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<document id="C70492909A83A676E0AAE392FF3FD597" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3943881" ID-ZooBank="7F0D8427-C06F-4E2B-AE47-13D3654CB286" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594718790129" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Freyhof, Jörg &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran" docDate="2020" docId="03B187D4DF09FF8DFF4F6685FB35DB0A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4810.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4810 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Esmaeilius Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu 2020, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="445" masterDocId="FF88FFACDF1CFF95FFD8604CFFDED911" masterDocTitle="A proposal for a new generic structure of the killifish family Aphaniidae, with the description of Aphaniops teimorii (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)" masterLastPageNumber="451" masterPageNumber="421" pageNumber="442" updateTime="1700277434085" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F5ADF56EA807B32B1832A89305F5CCCE">A proposal for a new generic structure of the killifish family Aphaniidae, with the description of Aphaniops teimorii (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="19A62B87126B4DE726660286B7AD52F1">Freyhof, Jörg</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8F65F179292679939AF3DB35981203D5">Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, 10115 Berlin, Germany. joerg. freyhof @ mfn. berlin; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7042 - 3127</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="72BF97CD61F83EA2670EC582DAAA9663">Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="63C9380B413082C5A41CBD8882555A84">Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Beytepe Campus, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6650A73016D897B1BC588C87859CE2FA">2020</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3026549DF09FF80FF4F6685FE73DFF2" box="[151,429,1737,1764]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF09FF80FF4F6685FE73DFF2" blockId="21.[151,429,1737,1799]" box="[151,429,1737,1764]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">
<heading id="D0EF81AEDF09FF80FF4F6685FE73DFF2" bold="true" box="[151,429,1737,1764]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FF4F6685FE73DFF2" bold="true" box="[151,429,1737,1764]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF09FF80FF4F6685FEC3DFF5" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,285,1737,1764]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FF4F6685FEC3DFF5" bold="true" box="[151,285,1737,1764]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">Esmaeilius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57ABDF09FF80FEF46685FE73DFF2" box="[300,429,1737,1763]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3026549DF09FF80FF4F66A1FECFDE16" box="[151,273,1773,1799]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF09FF80FF4F66A1FECFDE16" blockId="21.[151,429,1737,1799]" box="[151,273,1773,1799]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">
<figureCitation id="13232A47DF09FF80FF4F66A1FECFDE16" box="[151,273,1773,1799]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStartId-0="22.[151,250,1700,1725]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,250,1562,1587]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,669,1675]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,777,1537]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[151,1436,669,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[151,1436,777,1537]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Esmaeilius isfahanensis, FSJF 3497, from the top: female, 35 mm SL; male, 32 mm SL; Iran: Zayandeh River." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Esmaeilius sophiae, Left column from the top, males: FSJF 2225, 38 mm SL; Iran: Ghadamgah; not preserved, 33 mm SL; Iran: Talab-e-Gavkhuni; FSJF 4064, 32 mm SL, Iran: Cheshmeh Ali; right column from the top, females: FSJF 2225, 40 mm SL; Iran: Ghadamgah; nor preserved, 26 mm SL; Iran: Talab-e-Gavkhuni; FSJF 4064, 29 mm SL, Iran: Cheshmeh Ali." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943913" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943915" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3943913/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3943915/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">Fig. 1617</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026549DF09FF80FF4F677DFD89DE58" box="[151,599,1841,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF09FF80FF4F677DFD89DE58" blockId="21.[151,599,1841,1866]" box="[151,599,1841,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FF4F677DFEFDDE5B" bold="true" box="[151,291,1841,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">
<typeStatus id="54A38860DF09FF80FF4F677DFF12DE58" box="[151,204,1841,1865]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF09FF80FEF2677DFD8DDE58" authority="Heckel, 1847" authorityName="Heckel" authorityYear="1847" box="[298,595,1841,1866]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Lebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FEF2677DFE1DDE58" box="[298,451,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">Lebias sophiae</emphasis>
Heckel, 1847
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026549DF09FF83FF4F673BFAACDB96" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF09FF83FF4F673BFC93D9ED" blockId="21.[151,1437,1911,2010]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,153,647]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FF4F673BFECCDE83" bold="true" box="[151,274,1911,1938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF09FF80FEC36734FE48DE83" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[283,406,1912,1938]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FEC36734FE48DE83" box="[283,406,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">Esmaeilius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF09FF80FD416734FCEDDE83" baseAuthorityName="Wildekamp" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[665,819,1912,1938]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Anatolichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FD416734FCEDDE83" box="[665,819,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">Anatolichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF09FF80FCB56734FBCCDE83" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[877,1042,1912,1938]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Apricaphanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FCB56734FBCCDE83" box="[877,1042,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">Apricaphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possession