treatments-xml/data/03/B1/CA/03B1CA1BFFE27C3AFF18CBB5FB654A26.xml
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<document id="AFE8A690DA30A862D31BB76BF673B51A" ID-CLB-Dataset="270509" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5351.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3b05d51-3aeb-49c7-bbc1-0365bc92c886" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8391375" ID-ZooBank="F34F6B3C-F251-4D8E-B002-A96BD70CA1BE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1695989238032" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mclean, James H. &amp; Clark, Roger N." docDate="2023" docId="03B1CA1BFFE27C3AFF18CBB5FB654A26" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5351.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5351 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Volutopsius gracilis Mclean &amp; Clark 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="58A8BD6B-DF20-4AF2-BCB9-5296AA4DEF48" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="FF88B263FFC77C1CFF8FCE48FFFD4E7F" masterDocTitle="Seven new genera and thirty-four new species of buccinoid gastropods (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="201" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1699692826509" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2F0178830E2AE71F17F6334F204F330E">Seven new genera and thirty-four new species of buccinoid gastropods (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18AB6F19CA1DC794E0C9CD5DD1363658">Mclean, James H.</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE27C39FF18CBB5FE784867" bold="true" box="[151,389,1533,1560]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Volutopsius gracilis</emphasis>
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E of
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2,
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B707150FFE27C39FBE2C8B2FC0F4947" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4418762479" collectionCode="RNC" collectorName="Pt" elevation="71" latitude="56.692665" location="Kodiak Island" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-152.916" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" specimenCode="RNC 5031" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectorName id="26ED1EDBFFE27C39FBE2C8B2FB79496B" box="[1133,1156,1786,1812]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Pt</collectorName>
3,
<specimenCode id="DBBED376FFE27C39FB26C8B2FAD8496A" box="[1193,1317,1786,1813]" collectionCode="RNC" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">RNC 5031</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE27C39FABEC8B2FA64496B" box="[1329,1433,1786,1813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="86.5">86.5 mm</quantity>
.
<locationDeviation id="9A15622FFFE27C39FF18C956FE844947" box="[151,377,1822,1848]" location="Trinity Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">W of Trinity Islands</locationDeviation>
SW of
<location id="8EC72DD6FFE27C39FE40C956FD914947" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1CA1BFFE27C3AFF18CBB5FB654A26:8EC72DD6FFE27C39FE40C956FD914947" box="[463,620,1822,1848]" latitude="56.692665" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-152.916" name="Kodiak Island" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Alaska">Kodiak Island</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE27C39FDF4C956FCFC4947" box="[635,769,1822,1849]" degrees="56" direction="north" minutes="41.56" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="56.692665">56°41.56 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE27C39FC83C956FC584947" box="[780,933,1822,1849]" degrees="152" direction="west" minutes="54.96" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-152.916">152°54.96 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE27C39FC36C956FC0F4947" box="[953,1010,1822,1848]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation id="00359C3EFFE27C39FC36C956FC0F4947" box="[953,1010,1822,1848]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
(94-200901-183).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA77B0DFFE27C39FF48C909FEA349DB" blockId="37.[151,1437,1677,2029]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE27C39FF48C909FE5A4924" bold="true" box="[199,423,1857,1883]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Referred material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B707150FFE27C39FE21C90AFEC349FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4418762575" collectionCode="RNC" elevation="146" latitude="54.35317" location="Unimak Pass" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-165.59183" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" specimenCode="RNC 4505" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBBED376FFE27C39FE21C90AFDD74922" box="[430,554,1858,1885]" collectionCode="RNC" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">RNC 4505</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE27C39FDBAC90AFD614923" box="[565,668,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.02" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="90.2">90.2 mm</quantity>
.
<location id="8EC72DD6FFE27C39FD29C90AFCC14923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1CA1BFFE27C3AFF18CBB5FB654A26:8EC72DD6FFE27C39FD29C90AFCC14923" box="[678,828,1858,1884]" latitude="54.35317" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-165.59183" name="Unimak Pass" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Unimak Pass</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A15622FFFE27C39FCC8C90AFBF44923" box="[839,1033,1858,1884]" location="Akun Island" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">N of Akun Island</locationDeviation>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE27C39FB97C90AFB634923" box="[1048,1182,1858,1885]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="21.19" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="54.35317">54°21.19 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE27C39FB26C90AFABF4923" box="[1193,1346,1858,1885]" degrees="165" direction="west" minutes="35.51" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-165.59183">165°35.51 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE27C39FADAC90AFA614923" box="[1365,1436,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="146.0">
<elevation id="00359C3EFFE27C39FADAC90AFA614923" box="[1365,1436,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="146.0">146 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(94-199401-9)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B707150FFE27C39FEC5C92EFA6149FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4418762322" box="[330,1436,1894,1921]" collectionCode="RNC" elevation="71" latitude="56.692665" location="Kodiak Island" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-152.916" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED09E3C8FFE27C39FEC5C92EFE7949FF" box="[330,388,1894,1920]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">RNC</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE27C39FE04C92EFDCF49FF" box="[395,562,1894,1921]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.858108" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="4858108.0">4858, 108 mm</quantity>
.
