26ED1F8BFFA6703D8FA4A7D3FD6C2287" box="[729,765,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">All</collectorName>
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specimens deposited in the collections of the
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<collectingRegion id="49DCB4BFFFA6703D8856A7D3FA0C2287" box="[1323,1437,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">California</collectingRegion>
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||
Academy of Science,
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<collectorName id="26ED1F8BFFA6703D8CF3A78FFDA122AA" box="[398,560,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">San Francisco</collectorName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B707000FFA6703D8F46A7B0FF2B234E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828903364" country="United States of America" location="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingRegion id="49DCB4BFFFA6703D8F46A7B0FD2122AA" box="[571,688,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">California</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F30F3ACDFFA6703D8FC1A78FFD6922AA" box="[700,760,224,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
. The
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<typeStatus id="54A3C4FFFFA6703D8E48A78FFCF422AA" box="[821,869,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">type</typeStatus>
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material includes SEM stubs WS29-9 and WS29- 10.
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30229D6FFA6703D8DBAA648FCD523DA" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA6703D8DBAA648FCD523DA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8DBAA648FED22312" bold="true" box="[199,323,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
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A small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0D7B8FFA6703D8CC0A647FD93236D" box="[445,514,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
body length) species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA6703D8E5AA648FC282312" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1847" box="[807,953,295,320]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8E5AA648FC282312" box="[807,953,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Cyrtodesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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distinct from other species in having the metatergal tubercles of graded size and densely and randomly distributed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA6703D8E9CA623FBB42336" box="[993,1061,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in the quadripartite solenite and toothed prefemoral process of the gonopod (
|
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<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA6703D8FCBA600FCA623DA" box="[694,823,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
|
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).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30229D6FFA6703D8DBAA6FBFC3A2382" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA6703D8DBAA6FBFC3A2382" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8DBAA6FBFEC023FE" bold="true" box="[199,337,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
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Named to honor the contributions to our knowledge of
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<collectingRegion id="49DCB4BFFFA6703D8EBFA6FBFBA923FF" box="[962,1080,404,429]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
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||
arthropod biodiversity by Léon Baert, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences,
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<collectingRegion id="49DCB4BFFFA6703D8FABA6D8FCA92382" box="[726,824,439,464]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Brussels</collectingRegion>
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F3ACDFFA6703D8E3FA6D8FC362382" box="[834,935,439,464]" name="Belgium" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF672AD5FFA6703D8DEAA1ADFCE7248A" box="[151,886,1730,1752]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188718/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" startId="2.[151,250,1730,1752]" targetBox="[151,1435,519,1706]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA6703D8DEAA1ADFCE7248A" blockId="2.[151,886,1730,1752]" box="[151,886,1730,1752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8DEAA1ADFE822485" bold="true" box="[151,275,1730,1752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA6703D8C64A1ADFE4E248A" authority="Shear & Peck, 2018" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,479,1730,1752]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8C64A1ADFE4E248A" box="[281,479,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Cyrtodesmus baerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F1B34FFA6703D8C91A1ACFD8C248A" box="[492,541,1731,1752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
juvenile. Whole animal, enrolled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30229D6FFA6703B8DBAA06BFC0E25A1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA6703C8DBAA06BFED7239D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1796,2038]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8DBAA06BFE2D254F" bold="true" box="[199,444,1796,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Description of male:</emphasis>
|
||
Body length approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0D7B8FFA6703D8E7EA069FCD9254F" box="[771,840,1798,1821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, metazonite diameter 1.3 mm. Twenty segments (18 podous segments + 1 apodous segment + telson). Color dark blackish brown. Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA6703D8908A046FB2D2513" box="[1141,1212,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURES 2, 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2, 3. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 1: Head, frontal view; 2: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, m, p, anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite; col, collum; sl, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1; numerals, pedigerous segment numbers;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) without sculpture. Antennae sharply geniculate, fifth antennomere the largest (order of length 5>3>4>2>1>6>7>8). Collum (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8842A022FAF82537" bold="true" box="[1343,1385,1869,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">col,</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA6703D8812A022FF3725DB" captionStart="FIGURES 2, 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2, 3. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 1: Head, frontal view; 2: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, m, p, anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite; col, collum; sl, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1; numerals, pedigerous segment numbers;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) with frontal row of eight prominent tubercles, posteriorly with densely set smaller tubercles, lateral edges of collum overlapped by enlarged lateral lobes of first pedigerous segment (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D8EBBA0FAFC4825FF" bold="true" box="[966,985,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">sl</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA6703D8E9AA0FAFBD925FC" box="[999,1096,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 2, 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2, 3. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 1: Head, frontal view; 2: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, m, p, anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite; col, collum; sl, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1; numerals, pedigerous segment numbers;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). First pedigerous segment (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA6703D88FAA0FAFA0425FF" bold="true" box="[1415,1429,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA6703D8DEAA0D6FF492583" box="[151,216,1977,2002]" captionStart="FIGURES 2, 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2, 3. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 1: Head, frontal view; 2: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, m, p, anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite; col, collum; sl, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1; numerals, pedigerous segment numbers;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) ornamented as collum, but with two large, semicircular lateral lobes projecting forward, partially concealing sides of head and antennae; lobes divided into large anterior region and smaller, laterally projecting posterior region, posterior region with distinct notch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8FFBA7F8FD5922E2" box="[646,712,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,519,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,519,1706]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n.sp. juvenile. Whole animal, enrolled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188718/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metazonites of subsequent segments densely tuberculate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8817A7F8FF362286" captionStart="FIGURES 2, 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2, 3. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 1: Head, frontal view; 2: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, m, p, anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite; col, collum; sl, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1; numerals, pedigerous segment numbers;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8DC9A7D3FF552286" box="[180,196,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 4, 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4, 5. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 4: Eighth segment, posterior view. 5: Ventral teeth of limbus, posterior view;. Abbreviations: pn, paranota; t, teeth of limbus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188722/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8DACA7D3FF702286" box="[209,225,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">9</figureCitation>
|
||
), each tubercle with 3–5 setae at apex, tubercles with long, unsocketed cuticular filaments on sides and on cuticle between tubercles. Surfaces of metazonites covered with secretion mixed with dark soil particles. Metazonites with limbus consisting of blunt, squared, well-spaced teeth dorsally, teeth gradually becoming longer and more acute ventrally (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8CC0A647FE572312" bold="true" box="[445,454,296,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">t</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8CA8A648FD882312" box="[469,537,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 4, 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4, 5. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 4: Eighth segment, posterior view. 5: Ventral teeth of limbus, posterior view;. Abbreviations: pn, paranota; t, teeth of limbus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188722/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prozonites with three zones of sculpture (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C897DA647FBC02312" bold="true" box="[1024,1105,296,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">a, m, p</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C891DA648FB352312" box="[1120,1188,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 2, 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2, 3. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 1: Head, frontal view; 2: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, m, p, anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite; col, collum; sl, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1; numerals, pedigerous segment numbers;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
; see notes below), the posteriormost zone smooth. Paranota strongly deflexed, vertical, without lobes but each with pronounced posterior notch near base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8C26A61FFEEB23DA" bold="true" box="[347,378,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">pn</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8CF4A600FE5E23DA" box="[393,463,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 4, 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4, 5. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 4: Eighth segment, posterior view. 5: Ventral teeth of limbus, posterior view;. Abbreviations: pn, paranota; t, teeth of limbus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188722/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ozopores not detected. Terminal segment not concealed, bearing on its ventral side four spinnerets (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8C2EA6FBFEFC23FE" bold="true" box="[339,365,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">sp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8C00A6FBFE5323FE" box="[381,450,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) in roughly square arrangement on three-lobed prominence; each spinneret in its own rounded recess.