of a hyaline caudal fin, with a white margin in some species, without bars or rows of spots, or with 15 indistinct vertical rows of small brown spots usually restricted to the proximal portion in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF09FF80FCC4678CFC4DDECB" authorityName="Heckel" authorityYear="1847" box="[796,915,1984,2010]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Lebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF09FF80FCC4678CFC4DDECB" box="[796,915,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="442">E. sophiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (vs. caudal fin with 14 bold black or brown bars, or 414 vertical rows of small brown spots in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FD0160D5FC01D9A2" box="[729,991,153,179]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Anatolichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villwocki">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FD0160D5FC01D9A2" box="[729,991,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Anatolichthys villwocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), plus a white dorsal- and often caudal- and anal-fin margins in the male, except
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FDB560F2FCC6D9C6" box="[621,792,189,215]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isfahanensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FDB560F2FCC6D9C6" box="[621,792,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">E. isfahanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which possesses black dorsal- and anal-fin margins (vs. dorsal and anal-fin margins black, caudal-fin margin hyaline).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0AFF83FF1F6149FD01DB72" blockId="22.[151,1436,153,647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FF1F6149FE9CD80E" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,322,261,287]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FF1F6149FE9CD80E" box="[199,322,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Esmaeilius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other genera in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FCB36149FC32D80E" box="[875,1004,261,287]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aphaniidae</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of nonunique characters: head canals absent (vs. present in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FD386165FC94D852" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1827" box="[736,842,297,323]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FD386165FC94D852" box="[736,842,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Aphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FCA66165FC28D852" box="[894,1014,297,323]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphaniops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FCA66165FC28D852" box="[894,1014,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Aphaniops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); dermal sheath at the anal-fin base in the nuptial female present (vs. absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FD856101FD0BD876" box="[605,725,333,359]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphaniops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FD856101FD0BD876" box="[605,725,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Aphaniops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); a single row of tricuspid teeth (vs. three rows of conical teeth in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FF6C613DFEBCD89A" authorityName="Sozer" authorityYear="1942" box="[180,354,369,395]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Kosswigichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FF6C613DFEBCD89A" box="[180,354,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Kosswigichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); body covered by scales (vs. naked in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FCC7613DFC13D89A" authorityName="Sozer" authorityYear="1942" box="[799,973,369,395]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Kosswigichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FCC7613DFC13D89A" box="[799,973,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Kosswigichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); pelvic fin present (vs. absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FA94613DFA55D89A" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1853" box="[1356,1419,369,395]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Tellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FA94613DFA55D89A" box="[1356,1419,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Tellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); flank pattern in male comprising a series of black or brown bars (vs. small whitish or blue spots arranged in vertical series or very narrow bars in
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FE0661F5FDB1D8C2" box="[478,623,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Paraphanius</emphasis>
); a bold black spot at centre of the caudal-fin base in female present (vs. absent in
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FEDC6191FE4BD8E6" box="[260,405,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Paraphanius</emphasis>
); dorsal- and anal-fin margin white or black in male (vs. without white or black margins in all
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FF62624DFEECDB0A" box="[186,306,513,539]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphaniops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FF62624DFEECDB0A" box="[186,306,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Aphaniops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FE51624DFE21DB0A" box="[393,511,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FE51624DFE25DB0A" box="[393,507,513,539]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphaniops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirhani">A. sirhani</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FDAF624DFD68DB0A" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1853" box="[631,694,513,539]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Tellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FDAF624DFD68DB0A" box="[631,694,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Tellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only dorsal-fin margin black in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FBF0624DFB4CDB0A" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1827" box="[1064,1170,513,539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FBF0624DFB4CDB0A" box="[1064,1170,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Aphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); background colour of caudal fin identical to interspaces between flank bars (vs. caudal fin pale or deep yellow or orange, distinct from silvery interspaces between flank bars in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FDBD6205FD11DB72" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1827" box="[613,719,585,611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FDBD6205FD11DB72" box="[613,719,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Aphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0AFF83FF1F6221FAACDB96" blockId="22.