treatments-xml/data/03/B1/87/03B187FB4C5FA97BB553FD29C506FDF1.xml
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<document id="3DAEC3F35485A59DCDC6A8D37DB79EE9" ID-CLB-Dataset="50803" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="076b5447-7740-4af0-aef5-e34d9724424f" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172335" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459754983393" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Triapitsyn, Serguei V." docDate="2006" docId="03B187FB4C5FA97BB553FD29C506FDF1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01203p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1203" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FF88FF834C48A961B45BFFFDC753FF87" masterDocTitle="A key to the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Nearctic region, with description of two new species of Gonatocerus" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698217419921" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E0D185A3533411232B305197D19EC056">A key to the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Nearctic region, with description of two new species of Gonatocerus</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B553FD29C598FD69" ID-CoL="6KPF8" authority="Girault, 1915" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1915" box="[264,715,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B553FD29C598FD69" bold="true" box="[264,715,724,750]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B553FD29C54DFD69" bold="true" box="[264,542,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gonatocerus ashmeadi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5FA976B67EFD29C598FD69" author="Girault" box="[549,715,724,750]" pageId="23" pageNumber="35" refString="Girault, A. A. (1915 [1916]) Notes on North American Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae (Hym.). Entomological News, 27 (1), 4 - 8." type="journal article" year="1915">Girault, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="13232A684C5FA976B54BFD0AC6C5FC96" box="[272,406,759,785]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 21 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="24.[264,383,1249,1273]" captionStartId-1="25.[264,367,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox-0="[517,1070,710,1224]" captionTargetBox-1="[517,1070,1296,1645]" captionTargetId-0="figure@24.[517,1070,708,1239]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[517,1070,1296,1647]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="FIGURES 21 24. Gonatocerus ashmeadi (female). 21. Pedicel and basal funicle segments. 22. Mesosomal sternum. 23. Propodeum. 24. Forewing." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Gonatocerus ashmeadi (female). Photo by Jack Kelly Clark, University of California." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/172344/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/172345/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 2125</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B553FCC2C571FCD1" ID-CoL="6KPHH" box="[264,546,831,854]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolichocerus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B553FCC2C571FCD1" box="[264,546,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gonatocerus dolichocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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var.
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: 8
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0811C34C5FA976B553FCA2C5F1FBF2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B553FCA2C507FCF2" ID-CoL="6KPF8" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[264,596,862,886]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B553FCA2C6ADFCF1" box="[264,510,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gonatocerus ashmeadi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB910FC4C5FA976B65FFCA3C507FCF2" author="Girault" box="[516,596,862,885]" page="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5FA976B65FFCA3C507FCF2" author="Girault" box="[516,596,862,885]" pageId="23" pageNumber="35" refString="Girault, A. A. (1929) North American Hymenoptera Mymaridae. Privately printed, Brisbane, 29 pp." type="book" year="1929">Girault</bibRefCitation>
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: Girault 1929: 25;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB910FC4C5FA976B741FCA3C493FCF2" author="Huber" box="[794,960,862,885]" page="53" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5FA976B741FCA3C4CFFCF2" author="Huber" box="[794,924,862,885]" pageId="23" pageNumber="35" refString="Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1988">Huber 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 53
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55 (subsequent references,
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designation, redescription, diagnosis, distribution, host associations);
<treatmentCitation id="0AB910FC4C5FA976B00EFC83C69DFC32" author="Triapitsyn" page="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5FA976B00EFC83C6F1FC32" author="Triapitsyn" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Phillips, P. A. (1996) Egg parasitoid of glassy-winged sharpshooter. Citrograph, 81 (9), 10." type="journal article" year="1996">Triapitsyn and Phillips 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 10
</treatmentCitation>
; Triapitsyn
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B60CFC62C5C1FC31" box="[599,658,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
1998: 241242 (distribution, host associations);
<treatmentCitation id="0AB910FC4C5FA976B0ECFC63C5D6FC52" author="Triapitsyn" page="38" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5FA976B0ECFC63C508FC52" author="Triapitsyn" pageId="23" pageNumber="37" refString="Triapitsyn, S. V., Bezark, L. G. &amp; Morgan, D. J. W. (2002) Redescription of Gonatocerus atriclavus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on other egg parasitoids of sharpshooters (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in northeastern Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 78 (1), 34 - 42." type="journal article" year="2002">Triapitsyn, Bezark and Morgan 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 38