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF672AD5FFA7703C8DEAA359FCAC26D8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" startId="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" targetBox="[151,1436,517,1057]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA7703C8DEAA359FCAC26D8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1078,1162]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8DEAA359FEA9261E" bold="true" box="[151,312,1078,1101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">FIGURES 2, 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA7703C8C43A358FD95261F" authority="Shear & Peck, 2018" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[318,516,1079,1101]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8C43A358FD95261F" box="[318,516,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Cyrtodesmus baerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F1B34FFA7703C8F6CA358FDD8261F" box="[529,585,1079,1101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8F6CA358FDD2261E" bold="true" box="[529,579,1079,1100]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
male holotype (CAS).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8E4FA358FCAE261E" bold="true" box="[818,831,1079,1100]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">1</emphasis>
|
||
: Head, frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8969A358FBB1261E" bold="true" box="[1044,1056,1079,1100]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">2</emphasis>
|
||
: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8C52A33AFDB42639" bold="true" box="[303,549,1109,1131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Abbreviations: a, m, p,</emphasis>
|
||
anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C89F8A339FB352639" bold="true" box="[1157,1188,1110,1131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">col</emphasis>
|
||
, collum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8879A339FA842639" bold="true" box="[1284,1301,1110,1131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">sl</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8CE1A31AFD9026D8" bold="true" box="[412,513,1141,1162]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">numerals</emphasis>
|
||
, pedigerous segment numbers;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF672AD5FFA7703C8DEAA043FC8F2530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188722/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" startId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" targetBox="[150,1437,1212,1816]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA7703C8DEAA043FC8F2530" blockId="3.[151,1436,1836,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8DEAA043FEA82510" bold="true" box="[151,313,1836,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">FIGURES 4, 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA7703C8C42A042FD972511" authority="Shear & Peck, 2018" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[319,518,1837,1859]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8C42A042FD972511" box="[319,518,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Cyrtodesmus baerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F1B34FFA7703C8F6FA042FDDA2511" box="[530,587,1837,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8F6FA042FDD52510" bold="true" box="[530,580,1837,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
male holotype (CAS).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8E48A042FCD02510" bold="true" box="[821,833,1837,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">4</emphasis>
|
||
: Eighth segment, posterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C89E8A042FB302510" bold="true" box="[1173,1185,1837,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">5</emphasis>
|
||
: Ventral teeth of limbus, posterior view;.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8C41A023FD972533" bold="true" box="[316,518,1868,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Abbreviations: pn,</emphasis>
|
||
paranota;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8F0CA023FDEE2533" bold="true" box="[625,639,1868,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">t,</emphasis>
|
||
teeth of limbus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA7703B8DBAA0E1FA85234F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1934,2031]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">
|
||
Gonopod (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8C3CA0E1FE5D25F5" box="[321,460,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Figs. 10, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) typical of genus, coxa with flattened lateral lobe (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C895EA0E0FBD425F5" bold="true" box="[1059,1093,1935,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">cxl</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C892BA0E1FB3825F5" box="[1110,1193,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) partially concealing telopodite in lateral view. Prefemoral region (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8FE6A0DDFD252599" bold="true" box="[667,692,1970,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">pf</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8FBEA0DDFC832599" box="[707,786,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly concave, setose; prefemoral process (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA7703C8850A0DDFAC42599" bold="true" box="[1325,1365,1970,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">pfp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA7703C8818A0DDFF4D25BD" captionStart="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Figs. 10, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) long, slightly curved, apically with six recurved teeth and small filamentous process, basally with complex, fimbriate branch. Solenite (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8CA5A7F7FE6922E2" bold="true" box="[472,504,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">sol</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA0703B8F76A7F8FDF122E2" box="[523,608,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) basally surrounded by prefemoral process, four-branched, one branch fimbriate, second short, curved-conical, smooth. Third branch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8E03A7D3FC092286" bold="true" box="[894,920,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">sb</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA0703B8ED1A7D3FC6E2286" box="[940,1023,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) longest, strongly curved, carrying seminal groove, with few small teeth along length, these becoming more numerous near tip, expanding into short, branched fimbriae. Fourth branch stout, long, tapering, set with many minute teeth, apically expanded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA0703B8DBAA648FD482312" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,573]" box="[199,729,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Female similar to male in all nonsexual details.