[151,1436,153,647]" box="[199,1394,620,647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FF1F6221FE4CDB96" bold="true" box="[199,402,620,647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FE406221FDAFDB96" box="[408,625,621,647]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FE406221FDAFDB96" box="[408,625,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Esmaeilius sophiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FDA76222FCC4DB96" box="[639,794,621,647]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darabensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FDA76222FCC4DB96" box="[639,794,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">E. darabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FCFF6222FC0FDB96" box="[807,977,621,647]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isfahanensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FCFF6222FC0FDB96" box="[807,977,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">E. isfahanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FC076222FB85DB96" baseAuthorityName="Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[991,1115,622,647]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FC076222FB85DB96" box="[991,1115,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">E. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FBB16222FB0CDB96" box="[1129,1234,621,647]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shirini">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FBB16222FB0CDB96" box="[1129,1234,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">E. shirini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FB386222FAACDB96" box="[1248,1394,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FB386222FAB0DB96" box="[1248,1390,621,647]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vladykovi">E. vladykovi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF67664ADF0AFF83FF4F66E8FA59DFAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3943913" box="[151,1415,1700,1725]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943913/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" startId="22.[151,250,1700,1725]" targetBox="[151,1436,669,1675]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0AFF83FF4F66E8FA59DFAD" blockId="22.[151,1415,1700,1725]" box="[151,1415,1700,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FF4F66E8FEFEDFAC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1700,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FEFE66E9FDC7DFAC" box="[294,537,1701,1725]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isfahanensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FEFE66E9FDC7DFAC" box="[294,537,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Esmaeilius isfahanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, FSJF 3497, from the top: female, 35 mm SL; male, 32 mm SL; Iran: Zayandeh River.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3026549DF0AFF83FF1F66AFFAA8DE32" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0AFF83FF1F66AFFAA8DE32" blockId="22.[151,1436,1763,2043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FF1F66AFFEBFDFEF" bold="true" box="[199,353,1763,1790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FEB266A8FE3BDFEF" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[362,485,1764,1790]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FEB266A8FE3BDFEF" box="[362,485,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Esmaeilius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are widespread in inland waters of
<collectingCountry id="F30F7652DF0AFF83FC3C66A9FBCFDFEE" box="[996,1041,1765,1791]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Iran</collectingCountry>
and the lower Shat-al-Arab River drainage in
<collectingCountry id="F30F7652DF0AFF83FEC36745FE96DE32" box="[283,328,1801,1827]" name="Iraq" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Iraq</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13232A47DF0AFF83FE806744FE75DE33" box="[344,427,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1500,1525]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,561,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,561,1475]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 18. Records of Esmaeilius species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943917/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0AFF83FE676744FD6CDE33" author="Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Teimori, A. &amp; Zarei, F. &amp; Gholami, S." box="[447,690,1800,1827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" pagination="0231717" refId="ref18541" refString="Esmaeili, H. R., Teimori, A., Zarei, F. &amp; Gholami, S. (2020) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of the Old World toothcarps, family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). PLoS ONE, 15 (4), e 0231717. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0231717" type="journal article" year="2020">
Esmaeili
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FDF06745FD84DE33" box="[552,602,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
provided a detailed map showing the distribution of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026549DF0AFF83FF1F6761FD7EDE7B" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0AFF83FF1F6761FD7EDE7B" blockId="22.[151,1436,1763,2043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FF1F6761FE90DE56" bold="true" box="[199,334,1837,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for Hamid Reza Esmaeili (Shiraz) for his extensive contribution to the understanding of diversity within this genus. Gender masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026549DF0AFF8DFF1F6739FB35DB0A" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0AFF83FF1F6739FC5BDEEB" blockId="22.[151,1436,1763,2043]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FF1F6739FEE5DE9E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1909,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FE996738FE62DE9F" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[321,444,1908,1934]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FE996738FE62DE9F" box="[321,444,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Esmaeilius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FD696738FC95DE9F" baseAuthorityName="Wildekamp" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[689,843,1908,1934]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Anatolichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FD696738FC95DE9F" box="[689,843,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Anatolichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FCA76738FBFADE9F" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[895,1060,1908,1934]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Apricaphanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FCA76738FBFADE9F" box="[895,1060,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Apricaphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by colour pattern, specifically the absence of bars in the caudal fin (vs. presence of bars in all species except