<locationDeviation id="9A15622FFFE27C39FDB3C92EFCE249FF" box="[572,799,1894,1920]" location="Trinity Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">W of Trinity Islands</locationDeviation>
SW of
<location id="8EC72DD6FFE27C39FCF9C92EFBE949FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1CA1BFFE27C3AFF18CBB5FB654A26:8EC72DD6FFE27C39FCF9C92EFBE949FF" box="[886,1044,1894,1920]" latitude="56.692665" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-152.916" name="Kodiak Island" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Kodiak Island</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE27C39FBABC92EFB5749FF" box="[1060,1194,1894,1921]" degrees="56" direction="north" minutes="41.56" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="56.692665">56°41.56 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE27C39FB39C92EFAB249FF" box="[1206,1359,1894,1921]" degrees="152" direction="west" minutes="54.96" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="-152.916">152°54.96 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE27C39FAECC92EFA6149FF" box="[1379,1436,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation id="00359C3EFFE27C39FAECC92EFA6149FF" box="[1379,1436,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
(94-200901-183).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3022886FFE27C3AFF48C9E5FAF44F3E" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA77B0DFFE27C3AFF48C9E5FDD34E86" blockId="37.[151,1437,1677,2029]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,150,1113]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE27C39FF48C9E5FEA649B8" bold="true" box="[199,347,1965,1991]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Description:</emphasis>
Shell large for genus (to
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE27C39FDF0C9E6FD1C49B7" box="[639,737,1966,1992]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="142.0">142 mm</quantity>
; LACM 84106.5), elongated; whorls sub-angulate; cream to light brown, with very thin tan periostracum. Protoconch smooth, with 1.5 whorls; teleconch with 3.5 whorls; axial sculpture variable, smooth or irregularly wrinkled; spiral sculpture usually lacking, but may have 58 faint spiral cords at mid-whorl. Aperture slightly more than half of shell height; canal short, narrow. Operculum less than half of aperture height, nucleus terminal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA77B0DFFE17C3AFF48CF4BFAF44F3E" blockId="38.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Radula: Typical for genus, lateral teeth with two large, curved cusps; rachidian tooth with seven cusps, outer cusps much larger than, inner ones, five inner cusps small, slender, of unequal length, equally spaced.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3022886FFE17C3AFF48CF03FB2E4DB6" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA77B0DFFE17C3AFF48CF03FCD84DFE" blockId="38.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF48CF03FEC04F1A" bold="true" box="[199,317,331,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8906FCFFE17C3AFEC9CF03FE154F1A" author="Kantor, Y. I." box="[326,488,331,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refId="ref32661" refString="Kantor, Y. I. (1990) Gastropods of the subfamily Volutopsiinae of the World Ocean. Nauka, Moscow, 180 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Kantor (1990)</bibRefCitation>
reviewed the
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFD04CF03FCD54F1A" authorityName="Habe &amp; Sato" authorityYear="1973" box="[651,808,331,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="201" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Volutopsiinae">Volutopsiinae</taxonomicName>
, and concluded that
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFB9ACF03FA614F1A" authority="Dall, 1919" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1919" box="[1045,1436,331,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stefanssoni">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFB9ACF03FAE64F1A" box="[1045,1307,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Volutopsius stefanssoni</emphasis>
Dall, 1919
</taxonomicName>
(figs HJ) (along with what appears to be
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFDFBCF27FD1B4FF6" authorityName="Mclean &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2023" box="[628,742,367,393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFDFBCF27FD1B4FF6" box="[628,742,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFC76CF27FA614FF6" authority="(Morch, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1017,1436,366,393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFC76CF27FB0D4FF7" box="[1017,1264,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Volutopsius castaneus</emphasis>
(Mörch, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
(figs. 19 FG), however
<bibRefCitation id="EF8906FCFFE17C3AFE4ECFDBFD914FD2" author="Kessler, D. W." box="[449,620,402,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" refId="ref32876" refString="Kessler, D. W. (1985) Alaska's saltwater fishes and other sea life. Alaska Northwest Publishing Company, Anchorage, 358 pp." type="book" year="1985">Kessler (1985)</bibRefCitation>
had previously demonstrated that the two were distinct. Kantor also considered
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFE97CFFFFD8E4FAE" authority="Dall, 1907" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1907" box="[280,627,439,465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFE97CFFFFE0B4FAE" box="[280,502,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Volutopsius simplex</emphasis>
Dall, 1907
</taxonomicName>
(fig 19 J) to be a variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFC22CFFFFBCB4FAF" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[941,1078,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFC22CFFFFBCB4FAF" box="[941,1078,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but morphologically it appears to be a smooth, round-shouldered form of
