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<mods:title id="1615479D52E7813038A3153344143CA0">The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0EF81D7FFB3FFFCCFA7F8FCFAA24F46" box="[960,1319,1852,1876]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="232" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFB3FFFCCFA7F8FCFAA24F46" bold="true" box="[960,1319,1852,1876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFB3FFFCCFA7F8FCFB3C4F46" authority="sect. Quercus" box="[960,1209,1852,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="232" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Quercus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFB3FFFCCFA7F8FCFB984F46" bold="true" box="[960,1053,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="232">Quercus</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFB3FFFCC83BF8FCFB3C4F46" bold="true" box="[1116,1209,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="232">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. indet.
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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Text-fig.
<quantity id="4CE09B5EFFB3FFFCC8F0F89DFB344F67" box="[1175,1201,1885,1909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="232" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFB3FFFCCF3DF86DFB6A4FD6" blockId="15.[858,1263,1964,1988]" box="[858,1263,1964,1988]" pageId="15" pageNumber="232">M a t e r i a l. Oriolo MSF 658, 658-1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFB3FFFCCF3DF81CFBCF4021" blockId="15.[820,1459,2011,2100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="232">
D e s c r i p t i o n. Acorn,
<quantity id="4CE09B5EFFB3FFFCC81EF81BFB4F4FE1" box="[1145,1226,2011,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CE09B5EFFB3FFFCC97DF81BFAEE4FE1" box="[1306,1387,2011,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
wide, oblong-elliptic in outline, with furrows running parallel with the long axis of the acorn.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF676633FFACFFE3CCF4F885FA034F86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167885/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" startId="16.[147,228,1861,1882]" targetBox="[147,1462,151,1845]" targetPageId="16">
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Text-fig. 8. ae:
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<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CD5DF885FE0B4F48" bold="true" box="[314,398,1861,1882]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Quercus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CDD9F885FE734F48" bold="true" box="[446,502,1861,1882]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. a: Cup, Oriolo MSF 984. b: Cup, Oriolo MSF 982. c: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 689. d: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 659. e: Oriolo MSF 657. f:
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFACFFE3CD92F8A2FCE94F65" authority="Oriolo MSF" authorityName="Oriolo MSF" box="[501,876,1890,1911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CD92F8A2FDCC4F65" bold="true" box="[501,585,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Quercus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CE18F8A2FD614F65" bold="true" box="[639,740,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">pubescens</emphasis>
Oriolo MSF
</taxonomicName>
688. g:
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFACFFE3CFAFF8A2FB354F65" authority="sect. Quercus" box="[968,1200,1890,1911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Quercus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CFAFF8A2FB994F65" bold="true" box="[968,1052,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Quercus</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3C83BF8A2FB354F65" bold="true" box="[1116,1200,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
acorn, Oriolo MSF 658. hj:
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFACFFE3CCA4F8BFFEE44F86" box="[195,353,1919,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CCA4F8BFFEE44F86" bold="true" box="[195,353,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Quercus iberica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. h: Oriolo MSF 694. i: Oriolo MSF 639. j: Oriolo MSF 698. Scale bars 10 mm (a, b, g), 50 mm (cf, hj).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFACFFE3CCC1F80DFC85401A" blockId="16.[166,768,1996,2021]" lastBlockId="16.[129,768,2032,2056]" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">
R e m a r k s. Acorns of this
<typeStatus id="54A38819FFACFFE3CDB7F80DFE7B4FF7" box="[464,510,1997,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">type</typeStatus>
are produced by several western Eurasian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFACFFE3CDD2F831FD22401A" authority="sect. Quercus" box="[437,679,2033,2056]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Quercus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CDD2F831FD8B401A" box="[437,526,2033,2056]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Quercus</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CE29F831FD22401A" box="[590,679,2033,2056]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFACFFE3CED0F831FC85401A" box="[695,768,2032,2056]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CED0F831FD4F401A" box="[695,714,2033,2056]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CEBEF830FC85401A" box="[729,768,2032,2056]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">ilex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFACFFE3CCE7F7D5FD0C403E" blockId="16.[128,649,2068,2092]" box="[128,649,2068,2092]" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">