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FC3967D5FBBBDEA3" box="[993,1125,1944,1971]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Anatolichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villwocki">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FC3967D5FBBBDEA3" box="[993,1125,1944,1971]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">A. villwocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and presence of white (vs. black) dorsal- and usually caudal- and anal-fin margins in all species except
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FC2567F1FB76DEC7" box="[1021,1192,1980,2006]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isfahanensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FC2567F1FB76DEC7" box="[1021,1192,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">E. isfahanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This combination of characters never occurs in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FE1A67ACFD82DEEB" baseAuthorityName="Wildekamp" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[450,604,2016,2042]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Anatolichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FE1A67ACFD82DEEB" box="[450,604,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Anatolichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0AFF83FD5967ACFCF8DEEB" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[641,806,2016,2042]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Apricaphanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0AFF83FD5967ACFCF8DEEB" box="[641,806,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="443">Apricaphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0BFF82FF1F60D5FE54D80E" blockId="23.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FF1F60D5FE13D9A2" box="[199,461,153,179]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Anatolichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villwocki">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF1F60D5FE13D9A2" box="[199,461,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Anatolichthys villwocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FD8760D6FD0BD9A2" box="[607,725,153,179]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FD8760D6FD0BD9A2" box="[607,725,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. sophiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing rows of small brown spots in the caudal fin but it differs by possessing black (vs. white) dorsal- and anal-fin margins.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FC5460F1FB49D9C6" box="[908,1175,189,215]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isfahanensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FC5460F1FB49D9C6" box="[908,1175,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Esmaeilius isfahanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FAFE60F1FF1AD9EA" baseAuthorityName="Wildekamp" baseAuthorityYear="1993" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Anatolichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FAFE60F1FF1AD9EA" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Anatolichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FF2260ADFE41D9EA" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[250,415,225,251]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Apricaphanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF2260ADFE41D9EA" box="[250,415,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Apricaphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in possessing black dorsal- and anal-fin margins but it differs by lacking bold black bars in the caudal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0BFF82FF1F6165FEC7DB72" blockId="23.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FF1F6165FD90D852" authority="Priem, 1908" authorityName="Priem" authorityYear="1908" box="[199,590,297,323]" genus="Brachylebias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF1F6165FE60D852" box="[199,446,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Brachylebias persicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FE1D6165FD90D852" author="Priem, F." box="[453,590,297,323]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref20615" refString="Priem, F. (1908) Poissons fossiles de Perse (Mission de Morgan). In: Annales Publiees Sous la Direction de J. Morgan, Delegation scientifique en Perse. Annales d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1908">Priem, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was transferred to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FCFB6165FC53D852" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1827" box="[803,909,297,323]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FCFB6165FC53D852" box="[803,909,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FC6E6165FBB9D852" author="Gaudant, J." box="[950,1127,297,323]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="347 - 356" refId="ref18870" refString="Gaudant, J. (2011) Aphanius persicus (Priem, 1908) (Pisces, Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae): une nouvelle combinaison pour Brachylebias persicus Priem, 1908, du Miocene superieur des environs de Tabriz (Iran). Geodiversitas, 33, 347 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2011 n 2 a 9" type="journal article" year="2011">Gaudant (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, becoming a senior secondary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FE856101FD32D876" authority="Jenkins, 1910" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1910" box="[349,748,333,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Cyprinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FE856101FD96D876" box="[349,584,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Cyprinodon persicus</emphasis>
Jenkins, 1910