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA0703B8DBAA623FF6B206F" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8DBAA623FE822336" bold="true" box="[199,275,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA0703B8C67A623FE662337" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[282,503,332,357]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8C67A623FE662337" box="[282,503,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Cyrtodesmus baerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in the details of its gonopods from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA0703B896AA623FB382337" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1847" box="[1047,1193,332,357]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B896AA623FB382337" box="[1047,1193,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Cyrtodesmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, so far as can be determined.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA0703B8C3EA600FE7823DA" box="[323,489,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" refId="ref3778" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1964) The millipeds of Panama (Diplopoda). Fieldiana: Zoology, 47, 1 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3182" type="journal article">Loomis (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated the gonopods of the species he described from a variety of angles, making the details hard to match up. However, the toothed prefemoral process (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8EC6A6FCFC7223FE" bold="true" box="[955,995,403,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">pfp</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA0703B8E8CA6FBFBD123FE" box="[1009,1088,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 10, 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1027,1050]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1437,195,1006]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 10, 11. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 10: Right gonopod, mesal view.11: Solenite of right gonopod; Abbreviations:; cxl, coxal lobe; pf, prefemur; pfp, prefemoral process; sb, seminiferous branch; sol, solenite—other labels as for Fig. 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188726/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) in combination with the long, sinuous seminiferous process (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8C90A6D7FD962382" bold="true" box="[493,519,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">sp</emphasis>
|
||
, Fig. 12) arising from the solenite are distinct from all species for which males are known.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA0703B8D8FA6B3FD0123A7" authority="Loomis, 1964" authorityName="Loomis" authorityYear="1964" box="[242,656,476,501]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8D8FA6B3FE7B23A7" box="[242,490,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Cyrtodesmus dentatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA0703B8C8EA6B3FD0123A7" box="[499,656,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" refId="ref3778" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1964) The millipeds of Panama (Diplopoda). Fieldiana: Zoology, 47, 1 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3182" type="journal article">Loomis, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has small teeth on the prefemoral process but in a different position, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA0703B8DA3A56FFE67204A" authority="Loomis, 1964" authorityName="Loomis" authorityYear="1964" box="[222,502,511,536]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8DA3A56FFEDF204A" box="[222,334,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">C. lyripes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA0703B8C25A690FE67204A" box="[344,502,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" refId="ref3778" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1964) The millipeds of Panama (Diplopoda). Fieldiana: Zoology, 47, 1 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3182" type="journal article">Loomis, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have additional solenite processes, but this is difficult to ascertain from the drawing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF672AD5FFA0703B8DEAA054FB1525DD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" startId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" targetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA0703B8DEAA054FB1525DD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1851,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8DEAA054FEAA2502" bold="true" box="[151,315,1851,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">FIGURES 6–9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA0703B8C3FA054FD982503" authority="Shear & Peck, 2018" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[322,521,1851,1873]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8C3FA054FD982503" box="[322,521,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Cyrtodesmus baerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F1B34FFA0703B8F6AA053FDC12503" box="[535,592,1852,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8F6AA053FDDA2503" bold="true" box="[535,587,1852,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
male holotype (CAS)
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8E44A054FCD72502" bold="true" box="[825,838,1851,1872]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">6</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B89BEA053FB5E2503" bold="true" box="[1219,1231,1852,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">7</emphasis>
|
||
: Spinnerets, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8DAAA035FF75253D" bold="true" box="[215,228,1882,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">8</emphasis>
|
||
: Metazonital sculpture;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8CA3A035FE7A253D" bold="true" box="[478,491,1882,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">9</emphasis>
|
||
: Metazonital setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8FC6A035FCC52522" bold="true" box="[699,852,1882,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8E1EA035FCE1253D" bold="true" box="[867,880,1882,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">g</emphasis>
|
||