L., 1753, and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFACFFE3CD72F7D5FE1D403E" box="[277,408,2068,2092]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CD72F7D5FEAD403E" box="[277,296,2069,2092]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CD52F7D4FE1D403E" box="[309,408,2068,2092]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">coccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 1753, of sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFACFFE3CE3DF7D4FD07403E" box="[602,642,2068,2092]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CE3DF7D4FD07403E" box="[602,642,2068,2092]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Ilex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFACFFE3CFD9F80CFAD24FF6" blockId="16.[958,1367,1995,2048]" box="[958,1367,1995,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFACFFE3CFD9F80CFAD24FF6" authority="WILLD., 1796" authorityName="WILLD." authorityYear="1796" box="[958,1367,1995,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CFD9F80CFAD24FF6" bold="true" box="[958,1367,1995,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3CFD9F80CFB9E4FF6" bold="true" box="[958,1051,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Quercus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFACFFE3C829F80BFB3A4FF1" bold="true" box="[1102,1215,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">pubescens</emphasis>
WILLD., 1796
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFACFFE3C829F828FB434012" blockId="16.[958,1367,1995,2048]" box="[1102,1222,2024,2048]" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">
<figureCitation id="13232A3EFFACFFE3C829F828FB434012" box="[1102,1222,2024,2048]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="16.[147,228,1861,1882]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-65@16.[147,1462,151,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Text-fig. 8. ae: Quercus aff. cerris. a: Cup, Oriolo MSF 984. b: Cup, Oriolo MSF 982. c: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 689. d: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 659. e: Oriolo MSF 657. f: Quercus aff. pubescens Oriolo MSF 688. g: Quercus sect. Quercus acorn, Oriolo MSF 658. hj: Quercus iberica. h: Oriolo MSF 694. i: Oriolo MSF 639. j: Oriolo MSF 698. Scale bars 10 mm (a, b, g), 50 mm (cf, hj)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167885/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">Text-fig. 8f</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFACFFE3CF16F7D5FAF7403E" blockId="16.[881,1394,2068,2092]" box="[881,1394,2068,2092]" pageId="16" pageNumber="233">M a t e r i a l. Oriolo MSF 633, 688,?697,?701.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFADFFE2CCF7FF58FD5F48FD" blockId="17.[106,745,151,239]" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">
D e s c r i p t i o n. Leaf, simple, petiolate, lamina elliptic,
<quantity id="4CE09B5EFFADFFE2CC0DFF77FF5848DD" box="[106,221,183,207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="56.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="50.0">5062 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CE09B5EFFADFFE2CD45FF77FE1048DD" box="[290,405,183,207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">2530 mm</quantity>
wide, shallowly lobed, number of lobes 56, base cordate, auriculate, apex rounded acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736BBFFADFFE2CCF7FEC7FE204A2D" blockId="17.[106,745,263,575]" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">
R e m a r k s. The distinction between
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFADFFE2CEE8FEC7FF5D492D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CEE8FEC7FF5D492D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">Quercus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFADFFE2CD6DFEE7FEFE492C" box="[266,379,295,318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CD6DFEE7FE98492C" box="[266,285,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CD4DFEE7FEFE492C" box="[298,379,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">petraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. is not straightforward.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFADFFE2CEE8FEE7FF5D494D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CEE8FEE7FF5D494D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">Quercus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves commonly have a cordate or auriculate base and broadly rounded lobe apices. In Europe,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFADFFE2CE10FEA7FD6D496C" box="[631,744,359,382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CE10FEA7FD0F496C" box="[631,650,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CEF0FEA7FD6D496C" box="[663,744,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">petraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves never have a cordate base, and lobes are rounded triangular. However, eastern populations of the closely related
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFADFFE2CCD9FE07FE5249CD" authority="M. BIEB., 1808" authorityName="M. BIEB." authorityYear="1808" box="[190,471,455,479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CCD9FE07FF5449CC" box="[190,209,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CC84FE07FEAA49CD" box="[227,303,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">iberica</emphasis>
M.BIEB., 1808
</taxonomicName>
(syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFADFFE2CE44FE07FE2D49ED" authority="(SCHUR) SOO, 1943" authorityName="SOO" authorityYear="1943" baseAuthorityName="SCHUR" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="petraea" subSpecies="polycarpa">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CE44FE07FDB349CC" box="[547,566,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CE2FFE07FD1C49CC" box="[584,665,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">petraea</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CC0DFE27FF5349ED" box="[106,214,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">polycarpa</emphasis>
(SCHUR) SOÓ, 1943
</taxonomicName>
) commonly have cordate leaf bases, but differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D38FFADFFE2CD3BFDC7FE694A0D" box="[348,492,519,543]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CD3BFDC7FEEA4A0C" box="[348,367,519,542]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">Q</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA9FFADFFE2CD19FDC7FE694A0D" box="[382,492,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="234">pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their higher number of secondary veins and lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>