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FCCE6101FC3BD876" baseAuthorityName="non Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[790,997,333,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FCCE6101FC3BD876" box="[790,997,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphanius persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FBF76101FB24D876" authorityName="Teimori, Esmaeili &amp; Reichenbacher" authorityYear="2011" box="[1071,1274,333,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="farsicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FBF76101FB24D876" box="[1071,1274,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphanius farsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was proposed as the replacement name by Teimori
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FDE7613EFDACD89A" box="[575,626,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">et al</emphasis>
. (2011). When the phylogenetic groups of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FBB8613DFB14D89A" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1827" box="[1120,1226,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FBB8613DFB14D89A" box="[1120,1226,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are separated into different genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FE8161D9FE33D8BE" authorityName="Priem" authorityYear="1908" box="[345,493,405,431]" genus="Brachylebias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FE8161D9FE33D8BE" box="[345,493,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Brachylebias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be considered as
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FD2161DAFC4BD8BE" box="[761,917,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">incertae sedis</emphasis>
as we find no arguments to place it in one of the genera recognised here and it may represent a distinct (extinct) evolutionary lineage.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FB5A61F5FAC8D8C2" authorityName="Priem" authorityYear="1908" box="[1154,1302,441,467]" genus="Brachylebias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FB5A61F5FAC8D8C2" box="[1154,1302,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Brachylebias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FAFC61F5FA42D8C2" box="[1316,1436,441,467]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphaniops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FAFC61F5FA42D8C2" box="[1316,1436,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphaniops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FF116191FEEDD8E6" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1827" box="[201,307,477,503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF116191FEEDD8E6" box="[201,307,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the presence of a preopercular canal (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FCE86191FC38D8E6" author="Gaudant, J." box="[816,998,477,503]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="347 - 356" refId="ref18870" refString="Gaudant, J. (2011) Aphanius persicus (Priem, 1908) (Pisces, Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae): une nouvelle combinaison pour Brachylebias persicus Priem, 1908, du Miocene superieur des environs de Tabriz (Iran). Geodiversitas, 33, 347 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2011 n 2 a 9" type="journal article" year="2011">Gaudant (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, and therefore
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FB4D6192FACDD8E6" baseAuthorityName="non Jenkins" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1173,1299,478,503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FB4D6192FACDD8E6" box="[1173,1299,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">B. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might have been a Miocene species of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FE0A624DFD94DB0A" box="[466,586,513,539]" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphaniops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FE0A624DFD94DB0A" box="[466,586,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphaniops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FDAB624DFD03DB0A" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1827" box="[627,733,513,539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FDAB624DFD03DB0A" box="[627,733,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Discussion below). While there is a need to re-examine the materials of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FE976269FE3DDB2E" authorityName="Priem" authorityYear="1908" box="[335,483,549,575]" genus="Brachylebias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FE976269FE3DDB2E" box="[335,483,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Brachylebias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we currently find it highly unlikely that
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FC616269FB93DB2E" authorityName="Priem" authorityYear="1908" box="[953,1101,549,575]" genus="Brachylebias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FC616269FB93DB2E" box="[953,1101,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Brachylebias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might have been a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FF4F6205FECCDB72" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,274,585,611]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF4F6205FECCDB72" box="[151,274,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Esmaeilius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0BFF82FF1F6221FC9CDBE2" blockId="23.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FF1F6221FE60DB96" authorityName="Priem" authorityYear="1908" box="[199,446,621,647]" genus="Brachylebias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF1F6221FE60DB96" box="[199,446,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Brachylebias persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FE2A6221FD05DB96" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1910" box="[498,731,621,647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Cyprinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FE2A6221FD05DB96" box="[498,731,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Cyprinodon persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became secondary homonyms when both were placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FA806221FF18DBBA" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1827" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FA806221FF18DBBA" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because the two names are no longer congeneric, and because the replacement name was raised after 1960, the older name