, droplets of secreted glue;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B89F4A035FB04253D" bold="true" box="[1161,1173,1882,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B89E1A035FB26253D" bold="true" box="[1180,1207,1882,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">m,</emphasis>
|
||
anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8CDAA016FE4125DC" bold="true" box="[423,464,1913,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">met</emphasis>
|
||
, metazonite;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8F24A016FDE825DC" bold="true" box="[601,633,1913,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Mt</emphasis>
|
||
, major tubercle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8E5BA016FCD225DC" bold="true" box="[806,835,1913,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">mt</emphasis>
|
||
, minor tubercle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA0703B8E8FA016FB9B25DC" bold="true" box="[1010,1034,1913,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">sp</emphasis>
|
||
, spinnerets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA0703B8DBAA0D9FC0E25A1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1974,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Volvation, or the ability to roll up, is a defensive mechanism that has been developed independently in several evolutionary lines in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA0703B8CD0A0B5FDAF25A1" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[429,574,2010,2035]" class="Diplopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Polydesmida</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA0703B8F31A0B5FC9525A0" box="[588,772,2010,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" refId="ref3547" refString="Golovatch, S. I. (2003) A review of the volvatory Polydesmida, with special reference to the patterns of volvation (Diplopoda). African Invertebrates, 44, 39 - 60." type="journal article">Golovatch 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA0703B8E6DA0B5FC0525A1" box="[784,916,2010,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" refId="ref3984" refString="Shear, W. A. (2015) The chemical defenses of millipedes (Diplopoda): Biochemistry, physiology and ecology. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 61, 78 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. bse. 2015.04.033" type="journal article">Shear 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30229D6FFA1703A8DBAA7F7FF41272A" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA1703A8DBAA7F7FCE520D7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A8D97A7F8FEED22E2" ID-CoL="7NV9J" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1847" box="[234,380,151,176]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8D97A7F8FEED22E2" box="[234,380,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Cyrtodesmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8CEDA7F8FE4422E2" box="[400,469,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,519,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,519,1706]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n.sp. juvenile. Whole animal, enrolled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), the collum is reduced and the first pedigerous segment is greatly enlarged. The terminal segment or epiproct is cup-shaped and can be pressed tightly against the prozonite of the second pedigerous segment. The vertically oriented paranota (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8E7EA78FFCB322AA" bold="true" box="[771,802,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">pn</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8E4FA7B0FCE722AA" box="[818,886,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 4, 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4, 5. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 4: Eighth segment, posterior view. 5: Ventral teeth of limbus, posterior view;. Abbreviations: pn, paranota; t, teeth of limbus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188722/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) are deeply notched at their bases, and the front edge of each paranotum tucks neatly under the rear edge of the preceding one, locked in place by securely inserting into the basal notch. The hypertrophied first segment bears large, semicircular lobes on either side which serve, along with the paranota, to protect the head, antennae and short legs. This lobe is divided by cuticular sculpture into two parts, an anterior section which tucks under the paranota of succeeding segments, and a posterior lateral portion probably homologous to the paranota, judging from the notch at the base and the overlap with the next posterior segment. The final result is a flattened spheroid or bulky, rounded disk. It seems that volvation and acquired camouflage using soil particles are the only defenses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A8E10A6B2FC4023A7" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[877,977,476,501]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8E10A6B2FC4023A7" box="[877,977,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">C. baerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since ozopores cannot be detected, even under scanning electron microscopy.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA1703A8F37A690FD64204A" box="[586,757,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" refId="ref3778" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1964) The millipeds of Panama (Diplopoda). Fieldiana: Zoology, 47, 1 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3182" type="journal article">Loomis (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that the “…conspicuousness of the pores and pore tubercles are subject to great variation and constitute specific characters….(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA1703A8E8DA54BFB47206E" box="[1008,1238,548,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" refId="ref3778" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1964) The millipeds of Panama (Diplopoda). Fieldiana: Zoology, 47, 1 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3182" type="journal article">Loomis 1964, p. 34</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).” In some of the species he subsequently describes, pores are not mentioned, are scarcely detectable, or, as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3C4FFFFA1703A8992A527FA8E2032" box="[1263,1311,584,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A88FFA527FE3120D6" ID-CoL="33M5F" authority="Gervais, 1847" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1847" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A88FFA527FF6D20D7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">C. velutinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA1703A8C7EA503FE3120D6" box="[259,416,620,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" refId="ref3477" refString="Gervais, P. (1847) Myriapodes. Walckenaer & Gervais, Histoire naturelle des Insectes Apteres, 4, 1 - 333" type="journal article">Gervais, 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on tubercles opening at a translucent tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA1703A8DBAA5FFFF41272A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
