treatments-xml/data/03/B1/87/03B187FB4C5BA974B553FEE1C4DEFE51.xml

<document id="54D36902089E5C859FF2F9DA2D62A84E" ID-CLB-Dataset="50803" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="076b5447-7740-4af0-aef5-e34d9724424f" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172335" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459754983393" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Triapitsyn, Serguei V." docDate="2006" docId="03B187FB4C5BA974B553FEE1C4DEFE51" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01203p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1203" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gonatocerus fasciatus Girault 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FF88FF834C48A961B45BFFFDC753FF87" masterDocTitle="A key to the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Nearctic region, with description of two new species of Gonatocerus" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698217419921" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6221DE1FDDF984A82D72765532B93029">A key to the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Nearctic region, with description of two new species of Gonatocerus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8725C24EA4BE2DA80ECD202014D7316C">Triapitsyn, Serguei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="656D0423115DFB72A82746A5AFFCD237">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B187FB4C5BA974B553FEE1C4DEFE51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6263503" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119338768" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6263503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187FB4C5BA974B553FEE1C4DEFE51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187FB4C5BA974B553FEE1C4DEFE51" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection id="C30265664C5BA972B553FEE1C6CDFEDE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5BA972B553FEE1C592FEB2" blockId="19.[264,705,283,345]" box="[264,705,283,310]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0EF81814C5BA972B553FEE1C592FEB2" bold="true" box="[264,705,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5BA972B553FEE1C592FEB2" ID-CoL="6KPGZ" authority="Girault, 1911" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1911" box="[264,705,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B553FEE1C592FEB2" bold="true" box="[264,705,283,310]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B553FEE1C546FEB1" bold="true" box="[264,533,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gonatocerus fasciatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5BA972B646FEE6C592FEB2" author="Girault" box="[541,705,283,309]" pageId="19" pageNumber="35" refString="Girault, A. A. (1911) Descriptions of North American Mymaridae with synonymic and other notes on described genera and species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 37, 253 - 324." type="journal article" year="1911">Girault, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5BA972B553FEC2C6CDFEDE" blockId="19.[264,705,283,345]" box="[264,414,319,345]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(
<figureCitation id="13232A684C5BA972B54BFEC2C639FEDE" box="[272,362,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="17.[264,382,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,1233,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[517,1070,1233,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Gonatocerus spp. 15, 16. G. atriclavus (female). 15. Antenna. 16. Forewing. 17. Forewing of G. fasciatus (female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172341/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13232A684C5BA972B52CFEC2C6C6FEDE" box="[375,405,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 18, 19. 18" captionStartId="20.[264,383,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,1238,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[517,1070,1238,1787]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 18, 19. 18. Gonatocerus fasciatus (female). Photo by Jack Kelly Clark, University of California. 19. Exit holes of G. fasciatus (parasitized egg mass of Oncometopia orbona on gardenia leaf)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172342/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5BA972B553FE77C6AFFD87" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<table id="F918C44D4C5B569EB553FE74C278FD87" box="[264,1323,393,512]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<th id="76F95DD34C5B569EB553FE74C5ABFE26" box="[264,760,393,417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5BA972B553FE77C5E8FE27" authority="Girault 1911: 265" authorityName="Girault" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1911" box="[264,699,393,417]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B553FE77C6A4FE26" box="[264,503,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gonatocerus fasciatus</emphasis>
Girault 1911: 265
</taxonomicName>
–266.