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FEC462F9FDBCDBDE" authority="Jenkins" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1910" box="[284,610,693,719]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Cyprinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FEC462F9FDD8DBDE" box="[284,518,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Cyprinodon persicus</emphasis>
Jenkins
</taxonomicName>
must be reinstated as the valid name (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FBC862F9FB48DBDE" author="ICZN &amp; International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" box="[1040,1174,693,719]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" refId="ref19742" refString="ICZN [International Code of Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomeclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Art. 59.4). This makes
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FF4F6295FEBFDBE2" authorityName="Teimori, Esmaeili &amp; Reichenbacher" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,353,729,755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Aphanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="farsicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF4F6295FEBFDBE2" box="[151,353,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Aphanius farsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FD896295FCE5DBE2" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1910" box="[593,827,729,755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Cyprinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FD896295FCE5DBE2" box="[593,827,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Cyprinodon persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF67664ADF0BFF82FF4F6656FA49DF6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3943915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943915/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" startId="23.[151,250,1562,1587]" targetBox="[151,1436,777,1537]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0BFF82FF4F6656FA49DF6A" blockId="23.[151,1436,1562,1659]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF4F6656FEC1DF22" bold="true" box="[151,287,1562,1587]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FEFC6656FDC0DF22" authority=", Left" authorityName="Left" box="[292,542,1562,1587]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FEFC6656FE36DF23" box="[292,488,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Esmaeilius sophiae</emphasis>
, Left
</taxonomicName>
column from the top, males: FSJF 2225, 38 mm SL; Iran: Ghadamgah; not preserved, 33 mm SL; Iran: Talab-e-Gavkhuni; FSJF 4064, 32 mm SL, Iran: Cheshmeh Ali; right column from the top, females: FSJF 2225, 40 mm SL; Iran: Ghadamgah; nor preserved, 26 mm SL; Iran: Talab-e-Gavkhuni; FSJF 4064, 29 mm SL, Iran: Cheshmeh Ali.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF0BFF8DFF1F66E5FB9BD852" blockId="23.[151,1436,1705,2019]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,153,539]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">
The molecular phylogeny and results of four different molecular species delimitation methods published by
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FF4F6681FE50DFF6" author="Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Teimori, A. &amp; Zarei, F. &amp; Gholami, S." box="[151,398,1741,1767]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="0231717" refId="ref18541" refString="Esmaeili, H. R., Teimori, A., Zarei, F. &amp; Gholami, S. (2020) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of the Old World toothcarps, family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). PLoS ONE, 15 (4), e 0231717. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0231717" type="journal article" year="2020">
Esmaeili
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FED96681FEE5DFF6" box="[257,315,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
strongly suggest that an excessive number of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FC436681FBC8DFF6" authority="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu, 2020" authorityName="Freyhof &amp; Yoğurtçuoğlu" authorityYear="2020" box="[923,1046,1741,1767]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FC436681FBC8DFF6" box="[923,1046,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Esmaeilius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations have been recognised as species.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FECF66BDFDCBDE1A" box="[279,533,1777,1803]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darabensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FECF66BDFDCBDE1A" box="[279,533,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">Esmaeilius darabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FDFC66BDFD7FDE1B" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1910" box="[548,673,1777,1802]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Cyprinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FDFC66BDFD7FDE1B" box="[548,673,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FD6866BDFC85DE1A" box="[688,859,1777,1803]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isfahanensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FD6866BDFC85DE1A" box="[688,859,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. isfahanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FCB266BDFC0ADE1A" box="[874,980,1777,1803]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shirini">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FCB266BDFC0ADE1A" box="[874,980,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. shirini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FBCB66BDFB41DE1A" box="[1043,1183,1777,1803]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vladykovi">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FBCB66BDFB41DE1A" box="[1043,1183,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. vladykovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were supported by all four methods, but
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FEB16759FE2BDE3E" box="[361,501,1813,1839]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arakensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FEB16759FE2BDE3E" box="[361,501,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. arakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only supported by two methods while
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FC176759FBA7DE3E" box="[975,1145,1813,1839]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluristriatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FC176759FBA7DE3E" box="[975,1145,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. pluristriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is paraphyletic with only a single population supported by one method.