Many animals of the leaf litter and soil have special adaptations of the cuticle that collect and cause particles of soil to adhere. In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A8CA5A5DBFDFB209F" ID-CoL="7NV9J" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1847" box="[472,618,692,717]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8CA5A5DBFDFB209F" box="[472,618,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Cyrtodesmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, it would appear that the main mechanism is through a secretion, which makes it difficult to clean the particles off, even under sonication. The surface of the metazonite cuticle of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A8C70A593FE0E2147" ID-CoL="7NV9J" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1847" box="[269,415,764,789]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8C70A593FE0E2147" box="[269,415,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Cyrtodesmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is tuberculate and strongly setose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8E57A593FCE32146" box="[810,882,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 4, 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4, 5. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 4: Eighth segment, posterior view. 5: Ventral teeth of limbus, posterior view;. Abbreviations: pn, paranota; t, teeth of limbus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188722/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8E02A593FC3A2146" box="[895,939,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">8, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8EA3A592FBD82147" box="[990,1097,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A8EA3A592FBD42147" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[990,1093,764,789]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti">C. baerti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
unlike many species in which the tubercles are clearly of two different size classes, the tubercles are graded in size and densely and randomly distributed, although the largest of them (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8F08A42BFD08210E" bold="true" box="[629,665,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Mt</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8FD4A42BFD7C210E" box="[681,749,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) may appear to form three rough transverse rows when the metazonites are viewed laterally. In other
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8F15A408FC9021D2" box="[616,769,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A8F15A408FD6C21D2" ID-CoL="7NV9J" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1847" box="[616,765,871,896]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtodesmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the major tubercles are more regularly arranged and tend to form what appear to be longitudinal crests running down the length of the animal. When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA1703A8903A4E3FAB421F7" box="[1150,1317,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" refId="ref3778" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1964) The millipeds of Panama (Diplopoda). Fieldiana: Zoology, 47, 1 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3182" type="journal article">Loomis (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated the tubercles, he showed them with just a single seta each, but the tubercles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A8959A4DFFB18219A" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[1060,1161,943,968]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8959A4DFFB18219A" box="[1060,1161,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">C. baerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have three to five setae springing from the apex of each tubercle. Where the tubercles have been broken or damaged by handling, it can be seen that their walls are relatively thin and that they have a cavity inside. We hypothesize that the tubercles contain glands that produce a sticky secretion, which emerges from the sockets around the bases of the setae, just as does the “silk” from polydesmidan epiproct spinnerets (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA1703A8FABA350FB7D260A" box="[726,1260,1087,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" refId="ref3933" refString="Shear, W. A. (2008) Spinnerets in the milliped order Polydesmida, and the phylogenetic significance of spinnerets in millipeds (Diplopoda). International Journal of Myriapodology, 2, 123 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187525408 X 395904" type="journal article">
|
||
Shear 2008; this can also be seen in our
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A89DAA350FB7D260A" box="[1191,1260,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The secretion then “climbs” the setae and collects in blobs distally (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8F92A30BFD6C262E" bold="true" box="[751,765,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">g</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8E76A30BFCDE262E" box="[779,847,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), just as has been shown for several chordeumatidan millipedes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA1703A8C66A3E8FE3326F2" box="[283,418,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" refId="ref3984" refString="Shear, W. A. (2015) The chemical defenses of millipedes (Diplopoda): Biochemistry, physiology and ecology. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 61, 78 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. bse. 2015.04.033" type="journal article">Shear 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the tubercles, SEM reveals that the intervening cuticle is densely set with fine, unsocketed cuticular spines which probably help to catch and hold particles. The posterior margins of the metazonites show a limbus which consists of regularly spaced, flat teeth. Dorsally these teeth are truncate, almost square, but ventrally they are much larger and acute (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8F83A39BFC96275E" bold="true" box="[766,775,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">t</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8E65A39BFCCC275F" box="[792,861,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 4, 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1437,1212,1816]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4, 5. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 4: Eighth segment, posterior view. 5: Ventral teeth of limbus, posterior view;. Abbreviations: pn, paranota; t, teeth of limbus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188722/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The function of the limbus is obscure; it may in some way facilitate the telescoping of prozonites into the next anterior metazonite, or perhaps prevent foreign matter from getting stuck between the segments. As with most volvating polydesmidans, the cuticle is thick and hard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30229D6FFA1703A8DBAA2EBFD4D258E" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA1703A8DBAA2EBFE3E24CA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