</treatmentCitation>
39 (distribution, host associations);
<treatmentCitation id="0AB910FC4C5FA976B07DFC43C60CFC72" author="Vickerman" page="338" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5FA976B07DFC43C27BFC52" author="Vickerman" box="[1062,1320,958,982]" pageId="23" pageNumber="38" refString="Vickerman, D. B., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. &amp; Stouthamer, R. (2004) Species identity of geographically distinct populations of the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi: morphology, DNA sequences, and reproductive compatibility. Biological Control, 31 (3), 338 - 345." type="journal article" year="2004">
Vickerman
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B0FCFC42C3B1FC51" box="[1191,1250,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 338
</treatmentCitation>
344 (biological, morphological, and molecular distinction between populations; distribution); de
<treatmentCitation id="0AB910FC4C5FA976B5C7FC03C507FB92" author="Leon" box="[412,596,1022,1045]" page="314" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5FA976B5C7FC03C572FB92" author="Leon" box="[412,545,1022,1045]" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" refString="de Leon, J. H. (2004 a) Genetic differentiation among geographic populations of Gonatocerus ashmeadi, a primary egg parasitoid of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, pp. 314 - 317. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 7 - 10, 2004, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. A. Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe, A. Ba, T. Lorick &amp; T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 391 p. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / ResearchSymposium / gw 2004 symp. htm." type="book chapter" year="2004" yearSuffix="a">León 2004a</bibRefCitation>
: 314
</treatmentCitation>
317 (molecular distinction between populations);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5FA976B025FC03C688FBB2" author="Hoddle" pageId="23" pageNumber="35" refString="Hoddle, M. S. &amp; Triapitsyn, S. V. (2004 b) Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of Glassywinged Sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA, pp. 342 - 344. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium, December 7 - 10, 2004, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California, organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. A. Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe, A. Ba, T. Lorick &amp; T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 391 p. Available online at http: // www. cdfa. ca. gov / phpps / pdcp / ResearchSymposium / gw 2004 symp. htm." type="book chapter" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">Hoddle and Triapitsyn 2004b</bibRefCitation>
: 342
</treatmentCitation>
343 (distribution, host associations); de León and Jones 2005: 17 (molecular distinction between populations); Triapitsyn
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B7C8FBC2C499FBD1" box="[915,970,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 6062 (illustrations, comparison with
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B598FBA2C6ACFBF1" box="[451,511,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. u a t</emphasis>
S. Triapitsyn).
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<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B553FB5AC6CDFB47" box="[264,414,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="54A3884F4C5FA976B553FB5AC66CFB47" box="[264,319,1191,1216]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
locality
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An unspecified locality in Texas,
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5FA976B69AFB32C453FB6E" box="[705,768,1231,1257]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B553FAE2C6B5FABF" box="[264,486,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5FA979B563FABAC42AFD19" blockId="23.[264,1325,1311,1897]" lastBlockId="24.[264,1323,284,670]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
EASTER
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(
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5FA976B668FABAC5C3FAE6" box="[563,656,1351,1377]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">CHILE</collectingCountry>
). Rano­Kau,
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B76FFABAC4F4FAE6" box="[820,935,1351,1377]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2006-03-01">1.iii.2006</date>
, M. Beeche C. (ex. eggs of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B155FABAC62EFA0F" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B155FABAC62EFA0F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) [
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,
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,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5FA976B6DFFA92C588FA0E" box="[644,731,1391,1417]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5FA976B040FA92C309FA0E" box="[1051,1114,1391,1417]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
, HAWAII). Oahu Island, Keehi Lagoon,
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B643FA6AC5C1FA36" box="[536,658,1431,1457]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2004-12-03">3.xii.2004</date>
, R. Bautista (ex. eggs of
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<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B79BFA6AC309FA37" box="[960,1114,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. coagulata</emphasis>
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on African tulip) [
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,
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,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5FA976B642FA42C535FA5E" box="[537,614,1471,1497]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rzcb-tdp2" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">CNCI</collectionCode>
].
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5FA976B6D9FA42C5A9FA5E" box="[642,762,1471,1497]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
. TAMAULIPAS, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas campus,
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(emerged
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1.iv.
<quantity id="4CE09B084C5FA976B774FA1AC422F986" box="[815,881,1511,1537]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0927" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="2005.0">2005</quantity>
</date>
in UCR quarantine), S.V. Triapitsyn (ex. egg mass of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B65FF9F2C5F1F9AF" box="[516,674,1551,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B65FF9F2C5F1F9AF" box="[516,674,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Oncometopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on hibiscus leaf) [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B7BEF9F2C308F9AE" box="[997,1115,1551,1577]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5FA976B028F9F2C399F9AE" box="[1139,1226,1551,1577]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UCRC</collectionCode>
].
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5FA976B0B3F9F2C274F9AE" box="[1256,1319,1551,1577]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
. CALIFORNIA: Riverside Co., Riverside, UCR campus,
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B795F9CAC305F9D6" box="[974,1110,1591,1617]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1996-07-23">23.vii.1996</date>
, M. Grebus (ex.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B553F9A2C6F7F9FF" box="[264,420,1631,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B553F9A2C6F7F9FF" box="[264,420,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Homalodisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. eggs) [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B671F9A2C5F1F9FE" box="[554,674,1631,1657]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B6EBF9A2C45CF9FE" box="[688,783,1631,1657]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5FA976B746F9A2C427F9FE" box="[797,884,1631,1657]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. Ventura Co., Fillmore:
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B0C5F9A2C275F9FE" box="[1182,1318,1631,1657]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2000-07-12">12.vii.2000</date>
, R. Fenton (ex.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B595F97AC53CF927" box="[462,623,1671,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B595F97AC53CF927" box="[462,623,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs on lemon leaves) [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B7EAF97AC36FF926" box="[945,1084,1671,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">11 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B00BF97AC3E7F926" box="[1104,1204,1671,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5FA976B093F97AC24DF926" box="[1224,1310,1671,1697]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UCRC</collectionCode>
];
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B553F952C6CAF94E" box="[264,409,1711,1737]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2000-08-23">23.viii.2000</date>
, R. Fenton (ex.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B63DF952C457F94F" box="[614,772,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B63DF952C457F94F" box="[614,772,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs on lemon) [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B7BFF952C302F94E" box="[996,1105,1711,1737]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B039F952C3EBF94E" box="[1122,1208,1711,1737]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5FA976B092F952C24CF94E" box="[1225,1311,1711,1737]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UCRC</collectionCode>
];
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B553F92AC6CAF976" box="[264,409,1751,1777]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2000-08-23">23.viii.2000</date>
, R. Fenton (ex.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B607F92AC5A4F977" box="[604,759,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B607F92AC5A4F977" box="[604,759,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs on Valencia orange) [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B01AF92AC3EAF976" box="[1089,1209,1751,1777]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5FA976B09CF92AC274F976" box="[1223,1319,1751,1777]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5FA976B553F902C60CF89E" box="[264,351,1791,1817]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. FLORIDA: Jefferson Co., Monticello,
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B713F902C483F89E" box="[840,976,1791,1817]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2000-07-25">25.vii.2000</date>
, S.V. Triapitsyn (emerged in UCR quarantine
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B58CF8DAC520F8C6" box="[471,627,1831,1857]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2000-08-02" valueMax="2000-08-04" valueMin="2000-08-02">24.viii.2000</date>
from an egg mass of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5FA976B7D1F8DAC374F8C7" box="[906,1063,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5FA976B7D1F8DAC374F8C7" box="[906,1063,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; adult glassy­winged sharpshooters sleeved on crape myrtle
<date id="FFA6102D4C5FA976B68FF8B2C409F8EE" box="[724,858,1871,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2000-07-18">18.vii.2000</date>
by R. López, then sleeve removed and host eggs exposed
<date id="FFA6102D4C50A979B5A5FEE1C5D7FEB1" box="[510,644,284,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2000-07-21">21.vii.2000</date>
) [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C50A979B6FEFEE1C470FEB1" box="[677,803,284,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C50A979B76CFEE1C4DDFEB1" box="[823,910,284,310]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">UCRC</collectionCode>
].