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FD7A6775FC4EDE42" author="Teimori, A. &amp; Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Gholami, Z. &amp; Zarei, N. &amp; Reichenbacher, B." box="[674,912,1849,1875]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="55 - 76" refId="ref21212" refString="Teimori, A., Esmaeili, H. R., Gholami, Z., Zarei, N. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. (2012) Aphanius arakensis, a new species of tooth-carp (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontidae) from the endorheic Namak Lake basin in Iran. Zookeys, 215, 55 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 215.1731" type="journal article" year="2012">
Teimori
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FCDA6775FCEADE42" box="[770,820,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FC446775FB4ADE42" author="Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Teimori, A. &amp; Gholami, Z. &amp; Zarei, N. &amp; Reichenbacher, B." box="[924,1172,1849,1875]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="58 - 67" refId="ref18309" refString="Esmaeili, H. R., Teimori, A., Gholami, Z., Zarei, N. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. (2012) Re-validation and re-description of an endemic and endangered species, Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), from southern Iran. Zootaxa, 3208 (1), 58 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3208.1.4" type="journal article" year="2012">
Esmaeili
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FBDE6775FBE6DE42" box="[1030,1080,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FB786775FA46DE42" author="Gholami, Z. &amp; Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Reichenbacher, B." box="[1184,1432,1849,1875]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="130 - 141" refId="ref19280" refString="Gholami, Z., Esmaeili, H. R., Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of Aphanius from the endorheic Kor River basin in the Zagros Mountains, southwestern Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 52, 130 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12052" type="journal article" year="2014">
Gholami
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FAD26775FAE2DE42" box="[1290,1340,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FF1F6711FE1DDE66" author="Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Teimori, A. &amp; Sayyadzadeh, G. &amp; Masoudi, M. &amp; Reichenbacher, B." box="[199,451,1885,1911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref18388" refString="Esmaeili, H. R., Teimori, A., Sayyadzadeh, G., Masoudi, M. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. (2014 a) Phylogenetic relationships of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the river systems of southern and south-western Iran based on mtDNA sequences. Zoology in the Middle East, 60 (1), 29 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2014.892329" type="journal article" year="2014">
Esmaeili
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FEE96711FEB4DE66" box="[305,362,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">et al.</emphasis>
(2014a
</bibRefCitation>
, b) find it difficult to clearly distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FC576711FBC4DE66" box="[911,1050,1885,1911]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arakensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FC576711FBC4DE66" box="[911,1050,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. arakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FBF16711FB67DE66" box="[1065,1209,1885,1911]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kavirensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FBF16711FB67DE66" box="[1065,1209,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. kavirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FB116711FA48DE67" box="[1225,1430,1885,1910]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FB116711FA48DE67" box="[1225,1430,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. mesopotamicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FF1167CDFEABDE8A" box="[201,373,1921,1947]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluristriatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FF1167CDFEABDE8A" box="[201,373,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. pluristriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF0BFF82FE6767CDFDE6DE8A" box="[447,568,1921,1947]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FE6767CDFDE6DE8A" box="[447,568,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">E. sophiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by morphology and used a series of vague or overlapping character states, while there is little molecular distance between them.
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF0BFF82FD2967E9FC3DDEAE" author="Gholami, Z. &amp; Teimori A. &amp; Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Schulz-Mirbach, T. &amp; Reichenbacher, B." box="[753,995,1957,1983]" pageId="23" pageNumber="444" pagination="467 - 490" refId="ref19355" refString="Gholami, Z., Teimori A., Esmaeili, H. R., Schulz-Mirbach, T. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. (2013) Scale surface microstructure and scale size in the tooth-carp genus Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae) from endorheic basins in Southwest Iran. Zootaxa, 3619 (4), 467 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3619.4.5" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gholami
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF0BFF82FC8267E9FC55DEAE" box="[858,907,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="444">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
recognised that geographic isolation of these species might have occurred in the Holocene, thus explaining the minor molecular differences. We recognise all four of these nominal species as populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFD0C60D6FC94D9A2" box="[724,842,153,179]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFD0C60D6FC94D9A2" box="[724,842,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">E. sophiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because they have largely been diagnosed by otolith shape, a character likely to vary between individual populations in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFBCA60F1FB4DD9C6" box="[1042,1171,189,215]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aphaniidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF04FF8DFB7B60F1FF0CD9EA" author="Schulz-Mirbach, T. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. &amp; Atalay, M. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="445" pagination="27 - 28" refId="ref21017" refString="Schulz-Mirbach, T., Reichenbacher, B., Yildirim. Z. &amp; Atalay, M. A. (2006) Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey). Journal of Natural History, 40, 27 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930600964498" type="journal article" year="2006">
Schulz-Mirbach