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFDF3CF93FCE84F8A" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1919" box="[636,789,475,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stefanssoni">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFDF3CF93FCE84F8A" box="[636,789,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. stefanssoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFCAACF93FBF84F8A" authorityName="Mclean &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2023" box="[805,1029,475,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFCAACF93FBF84F8A" box="[805,1029,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Volutopsius gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFB58CF93FA9F4F8B" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1239,1378,475,500]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFB58CF93FA9F4F8B" box="[1239,1378,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it has long been confused, but from which it differs in 1) larger size 140+ mm compared with
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE17C3AFA9ACFB7FA894C66" box="[1301,1396,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFF18CC6BFEDF4C43" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,290,547,572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF18CC6BFEDF4C43" box="[151,290,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) shell proportions, slender profile, aperture a little over ½ of shell height, compared with compact profile, aperture about 2/33/4 of shell height in
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFD39CC0FFCC24C1F" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[694,831,583,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFD39CC0FFCC24C1F" box="[694,831,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3) Rachidian tooth with seven cusps, opposed to five in
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFF3BCC23FEC04CFB" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[180,317,619,644]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF3BCC23FEC04CFB" box="[180,317,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 4) Geographic distribution,
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFD06CC23FD064CFA" authorityName="Mclean &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2023" box="[649,763,618,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFD06CC23FD064CFA" box="[649,763,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
V.
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFD2ACC22FD064CFA" bold="true" box="[677,763,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">gracilis</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the vicinity of the
<collectingRegion id="49DCB5EFFFE17C3AFBFECC23FB424CFA" box="[1137,1215,619,645]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alaska</collectingRegion>
Peninsula, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFF18CCC7FEDC4CD7" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,289,655,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF18CCC7FEDC4CD7" box="[151,289,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a much broader range, from Adak Island (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE17C3AFCA4CCC7FC804CD6" box="[811,893,655,681]" degrees="177" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" precision="55555" value="-177.0">177°W</geoCoordinate>
) east to the Kenai Peninsula (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE17C3AFB43CCC7FADC4CD6" box="[1228,1313,655,681]" degrees="148" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" precision="55555" value="-148.0">148°W</geoCoordinate>
). Although the
<typeStatus id="54A3C5AFFFE17C3AFF30CCFBFF124CB2" box="[191,239,691,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFE9DCCFBFE664CB3" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[274,411,691,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFE9DCCFBFE664CB3" box="[274,411,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was said to have come from Sitka,
<collectingRegion id="49DCB5EFFFE17C3AFC90CCFBFC8D4CB2" box="[799,880,691,717]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alaska</collectingRegion>
, no specimens have been verified from the eastern Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="49DCB5EFFFE17C3AFF61CC9FFEC14C8E" box="[238,316,727,753]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alaska</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8906FCFFE17C3AFEC5CC9FFE294C8E" author="Clark, R. N." box="[330,468,727,753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" pagination="217 - 222" refId="ref32347" refString="Clark, R. N. (2018) Notes on two Alaskan Volutpsiinae (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) with corrected type localities. The Festivus, 50 (4), 217 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.54173 / F 504217" type="journal article" year="2018">Clark, 2018</bibRefCitation>
). It more likely came from the vicinity Kodiak Island, or perhaps Unalaska Island. The range of
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFF73CCB3FE7B4D6B" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[252,390,763,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF73CCB3FE7B4D6B" box="[252,390,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to extend around the Bering Sea shelf to
<collectingRegion id="49DCB5EFFFE17C3AFC36CCB3FBC14D6A" box="[953,1084,763,789]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
. 5) Bathymetric distribution,
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFA07CCB3FEF84D47" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFA07CCB3FEF84D47" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a shallow, in shore species, commonly found at
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE17C3AFCCFCD56FC6A4D46" box="[832,919,798,825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="18.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="1.0">135 m</quantity>
, and rarely below
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE17C3AFBE8CD56FB5F4D46" box="[1127,1186,798,825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFA9ECD57FA7E4D46" authorityName="Mclean &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2023" box="[1297,1411,798,825]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFA9ECD57FA7E4D46" box="[1297,1411,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
V.