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C50A979B7F3FEE1C362FEB1" box="[936,1073,284,310]" name="Georgia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">GEORGIA</collectingCountry>
: Houston Co., near Centerville,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C502A4C50A979B5C2FEB9C516FED9" box="[409,581,324,350]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="32.63425">32°3803.3N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C502A4C50A979B609FEB9C450FED9" box="[594,771,324,350]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="-83.718445">83°4306.4W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE09B084C50A979B754FEB9C40FFED9" box="[783,860,324,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="131.0">131 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA6102D4C50A979B733FEB9C4B6FED9" box="[872,997,324,350]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-06-21">21.vi.2004</date>
(emerged
<date id="FFA6102D4C50A979B038FEB9C25FFED9" box="[1123,1292,324,350]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-06-22" valueMax="2004-06-30" valueMin="2004-06-22">
2230.vi.
<quantity id="4CE09B084C50A979B095FEB9C25FFED9" box="[1230,1292,324,350]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.090159999999999" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="2004.0">2004</quantity>
</date>
in UCR quarantine), S.V. Triapitsyn, T. Cottrell (ex. proconiine sharpshooter egg masses on grasses) [numerous females and males,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C50A979B6B0FE69C411FE29" box="[747,834,404,430]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. Peach Co., Byron,
<date id="FFA6102D4C50A979B065FE69C3B9FE29" box="[1086,1258,404,430]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-06-21" valueMax="2004-06-22" valueMin="2004-06-21">2122.vi.2004</date>
, S.V. Triapitsyn (emerged
<date id="FFA6102D4C50A979B5A1FE41C5EFFE51" box="[506,700,444,470]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-06-24" valueMax="2004-07-06" valueMin="2004-06-24">24.vi6.vii.2004</date>
at UCR quarantine from eggs of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C50A979B065FE41C385FE52" box="[1086,1238,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B065FE41C385FE52" box="[1086,1238,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C50A979B155FE41C60FFE7A" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B155FE41C60FFE7A" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. orbona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on leaves of crape myrtle, magnolia, etc.) [numerous females and males,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C50A979B093FE19C24CFE79" box="[1224,1311,484,510]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">UCRC</collectionCode>
].
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C50A979B553FDF1C638FDA1" box="[264,363,524,550]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NORTH</collectionCode>
CAROLINA, Carteret Co., Morehead City,
<date id="FFA6102D4C50A979B7D6FDF1C31AFDA1" box="[909,1097,524,550]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2000-08-20" valueMax="2000-08-27" valueMin="2000-08-20">2027.viii.2000</date>
, M. Wuenschel [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C50A979B140FDF1C635FDC9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C50A979B526FDC9C687FDC9" box="[381,468,564,590]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">UCRC</collectionCode>
].
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C50A979B5ABFDC9C501FDC9" box="[496,594,564,590]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SOUTH</collectionCode>
CAROLINA, Charleston Co., Charleston,
<date id="FFA6102D4C50A979B0DAFDC9C278FDC9" box="[1153,1323,564,590]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-06-22" valueMax="2004-06-23" valueMin="2004-06-22">2223.vi.2004</date>
(emerged
<date id="FFA6102D4C50A979B5DBFDA1C579FDF1" box="[384,554,604,630]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-06-25" valueMax="2004-06-29" valueMin="2004-06-25">
2529.vi.
<quantity id="4CE09B084C50A979B5B0FDA1C579FDF1" box="[491,554,604,630]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.090159999999999" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="2004.0">2004</quantity>
</date>
in UCR quarantine), S.V. Triapitsyn (ex.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C50A979B07CFDA1C390FDF2" box="[1063,1219,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B07CFDA1C390FDF2" box="[1063,1219,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs on crape myrtle) [numerous females and males,
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C50A979B743FD79C43CFD19" box="[792,879,644,670]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">UCRC</collectionCode>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6766654C50A979B553FB1CC460FAA7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172344/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[517,1070,710,1224]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C50A979B553FB1CC460FAA7" blockId="24.[264,1323,1249,1312]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B553FB1CC681FB7E" bold="true" box="[264,466,1249,1273]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURES 2124.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C50A979B587FB1FC585FB7E" box="[476,726,1250,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B587FB1FC585FB7E" box="[476,726,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gonatocerus ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female). 21. Pedicel and basal funicle segments. 22. Mesosomal sternum. 23. Propodeum. 24. Forewing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C50A978B553FAAAC694FD1B" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C50A979B553FAAAC62CFAF7" blockId="24.[264,1323,1367,1870]" box="[264,383,1367,1392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B553FAAAC62CFAF7" box="[264,383,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C50A978B563FA82C694FD1B" blockId="24.[264,1323,1367,1870]" lastBlockId="25.[264,1325,284,668]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
The main distinguishing features of this species are as follows (mostly after
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C50A979B084FA82C614FA47" author="Huber" pageId="24" pageNumber="35" refString="Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1988">Huber 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Body length (female) 12801760. Head and mesosoma generally dark brown, legs and gaster mostly yellow with brown bands on gastral terga; gaster may be almost completely dark brown in some males. Longitudinal sensilla present on F2F8 of the female antenna; F1 without sensilla (
<figureCitation id="13232A684C50A979B69EF9E0C44CF9B0" box="[709,799,1565,1591]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 24" captionStartId="24.[264,383,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,710,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[517,1070,708,1239]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21 24. Gonatocerus ashmeadi (female). 21. Pedicel and basal funicle segments. 22. Mesosomal sternum. 23. Propodeum. 24. Forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172344/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Mesosomal sternum with a distinct, welldefined yellow streak between each fore and middle coxae (
<figureCitation id="13232A684C50A979B79AF9B8C34BF9D8" box="[961,1048,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 24" captionStartId="24.[264,383,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,710,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[517,1070,708,1239]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21 24. Gonatocerus ashmeadi (female). 21. Pedicel and basal funicle segments. 22. Mesosomal sternum. 23. Propodeum. 24. Forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172344/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Submedial carinae on the propodeum thick, distinct, reaching the dorsellum (
<figureCitation id="13232A684C50A979B7DEF990C48FF900" box="[901,988,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 24" captionStartId="24.[264,383,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,710,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[517,1070,708,1239]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21 24. Gonatocerus ashmeadi (female). 21. Pedicel and basal funicle segments. 22. Mesosomal sternum. 23. Propodeum. 24. Forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172344/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Forewing (
<figureCitation id="13232A684C50A979B02BF990C396F900" box="[1136,1221,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 24" captionStartId="24.[264,383,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,710,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[517,1070,708,1239]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 21 24. Gonatocerus ashmeadi (female). 21. Pedicel and basal funicle segments. 22. Mesosomal sternum. 23. Propodeum. 24. Forewing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172344/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
) hyaline or at most with a faint uniform brown tinge; cubital row of microtrichia on forewing blade complete, extending to base of marginal vein. Habitus of the female is shown in
<figureCitation id="13232A684C50A979B095F941C274F951" box="[1230,1319,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="25.[264,367,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,1296,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[517,1070,1296,1647]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 25. Gonatocerus ashmeadi (female). Photo by Jack Kelly Clark, University of California." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172345/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C50A979B553F919C549F97A" box="[264,538,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B553F919C549F97A" box="[264,538,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gonatocerus ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C50A979B73EF919C61CF8A1" authority="S. Triapitsyn (Triapitsyn et al. 2006)" authorityName="S. Triapitsyn (Triapitsyn et al." authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uat">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B73EF919C4FDF97A" box="[869,942,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. uat</emphasis>
S. Triapitsyn (Triapitsyn
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B0B7F919C278F97A" box="[1260,1323,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2006)
</taxonomicName>
, from which it can be distinguished using the characters indicated in the key. Among the unrelated North American species of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C50A979B6A4F8C9C4C5F8CA" box="[767,918,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B6A4F8C9C4C5F8CA" box="[767,918,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gonatocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C50A979B7F3F8C9C36FF8CA" box="[936,1084,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C50A979B7F3F8C9C36FF8CA" box="[936,1084,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be quite easily confused with another common and superficially very similarly looking (especially the coloration) species,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B5A8FEB9C477FED9" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[499,804,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolichocerus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B5A8FEB9C5F8FEDA" box="[499,683,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. dolichocerus</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
, which belongs to the
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B071FEB9C3E5FEDA" box="[1066,1206,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">bucculentus</emphasis>
subgroup of the
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B53AFE91C6C3FE02" box="[353,400,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ater</emphasis>
species group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C51A978B607FE96C5A7FE02" author="Huber" box="[604,756,363,389]" pageId="25" pageNumber="35" refString="Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1988">Huber 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Besides the subspecies­group distinguishing features indicated in Hubers (1988) key to the North American species of the
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B0C4FE6EC39DFE2B" box="[1183,1230,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ater</emphasis>
species group of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B524FE46C545FE53" box="[383,534,443,468]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B524FE46C545FE53" box="[383,534,443,468]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gonatocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, females of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B6E3FE46C427FE53" box="[696,884,443,468]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolichocerus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B6E3FE46C427FE53" box="[696,884,443,468]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. dolichocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B149FE46C62BFE7B" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B149FE46C62BFE7B" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a relatively shorter F
<date id="FFA6102D4C51A978B6C4FE1FC592FE7B" box="[671,705,482,508]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1. I</date>
myself accidentally misidentified several specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B572FDF7C6B1FDA4" box="[297,482,522,547]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolichocerus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B572FDF7C6B1FDA4" box="[297,482,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. dolichocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B651FDF7C492FDA3" authority="Vickerman et al. 2004" authorityName="Vickerman et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[522,961,522,548]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B651FDF7C5C8FDA4" box="[522,667,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C51A978B6F0FDF7C4EAFDA3" author="Vickerman" box="[683,953,522,548]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Vickerman, D. B., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. &amp; Stouthamer, R. (2004) Species identity of geographically distinct populations of the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi: morphology, DNA sequences, and reproductive compatibility. Biological Control, 31 (3), 338 - 345." type="journal article" year="2004">
Vickerman
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B76DFDF7C421FDA4" box="[822,882,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, with the following label data:
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B553FDCFC614FDCB" box="[264,327,562,588]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
: Louisiana, East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge,
<date id="FFA6102D4C51A978B7E4FDCFC31FFDCB" box="[959,1100,562,588]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2002-04-02" valueMax="2002-04-04" valueMin="2002-04-02">24.iv.2002</date>
, S.V. Triapitsyn [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C51A978B146FDCFC635FDF3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, UCRC]; Missouri, St. Clair Co., Chapel View Prairie,
<date id="FFA6102D4C51A978B7AAFDA7C321FDF3" box="[1009,1138,602,628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1999-06-29">29.vi.1999</date>
, M.W. Gates [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C51A978B147FDA7C608FD1B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, UCRC].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C51A978B553FD34C618F948" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C51A978B553FD34C6C4FD65" blockId="25.[264,1324,713,1256]" box="[264,407,713,738]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B553FD34C6C4FD65" box="[264,407,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C51A978B563FD0CC313FB6F" blockId="25.[264,1324,713,1256]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B563FD0CC6C2FC8C" box="[312,401,753,779]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Nuevo León and Tamaulipas) and
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B728FD0CC4FDFC8C" box="[883,942,753,779]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
(California, Florida,
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B09CFD0CC27BFC8C" box="[1223,1320,753,779]" name="Georgia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas); its occurrence in Alabama and southern Arkansas, although not documented, is also very likely. The southern and southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B5F9FC95C68EFC05" box="[418,477,872,898]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
strains of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B602FC95C5B9FC06" box="[601,746,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B602FC95C5B9FC06" box="[601,746,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were released in California against
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B0CAFC95C279FC06" box="[1169,1322,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B0CAFC95C279FC06" box="[1169,1322,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Morgan
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B522FC6DC6EBFC2E" box="[377,440,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
2002;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C51A978B64AFC6DC44CFC2D" author="Pilkington" box="[529,799,912,938]" pageId="25" pageNumber="36" refString="Pilkington, L. J., Irvin, N. A., Boyd, E. A., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. V., Carey, B. G., Jones, W. A. &amp; Morgan, D. J. W. (2005) Introduced parasitic wasps could control glassy-winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture, 59 (4), 223 - 228." type="journal article" year="2005">
Pilkington
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B6CDFC6DC587FC2E" box="[662,724,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
). Self­introduced into Oahu Island, Hawaii (
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B54BFC45C603FC55" box="[272,336,952,978]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
), where
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B5E7FC45C502FC56" box="[444,593,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B5E7FC45C502FC56" box="[444,593,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provides a good control of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B7F4FC45C31FFC56" box="[943,1100,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B7F4FC45C31FFC56" box="[943,1100,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; intentionally and successfully introduced into Tahiti, Society Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B7C0FC22C323FC7E" box="[923,1136,991,1017]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
, for biological control against
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B5E4FBF5C50AFBA6" box="[447,601,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B5E4FBF5C50AFBA6" box="[447,601,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mark S. Hoddle, personal communication). Self­introduced into Easter Island (
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B5BCFBD2C579FBCE" box="[487,554,1071,1097]" name="Chile" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chile</collectingCountry>
) (new record), probably from
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B7C8FBD2C330FBCE" box="[915,1123,1071,1097]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
; specimens were sent to me for identification by Sandra Ide Mayorga (Santiago,
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B054FBAAC307FBF6" box="[1039,1108,1111,1137]" name="Chile" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chile</collectingCountry>
). Triapitsyn
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B0B7FBAAC278FBF7" box="[1260,1323,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
(2006) provided label data for the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B765FB82C49CFB1F" box="[830,975,1151,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B765FB82C49CFB1F" box="[830,975,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaii (
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C51A978B52DFB5BC6E7FB47" box="[374,436,1190,1216]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
) that were sequenced for the molecular comparison with the North American specimens of this species and also with
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B70EFB33C4C5FB60" box="[853,918,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. u a t</emphasis>