</th>
</tr>
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<th id="76F95DD34C5B569EB553FE54C5ABFE46" box="[264,760,425,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5BA972B553FE57C509FE47" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[264,602,425,449]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B553FE57C6AEFE46" box="[264,509,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gonatocerus fasciatus</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
: Huber 1988:
</th>
<td id="76F95DD34C5B569EB75BFE54C4A3FE46" box="[768,1008,425,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">57–58 (redescription,</td>
<td id="76F95DD34C5B569EB7ACFE54C278FE46" box="[1015,1323,425,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">diagnosis, distribution, host</td>
</tr>
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<th id="76F95DD34C5B569EB553FE34C5ABFE66" box="[264,760,457,481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
associations); Triapitsyn 
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B61EFE37C52FFE66" box="[581,636,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
1998: 242;
</th>
<td id="76F95DD34C5B569EB75BFE34C4A3FE66" box="[768,1008,457,481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Triapitsyn 
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B72FFE37C4F8FE66" box="[884,939,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2003:
</td>
<td id="76F95DD34C5B569EB7ACFE34C278FE66" box="[1015,1323,457,481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">75–76 (biology, distribution,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834AF4C5B569EB553FE14C278FD87" box="[264,1323,489,512]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76F95DD34C5B569EB553FE14C5ABFD87" box="[264,760,489,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">host associations).</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C5BA972B553FDD1C450FA5E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B553FDD1C6CDFDC2" box="[264,414,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="54A3884F4C5BA972B553FDD1C66CFDC2" box="[264,319,556,581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5BA972B563FDA9C449FDE9" blockId="19.[264,794,556,622]" box="[312,794,596,622]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Arlington, Arlington Co., Virginia, 
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B553FD62C6B5FD3F" box="[264,486,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5BA972B563FD3AC450FA5E" blockId="19.[264,1325,671,1497]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5BA972B563FD3AC625FD66" box="[312,374,711,737]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">USA</collectingCountry>
. CALIFORNIA, Siskiyou Co., Hwy. 3, 
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SW of Yreka, 
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, 
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, 
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, R.A. Rakitov [
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, 
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]. DISTRICT OF 
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, Washington, Rock Creek Park, 
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, 
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, 
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, E.F. Drake [
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, 
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, 
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]. FLORIDA: Jefferson Co., Monticello, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B0D5FCC2C3ACFCDE" box="[1166,1279,831,857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2001-11-01">1.xi.2001</date>
, R. Mizell, III [
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, 
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]. 
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: Houston Co., near Centerville, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B67FFC72C5F0FC2E" box="[548,675,911,937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2004-06-21">21.vi.2004</date>
, S.V. Triapitsyn, T. Cottrell [
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, 
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]. Peach Co., Byron, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B5C0FC4AC548FC56" box="[411,539,951,977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2004-06-22">22.vi.2004</date>
, S.V. Triapitsyn (emerged 
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at UCR quarantine from eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5BA972B53DFC22C553FC7F" box="[358,512,991,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B53DFC22C553FC7F" box="[358,512,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5BA972B661FC22C5E7FC7F" box="[570,692,991,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B661FC22C5E7FC7F" box="[570,692,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">O. orbona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on leaves of crape myrtle, magnolia, etc.) [numerous females and males, 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B65FFBFAC508FBA6" box="[516,603,1031,1057]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. ILLINOIS, Hardin Co., Elizabethtown, 
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, H.L. Dozier [
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, 
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]. KENTUCKY, Breckenridge Co., Axtel, 
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, A. Ray, M. Buffington [
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, 
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]. MARYLAND: Frederick Co., Thurmont, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C502A4C5BA972B5F7FB82C516FB1E" box="[428,581,1151,1177]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-77.43806">77°26’17’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 100’, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B6C2FB82C45CFB1E" box="[665,783,1151,1177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2004-05-28">28.v.2004</date>
, E.F. Drake [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5BA972B7F5FB82C352FB1E" box="[942,1025,1151,1177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B055FB82C336FB1E" box="[1038,1125,1151,1177]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. Wicomico Co., Parsonsburg, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B5EAFB5AC53FFB46" box="[433,620,1191,1217]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2000-08-11" valueMax="2000-08-20" valueMin="2000-08-11">11–20.viii.2000</date>
, S. &amp; M. Gondal [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5BA972B72CFB5AC4A4FB46" box="[887,1015,1191,1217]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B056FB5AC337FB46" box="[1037,1124,1191,1217]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. MISSISSIPPI, Washington Co., nr. Stoneville, Delta Exp. Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C502A4C5BA972B725FB32C4B4FB6E" box="[894,999,1231,1257]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="33.483334">33°29’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C502A4C5BA972B7A3FB32C330FB6E" box="[1016,1123,1231,1257]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="-90.916664">90°55’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B02EFB32C275FB6E" box="[1141,1318,1231,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1999-04-20" valueMax="1999-05-03" valueMin="1999-04-20">20.iv–3.v.1999</date>
, N.M. Schiff [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5BA972B5E8FB0AC571FA96" box="[435,546,1271,1297]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B66FFB0AC5DFFA96" box="[564,652,1271,1297]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UCDC</collectionCode>
]. 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B6FEFB0AC45BFA96" box="[677,776,1271,1297]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NORTH</collectionCode>
CAROLINA, Carteret Co., Morehead City, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B553FAE2C697FABE" box="[264,452,1311,1337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2000-08-20" valueMax="2000-08-27" valueMin="2000-08-20">20–27.viii.2000</date>
, M. Wuenschel [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5BA972B6D7FAE2C450FABE" box="[652,771,1311,1337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B74BFAE2C434FABE" box="[784,871,1311,1337]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B721FAE2C495FABE" box="[890,966,1311,1337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">OHIO</collectionCode>
, Clermont Co., Williamsburg, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C502A4C5BA972B553FABAC63CFAE6" box="[264,367,1351,1377]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="39.083332">39°05’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2C502A4C5BA972B5DBFABAC6BFFAE6" box="[384,492,1351,1377]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="-84.03333">84°02’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B5A6FABAC5CDFAE6" box="[509,670,1351,1377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1997-05-11" valueMax="1997-05-17" valueMin="1997-05-11">11–17.v.1997</date>
, D.E. Russell [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5BA972B707FABAC49AFAE6" box="[860,969,1351,1377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B782FABAC362FAE6" box="[985,1073,1351,1377]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UCDC</collectionCode>
]. PENNSYLVANIA, Montgomery Co., Lansdale, 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5BA972B639FA92C476FA0E" box="[610,805,1391,1417]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2001-06-30" valueMax="2001-07-05" valueMin="2001-06-30">30.vi–5.vii.2001</date>
, R. Kaufhold [
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD644C5BA972B785FA92C319FA0E" box="[990,1098,1391,1417]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B003FA92C3FCFA0E" box="[1112,1199,1391,1417]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m2jc-wmeq" name="University of California, Riverside" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UCRC</collectionCode>
]. 
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B09FFA92C276FA0E" box="[1220,1317,1391,1417]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">TEXAS</collectionCode>
, numerous specimens of both sexes collected in various years during April­June in Bosque, Brazos, Polk, and Tyler Counties [
<collectionCode id="ED09AE284C5BA972B6C1FA42C5ABFA5E" box="[666,760,1471,1497]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">TAMU</collectionCode>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C5BA972B553F9F2C242F8EE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5BA972B553F9F2C62CF9AF" blockId="19.[264,1324,1551,1897]" box="[264,383,1551,1576]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B553F9F2C62CF9AF" box="[264,383,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5BA972B563F9CAC242F8EE" blockId="19.[264,1324,1551,1897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Body length 560–1320 (Triapitsyn 
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5BA972B6BBF9CAC44DF9D7" box="[736,798,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2003). The main distinguishing features of this species are as follows (mostly after 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5BA972B6B8F9A2C420F9FE" author="Huber" box="[739,883,1631,1657]" pageId="19" pageNumber="35" refString="Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1988">Huber 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Head and mesosoma brown to dark brown, gaster mostly yellow or pinkish (often in live or freshly preserved specimens) with brown bands on terga. Longitudinal sensilla present only on F5–F8 of the female antenna. Submedial carinae on the propodeum incomplete, not reaching the dorsellum. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="13232A684C5BA972B54AF902C63BF89E" box="[273,360,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 17" captionStartId="17.[264,382,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,1233,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[517,1070,1233,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 17. Gonatocerus spp. 15, 16. G. atriclavus (female). 15. Antenna. 16. Forewing. 17. Forewing of G. fasciatus (female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172341/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) with a faint uniform brown tinge beyond venation and a distinct brown fascia between the stigmal vein and the wing’s posterior margin; cubital row of microtrichia complete, extending to base of marginal vein. Habitus of the female is shown in 
<figureCitation id="13232A684C5BA972B0E3F8B2C25EF8EE" box="[1208,1293,1871,1897]" captionStart="FIGURES 18, 19. 18" captionStartId="20.[264,383,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,1238,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[517,1070,1238,1787]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 18, 19. 18. Gonatocerus fasciatus (female). Photo by Jack Kelly Clark, University of California. 19. Exit holes of G. fasciatus (parasitized egg mass of Oncometopia orbona on gardenia leaf)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172342/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C5CA975B553FEE1C40DFDA1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5CA975B553FEE1C6C4FEB2" blockId="20.[264,1323,284,550]" box="[264,407,284,309]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B553FEE1C6C4FEB2" box="[264,407,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5CA975B563FEB9C40DFDA1" blockId="20.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5CA975B563FEB9C620FED9" box="[312,371,324,350]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">USA</collectingCountry>
(northern California [new record], District of 
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5CA975B7FDFEB9C34AFED9" box="[934,1049,324,350]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Columbia</collectingCountry>
[new record], Florida, 
<collectingCountry id="F30F767D4C5CA975B553FE91C63AFE01" box="[264,361,364,390]" name="Georgia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, Illinois, Kentucky [new record], Louisiana, Maryland [new record], Mississippi [new record], Missouri, North Carolina [new record], Ohio [new record], Pennsylvania [new record], South Carolina [new record], Tennessee, Texas, Virginia). The species was first introduced into California from Louisiana (Triapitsyn 
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B79CFE19C350FE7A" box="[967,1027,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
2003) and later released there against 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B5FFFDF1C409FDA1" authority="Pilkington et al. 2005" authorityName="Pilkington et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[420,858,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B5FFFDF1C56EFDA2" box="[420,573,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. coagulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5CA975B616FDF1C402FDA1" author="Pilkington" box="[589,849,524,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="36" refString="Pilkington, L. J., Irvin, N. A., Boyd, E. A., Hoddle, M. S., Triapitsyn, S. V., Carey, B. G., Jones, W. A. &amp; Morgan, D. J. W. (2005) Introduced parasitic wasps could control glassy-winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture, 59 (4), 223 - 228." type="journal article" year="2005">
Pilkington 
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B68BFDF1C458FDA2" box="[720,779,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C5CA975B553FDA1C618FDF2" box="[264,331,604,629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5CA975B553FDA1C618FDF2" blockId="20.[264,1323,604,750]" box="[264,331,604,629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B553FDA1C618FDF2" box="[264,331,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hosts</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C5CA975B563FD79C37AFD69" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5CA975B563FD79C37AFD69" blockId="20.[264,1323,604,750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B563FD79C5FBFD19" ID-CoL="8J638" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[312,680,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B563FD79C504FD1A" box="[312,599,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Homalodisca coagulata</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B6E0FD79C61CFD41" ID-CoL="6SN4R" authority="(Fabricius) (Triapitsyn et al. 2003)" authorityName="(Fabricius) (Triapitsyn et al." authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B6E0FD79C4E8FD1A" box="[699,955,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oncometopia orbona</emphasis>
(Fabricius) (Triapitsyn 
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B0B2FD79C279FD1A" box="[1257,1322,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
2003)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B5C8FD51C37AFD41" ID-CoL="4DHGB" authority="(Fabricius) (Tipping et al. 2006)" authorityName="(Fabricius) (Tipping et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[403,1065,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paraulacizes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irrorata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B5C8FD51C5C0FD42" box="[403,659,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Paraulacizes irrorata</emphasis>
(Fabricius) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5CA975B76AFD51C371FD41" author="Tipping" box="[817,1058,684,710]" pageId="20" pageNumber="36" refString="Tipping, C., Triapitsyn, S. V. &amp; Mizell III, R. F. (2006) First record of an egg parasitoid for the North American proconiine sharpshooter Paraulacizes irrorata (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with notes on rearing techniques. Florida Entomologist, in press." type="book" year="2006">
Tipping 
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B7C2FD51C484FD42" box="[921,983,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Some aspects of the biology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B5D2FD29C542FD6A" ID-CoL="6KPGZ" box="[393,529,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B5D2FD29C542FD6A" box="[393,529,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5CA975B681FD29C4AEFD69" author="Irvin" box="[730,1021,724,750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" refString="Irvin, N. A. &amp; Hoddle, M. S. (2005 a) Determination of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) egg ages suitable for oviposition by Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Gonatocerus triguttatus, and Gonatocerus fasciatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Biological Control, 32, 391 - 400." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Irvin and Hoddle (2005a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B1C4C5CA975B051FD29C34FFD69" author="Irvin" box="[1034,1052,724,750]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" refString="Irvin, N. A. &amp; Hoddle, M. S. (2005 b) The competitive ability of three mymarid egg parasitoids (Gonatocerus spp.) for glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) eggs. Biological Control, 34, 204 - 214." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30265664C5CA974B553FCE2C4DEFE51" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5CA975B553FCE2C6D0FCBF" blockId="20.[264,1323,799,1185]" box="[264,387,799,824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B553FCE2C6D0FCBF" box="[264,387,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5CA975B563FCBAC3A8FB26" blockId="20.[264,1323,799,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
This is the only known gregarious species among the North American 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B0C8FCBAC279FCE7" box="[1171,1322,839,864]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B0C8FCBAC279FCE7" box="[1171,1322,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gonatocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
egg parasitoids of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B5A0FC92C526FC0E" box="[507,629,879,905]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Proconiini">Proconiini</taxonomicName>
(Triapitsyn 
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B743FC92C40FFC0F" box="[792,860,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
2003). Its exit holes can be easily recognized by their number (two, rarely three) and position (at the opposite ends of the host egg if only two holes are present) per each host egg (
<figureCitation id="13232A684C5CA975B7AFFC42C302FC5E" box="[1012,1105,959,985]" captionStart="FIGURES 18, 19. 18" captionStartId="20.[264,383,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[517,1070,1238,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[517,1070,1238,1787]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 18, 19. 18. Gonatocerus fasciatus (female). Photo by Jack Kelly Clark, University of California. 19. Exit holes of G. fasciatus (parasitized egg mass of Oncometopia orbona on gardenia leaf)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172342/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). By finding old, parasitized egg masses of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B61AFC1AC5E8FB86" box="[577,699,999,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Proconiini">Proconiini</taxonomicName>
with such exit holes I was able to document during 
<date id="FFA6102D4C5CA975B553FBF2C6F4FBAE" box="[264,423,1039,1065]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2004-08">August 2004</date>
presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B60EFBF2C5B5FBAF" box="[597,742,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B60EFBF2C5B5FBAF" box="[597,742,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Yamassee, South Carolina (in eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B155FBF2C62EFBD7" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B155FBF2C62EFBD7" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B5ECFBCAC57CFBD7" box="[439,559,1079,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B5ECFBCAC57CFBD7" box="[439,559,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. orbona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on crape myrtle) and also at several locations in North Carolina: Garner (in eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B5B2FBA2C5D0FBFF" box="[489,643,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B5B2FBA2C5D0FBFF" box="[489,643,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on crape myrtle), near Greensboro (in eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B0EAFBA2C278FBFF" box="[1201,1323,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B0EAFBA2C278FBFF" box="[1201,1323,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. orbona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on crape myrtle), and near Warsaw (in eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B776FB7AC495FB27" box="[813,966,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B776FB7AC495FB27" box="[813,966,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on an undetermined tree).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6766654C5CA975B553F8F2C613F8EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172342/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[517,1070,1238,1787]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5CA975B553F8F2C613F8EB" blockId="20.[264,1323,1807,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B553F8F2C680F8A0" bold="true" box="[264,467,1807,1831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURES 18, 19.</emphasis>
18. 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B65DF8EDC5A4F8A0" box="[518,759,1808,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B65DF8EDC5A4F8A0" box="[518,759,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gonatocerus fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female). Photo by Jack Kelly Clark, University of California. 19. Exit holes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B663F8CFC5E7F8CE" box="[568,692,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B663F8CFC5E7F8CE" box="[568,692,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(parasitized egg mass of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5CA975B79FF8CFC3F4F8CE" box="[964,1191,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Oncometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbona">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5CA975B79FF8CFC3F4F8CE" box="[964,1191,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oncometopia orbona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on gardenia leaf).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA736ED4C5DA974B563FEE1C4DEFE51" blockId="21.[264,1325,284,470]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The recent discovery of 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5DA974B636FEE1C5A8FEB2" box="[621,763,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Gonatocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5DA974B636FEE1C5A8FEB2" box="[621,763,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern California among the specimens collected near Yreka, Siskiyou Co. by R.A. Rakitov at a site where a native sharpshooter, 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5DA974B553FE91C543FE01" authority="Nielson" authorityName="Nielson" box="[264,528,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cuerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unica">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5DA974B553FE91C6FAFE02" box="[264,425,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cuerna unica</emphasis>
Nielson
</taxonomicName>
, occurs (R.A. Rakitov, personal communication), suggests that this species is native there (also because it is very far away from the areas of southern California where it was released against 
<taxonomicName id="4C184D6E4C5DA974B6B8FE41C42FFE52" box="[739,892,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Homalodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coagulata">
<emphasis id="B96CEAFF4C5DA974B6B8FE41C42FFE52" box="[739,892,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. coagulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>