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFAA2CD56FA7E4D46" bold="true" box="[1325,1411,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">gracilis</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an off-shore species, found below
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE17C3AFD91CD0BFDA64D22" box="[542,603,835,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
, and 6) Shell color
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFCB4CD0BFC534D22" authorityName="Mclean &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2023" box="[827,942,835,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFCB4CD0BFC534D22" box="[827,942,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always cream to light brown, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFA07CD0BFEF84DFF" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFA07CD0BFEF84DFF" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">V. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be orange-brown dark brown, tan or white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA77B0DFFE17C3AFF48CDC3FB2E4DB6" blockId="38.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFF48CDC3FE584DDA" authorityName="Mclean &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,421,907,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF48CDC3FE584DDA" box="[199,421,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Volutopsius gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms a complex with similar (often axially sculptured) species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8906FCFFE17C3AFBF2CDC3FAF54DDA" author="Clark, R. N." box="[1149,1288,907,933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" pagination="217 - 222" refId="ref32347" refString="Clark, R. N. (2018) Notes on two Alaskan Volutpsiinae (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) with corrected type localities. The Festivus, 50 (4), 217 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.54173 / F 504217" type="journal article" year="2018">Clark, 2018</bibRefCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFA94CDC3FE4F4DB6" authority="(Morch, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Morch" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFA94CDC3FEF84DB7" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Volutopsius castaneus</emphasis>
(Mörch, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFE31CDE7FCBE4DB6" authority="Dall, 1919" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1919" box="[446,835,943,969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stefanssoni">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFE31CDE7FD3F4DB6" box="[446,706,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Volutopsius stefanssoni</emphasis>
Dall, 1919
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C18008EFFE17C3AFCC1CDE7FB334DB6" authority="Dall, 1902" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1902" box="[846,1230,943,969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Volutopsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trophonius">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFCC1CDE7FBB34DB6" box="[846,1102,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Volutopsius trophonius</emphasis>
Dall, 1902
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3022886FFE17C3AFF48CD9BFCEB4D92" box="[199,790,979,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA77B0DFFE17C3AFF48CD9BFCEB4D92" blockId="38.[151,1437,150,1113]" box="[199,790,979,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF48CD9BFEAF4D92" bold="true" box="[199,338,979,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name is from the Latin, for slender.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3022886FFE17C3AFF48CDBEFB654A26" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA77B0DFFE17C3AFF48CDBEFCF24A4A" blockId="38.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF48CDBEFE9E4A6F" bold="true" box="[199,355,1014,1040]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49DCB5EFFFE17C3AFEE8CDBFFE484A6E" box="[359,437,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alaska</collectingRegion>
Peninsula, vicinity of Unimak Pass (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE17C3AFCC2CDBEFC5C4A6E" box="[845,929,1014,1041]" degrees="165" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" precision="55555" value="-165.0">165°W</geoCoordinate>
), from north of Unimak Island, south and east to south of Kodiak Island (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C1DCAFFE17C3AFE4CCA52FDEA4A4A" box="[451,535,1050,1077]" degrees="152" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" precision="55555" value="-152.0">152°W</geoCoordinate>
), at depths
<quantity id="4CE0D6E8FFE17C3AFD19CA53FCF74A4A" box="[662,778,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.085" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="0.71" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="108.5" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="71.0">
71
<specimenCount id="9D1EB084FFE17C3AFD4ECA53FCF74A4A" box="[705,778,1051,1077]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="generic">146 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA77B0DFFE17C3AFF48CA76FB654A26" blockId="38.[151,1437,150,1113]" box="[199,1176,1086,1113]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B96CA71FFFE17C3AFF48CA76FED14A27" bold="true" box="[199,300,1086,1112]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Habitat:</emphasis>
Mud, muddy-sand and gravel bottoms, at bottom temperatures of 4.6°6.3°C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>