S. Triapitsyn.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6766654C51A978B553F988C278F90B" box="[264,1323,1653,1677]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172345/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[517,1070,1296,1645]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C51A978B553F988C278F90B" blockId="25.[264,1323,1653,1677]" box="[264,1323,1653,1677]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B553F988C6C4F90A" bold="true" box="[264,407,1653,1677]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B5C6F98BC5C0F90A" box="[413,659,1654,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B5C6F98BC5C0F90A" box="[413,659,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gonatocerus ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female). Photo by Jack Kelly Clark, University of California.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C51A978B553F94BC618F948" blockId="25.[264,1323,1718,1904]" box="[264,331,1718,1743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B553F94BC618F948" box="[264,331,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hosts</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C51A978B563F923C607F8F7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C51A978B563F923C607F8F7" blockId="25.[264,1323,1718,1904]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B563F923C5C9F97F" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[312,666,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cuerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costalis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B563F923C6ACF970" box="[312,511,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cuerna costalis</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B6EEF923C366F97F" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[693,1077,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B6EEF923C48EF970" box="[693,989,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Homalodisca coagulata</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B00AF923C275F97F" authority="Ball" authorityName="Ball" box="[1105,1318,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B00AF923C38FF970" box="[1105,1244,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. liturata</emphasis>
Ball
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B553F8FBC52AF8A7" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[264,633,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarior">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B553F8FBC551F898" box="[264,514,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Oncometopia clarior</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B6D2F8FBC4C7F8A7" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[649,916,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B6D2F8FBC455F898" box="[649,774,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O. orbona</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B781F8FBC32BF898" box="[986,1144,1798,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B781F8FBC32BF898" box="[986,1144,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Oncometopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Biological traits of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C51A978B529F8D3C556F8C0" box="[370,517,1838,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B529F8D3C556F8C0" box="[370,517,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are well known (Irvin and Hoddle 2004; 2005a, b;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C51A978B0D3F8D3C614F8F7" author="Velema" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" refString="Velema, H. - P., Hemerik, L., Hoddle, M. S. &amp; Luck, R. F. (2005) Brochosome influence on parasitisation efficiency of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) egg masses by Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Ecological Entomology, 30, 485 - 496." type="journal article" year="2005">
Velema
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C51A978B0B7F8D3C278F8C0" box="[1260,1323,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C52A97BB553FEE1C506FDF1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C52A97BB553FEE1C6D0FEB2" blockId="26.[264,1323,284,630]" box="[264,387,284,309]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C52A97BB553FEE1C6D0FEB2" box="[264,387,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C52A97BB563FEB9C506FDF1" blockId="26.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
It can be supposed that
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C52A97BB631FEB9C452FEDA" box="[618,769,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C52A97BB631FEB9C452FEDA" box="[618,769,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might not be native to California; rather, it probably had accidentally introduced itself into California from somewhere in southern or southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C52A97BB5FAFE69C68FFE29" box="[417,476,404,430]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">USA</collectingCountry>
long ago (before the 1980s) and established there on eggs of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C52A97BB0F3FE69C270FE2A" box="[1192,1315,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C52A97BB0F3FE69C270FE2A" box="[1192,1315,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the local proconiine sharpshooter. Following establishment of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C52A97BB7A7FE41C3CAFE52" box="[1020,1177,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C52A97BB7A7FE41C3CAFE52" box="[1020,1177,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern and central California during the 1990s,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C52A97BB6B5FE19C4D2FE7A" box="[750,897,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C52A97BB6B5FE19C4D2FE7A" box="[750,897,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G. ashmeadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
simply switched back to its natural host, providing good control of the summer brood of the glassy­winged sharpshooter. The molecular data reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C52A97BB60EFDC9C425FDC9" box="[597,886,564,590]" pageId="26" pageNumber="38" refString="Vickerman, D. B., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. &amp; Stouthamer, R. (2004) Species identity of geographically distinct populations of the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi: morphology, DNA sequences, and reproductive compatibility. Biological Control, 31 (3), 338 - 345." type="journal article">
Vickerman
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C52A97BB6BBFDC9C44DFDCA" box="[736,798,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
and de León and Jones (2005) may support such an assumption.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>