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFABA60F2FA4BD9C6" box="[1378,1429,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF04FF8DFF0660ADFDCDD9EA" author="Reichenbacher, B. &amp; Feulner, G. R. &amp; Schulz-Mirbach, T." box="[222,531,225,251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" pagination="469 - 484" refId="ref20773" refString="Reichenbacher, B., Feulner, G. R. &amp; Schulz-Mirbach, T. (2009 a) Geographic variation in otolith morphology among freshwater populations of Aphanius dispar (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from the southeastern Arabian Peninsula. Journal of Morphology, 270, 469 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10702" type="journal article" year="2009">
Reichenbacher
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFE5460AEFE60D9EA" box="[396,446,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF04FF8DFDDF60ADFDCDD9EA" author="Annabi, A. &amp; Said, K. &amp; Reichenbacher, B." box="[519,531,225,251]" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" pagination="269 - 279" refId="ref17639" refString="Annabi, A. Said, K. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. (2013) Inter-population differences in otolith morphology are genetically encoded in the killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Cyprinodontiformes). Scientia Marina, 77 (2), 269 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 03763.02 A" type="journal article" year="2013">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Annabi
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFDA060AEFD77D9EA" box="[632,681,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. 2013). The same might be true for scale surface microstructure as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF04FF8DFEF76149FDFDD80E" author="Gholami, Z. &amp; Teimori A. &amp; Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Schulz-Mirbach, T. &amp; Reichenbacher, B." box="[303,547,261,287]" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" pagination="467 - 490" refId="ref19355" refString="Gholami, Z., Teimori A., Esmaeili, H. R., Schulz-Mirbach, T. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. (2013) Scale surface microstructure and scale size in the tooth-carp genus Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae) from endorheic basins in Southwest Iran. Zootaxa, 3619 (4), 467 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3619.4.5" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gholami
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFE4F614AFE16D80E" box="[407,456,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
. We see no reason to treat
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFC91614AFC0CD80E" box="[841,978,261,287]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arakensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFC91614AFC0CD80E" box="[841,978,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">E. arakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFC38614AFBB1D80E" box="[992,1135,261,287]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kavirensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFC38614AFBB1D80E" box="[992,1135,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">E. kavirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFBA4614AFA96D80E" box="[1148,1352,262,287]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFBA4614AFA96D80E" box="[1148,1352,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">E. mesopotamicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFA5C614AFEFFD852" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluristriatus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFA5C614AFEFFD852" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">E. pluristriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct species and therefore, we synonymise them with
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFC1F6166FB9BD852" box="[967,1093,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFC1F6166FB9FD852" box="[967,1089,297,323]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">E. sophiae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736C2DF04FF8DFF1F6101FB35DB0A" blockId="24.[151,1437,153,539]" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">
It must be noted that we fully support distinguishing species with little or no molecular separation, provided they can be clearly distinguished by non-overlapping morphological characters, including colour pattern, and by patterns in their independent evolutionary histories. The same can be said for morphologically-congruous popula- tions separated by deep molecular differences. Such cryptic species are uncommon, but
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFB5F61F6FAFCD8C2" box="[1159,1314,441,467]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darabensis">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFB5F61F6FAFCD8C2" box="[1159,1314,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">E. darabensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be a genuine example.
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF04FF8DFE466191FD42D8E6" author="Esmaeili, H. R. &amp; Teimori, A. &amp; Gholami, Z. &amp; Reichenbacher, B." box="[414,668,477,503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" pagination="246 - 268" refId="ref18468" refString="Esmaeili, H. R., Teimori, A., Gholami, Z. &amp; Reichenbacher, B. (2014 b) Two new species of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) and the evolutionary history of the Iranian inland and inland-related Aphanius species. Zootaxa, 3786 (3), 246 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3786.3.2" type="journal article" year="2014">
Esmaeili
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFDD16192FD9CD8E6" box="[521,578,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">et al.</emphasis>
(2014
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B33DF04FF8DFD566191FD42D8E6" author="Yogurtcuoglu, B. &amp; Freyhof, J." box="[654,668,477,503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref22000" refString="Yogurtcuoglu, B. &amp; Freyhof, J. (2020) Fish occurrence database of the family Aphaniidae. Freshwater Metadata Journal, 48, 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.15504 / fmj. 2020.48" type="journal article" year="2020">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2020) suggested that it is most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFB016192FA88D8E6" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1910" box="[1241,1366,478,503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Cyprinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFB016192FA88D8E6" box="[1241,1366,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">E. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it is well distinguished by colour pattern, while it is morphologically identical to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D41DF04FF8DFBB5624EFB3DDB0A" box="[1133,1251,513,539]" class="Actinopteri" family="Aphaniidae" genus="Esmaeilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sophiae">
<emphasis id="B96CEAD0DF04FF8DFBB5624EFB3DDB0A" box="[1133,1251,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="445">E. sophiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>