The prozonites are unusual in having three zones of sculpture, anterior, median and posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8843A2EBFA0A27CE" bold="true" box="[1342,1435,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">a, m, p</emphasis>
|
||
respectively,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8C53A2C8FEE42792" box="[302,373,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 2, 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1078,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2, 3. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS). 1: Head, frontal view; 2: Collum and pedigerous segments 1– 5, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, m, p, anterior, medial and posterior sculpture zones of prozonite; col, collum; sl, lateral lobes of pedigerous segment 1; numerals, pedigerous segment numbers;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188720/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior portion (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8FF7A2C7FD092792" bold="true" box="[650,664,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8FD4A2C8FD7E2792" box="[681,751,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) has closely spaced, small, acute tubercles with prominent ridges; from a directly dorsal view these resemble a swarm of amoebae. The tubercles grow larger and more elongate posteriorly, ending in a row which resembles a second limbus. In the median zone (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A89B4A29FFB71245A" bold="true" box="[1225,1248,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">m</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A898DA280FAA7245A" box="[1264,1334,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar tubercles are smaller and more closely spaced, while some of them appear grouped together to form multitubercle mounds that are open at the tip. The median zone ends in an irregular margin behind which the posterior zone consists of perfectly smooth cuticle, with a shallow groove separating it from the distinctive sculpture of the metazonite (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A8C5FA1EFFEDE24CA" bold="true" box="[290,335,1664,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">met</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8C20A110FE3024CA" box="[349,417,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA1703A8DBAA1CBFB4224B2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
The spinnerets of cyrtodesmids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132366D8FFA1703A8F4BA1CBFDEB24EE" box="[566,634,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,617,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,615,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Cyrtodesmus baerti, n. sp. male holotype (CAS) 6: Dorsum of segment 7, dorsal view; 7: Spinnerets, ventral view; 8: Metazonital sculpture; 9: Metazonital setae. Abbreviations: g, droplets of secreted glue; a.m, anterior and posterior prozonite sculpture zones; met, metazonite; Mt, major tubercle; mt, minor tubercle; sp, spinnerets." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1188724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) have not been illustrated previously. The trilobed process which bears them is not seen in other polydesmidans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA1703A8F1AA1A8FD7824B2" box="[615,745,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" refId="ref3933" refString="Shear, W. A. (2008) Spinnerets in the milliped order Polydesmida, and the phylogenetic significance of spinnerets in millipeds (Diplopoda). International Journal of Myriapodology, 2, 123 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187525408 X 395904" type="journal article">Shear 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and may be diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A895CA1A8FB5F24B2" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1896" box="[1057,1230,1735,1760]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cyrtodesmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA77A5DFFA1703A8DBAA183FD4D258E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
Interpretations of the gonopods by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8907ACFFA1703A8F24A183FC932557" box="[601,770,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" refId="ref3778" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1964) The millipeds of Panama (Diplopoda). Fieldiana: Zoology, 47, 1 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3182" type="journal article">Loomis (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
require supplementation. Loomis referred to the fimbriate branch of the prefemoral process as “seminiferous” but this is not the case. The solenite is a separate branch of the telopodite which evidently does not appear in several of Loomis’ gonopod drawings, probably made at relatively low magnification with a dissecting microscope, and at different angles. Loomis may well have missed the complex processes of the solenite due to these insufficient optics; future work on cyrtodesmids should involve scanning electron microscopy to properly resolve the details. A key point, at least for
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CA64FFFA1703A891FA0CEFB5D25EB" box="[1122,1228,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1801DEFFA1703A891FA0CEFB5825EB" authorityName="Shear & Peck" authorityYear="2018" box="[1122,1225,1952,1977]" class="Diplopoda" family="Cyrtodesmidae" genus="Cyrtodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti">C. baerti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is that the base of the solenite is enveloped by the prefemoral process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |