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<document id="37B504395570DD9F8FAFC998F67AED47" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3835.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c186d62-7338-42fd-9b16-baeb525a991f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228045" ID-ZooBank="55CF6CD3-B628-40F3-92F2-DFA48D6966A7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460456983276" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Acevedo, Fernando, Badano, Davide &amp; Monserrat, Víctor J." docDate="2014" docId="03B187A4FF9DC661FF1BFB1AFE99FCAA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03835p370.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3835 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tricholeon relictus Holzel &amp; Monserrat 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="369" masterDocId="FF88FFDCFF9CC664FF8CFFA8FFAEFFF7" masterDocTitle="The larva of Tricholeon relictus Hölzel &amp; Monserrat, 2002 a synanthropic antlion (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="364" pageNumber="365" updateTime="1698302360672" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FA62E202AFBD8D269FBBE5FFBFE7D77C">The larva of Tricholeon relictus Hölzel &amp; Monserrat, 2002 a synanthropic antlion (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C33690602E15BE8144052DA46BC0432B">Acevedo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0CECBFD7CAF2A2B07E24FD90E839F3C4">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="949EC2AAB5B7FD3671BD58A74AD1F7D1">Monserrat, Víctor J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B187A4FF9DC661FF1BFB1AFE99FCAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136517" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119511295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6136517" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187A4FF9DC661FF1BFB1AFE99FCAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187A4FF9DC661FF1BFB1AFE99FCAA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<subSubSection id="C3026539FF9DC665FF1BFB1AFEBCFB1A" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF9DC665FF1BFB1AFD67FB3B" blockId="1.[151,713,1202,1261]" box="[151,713,1202,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<heading id="D0EF81DEFF9DC665FF1BFB1AFD67FB3B" bold="true" box="[151,713,1202,1228]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9DC665FF1BFB1AFD67FB3B" ID-CoL="7D45Y" authority="Holzel &amp; Monserrat, 2002" authorityName="Holzel &amp; Monserrat" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,713,1202,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FF1BFB1AFD67FB3B" bold="true" box="[151,713,1202,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FF1BFB1AFED3FB3B" bold="true" box="[151,381,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Tricholeon relictus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF9DC665FE0FFB1AFD67FB3B" author="Holzel" box="[387,713,1202,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" refString="Holzel, H. &amp; Monserrat, V. J. (2002) Tricholeon relictus nov. sp. - ein neuer europaischer Ameisenlowe (Neuropterida: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 34, 1151 - 1154." type="journal article" year="2002">
Hölzel &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9DC665FE76FB1AFD2FFB3B" box="[506,641,1202,1228]" name="Montserrat" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF9DC665FF1BFB7CFEBCFB1A" blockId="1.[151,713,1202,1261]" box="[151,274,1236,1261]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">(Figs. 1–4)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026539FF9DC665FF1BFAB4FBECFA32" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF9DC665FF1BFAB4FBECFA32" blockId="1.[151,1437,1308,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FF1BFAB4FE34FAC2" bold="true" box="[151,410,1308,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Examined specimens.</emphasis>
S
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9DC665FE30FAB4FE51FAC2" box="[444,511,1308,1333]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9DC665FD80FAB4FDC1FAC2" box="[524,623,1308,1333]" name="Grenada" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Granada</collectingCountry>
: La Herradura, Punta de la Mona, 4 first instar larvae obtained from a female collected
<date id="FFA61072FF9DC665FED7FAE9FE41FAAE" box="[347,495,1345,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" value="2011-08-24">24.VIII.2011</date>
, born
<date id="FFA61072FF9DC665FDB5FAE9FD16FAAE" box="[569,696,1345,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" value="2011-09-11">11.IX.2011</date>
, F. Acevedo &amp; V. J.
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9DC665FC20FAE9FBB1FAAF" box="[940,1055,1345,1368]" name="Montserrat" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
leg.; same locality, 2 third instar larvae and 1 second instar larva laboratory-reared to the third instar, reached
<date id="FFA61072FF9DC665FB88FACDFB29FA8A" box="[1028,1159,1381,1405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" value="2013-09-10">10.IX.2013</date>
, D. Badano, F. Acevedo and V. J.
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9DC665FE87FA21FED0FA57" box="[267,382,1417,1440]" name="Montserrat" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
leg.; same locality, 5 first instar larvae obtained from a female collected
<date id="FFA61072FF9DC665FB6BFA21FAF7FA56" box="[1255,1369,1417,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" value="2013-08">VIII.2013</date>
, born
<date id="FFA61072FF9DC665FF1BFA05FEB7FA32" box="[151,281,1453,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" value="2013-09-19">19.IX.2013</date>
, F. Acevedo and V. J.
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9DC665FD9DFA05FD2AFA33" box="[529,644,1453,1476]" name="Montserrat" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
leg., presently kept in their natural site.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3026539FF9DC661FF4BFA7BFE99FCAA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF9DC665FF4BFA7BFC17F968" blockId="1.[151,1437,1308,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FF4BFA7BFD98FA1B" bold="true" box="[199,566,1488,1516]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Description of 3rd instar larva.</emphasis>
Medium sized antlion larva (Table 1). General colouring very pale, whitish (Fig. 1), dorsal side of head capsule very pale ochre with a dark area in proximity of the base of the mandible and with small median markings on the clypeo-labrum and after the frontal sutures, a further pair of small markings are present in the occipital area (Fig. 2), ventral side of the head unmarked (Fig. 3), ocular tubercles black, mandibles dark reddish brown, setae on the dorsal side of the body and on the setiferous processes black while the setae disposed on the lateral and ventral sides are mainly pale brown (Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF9DC665FF1BF97AFC50F8BE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1744,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FF1BF97AFEA3F91E" bold="true" box="[151,269,1746,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Average size measurements (mm) of examined 3rd instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9DC665FC70F97AFB67F91E" box="[1020,1225,1746,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FC70F97AFB67F91E" box="[1020,1225,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Tricholeon relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD3BFF9DC665FB57F97AFACAF91E" box="[1243,1380,1746,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9DC665FF1BF95AFE31F8FE" box="[151,415,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FF1BF95AFE31F8FE" box="[151,415,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">Dendroleon pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D1EFD3BFF9DC665FE3EF95AFD91F8FE" box="[434,575,1778,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
). The size range (min–max) of sclerotized body parts is reported after mean. Abbreviations: body length (excluding mandibles) BL, head length HL, head width HW, mandible length ML, ratio head capsule width/length HW/HL, ratio mandible length/head capsule length ML/HL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF9DC665FE09F8CDFA94F83A" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<table id="F918C412FF9D399BFF13F8CCFAF2F83A" box="[159,1372,1892,1997]" gridcols="7" gridrows="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<tr id="352834F0FF9D399BFF13F8CCFAF2F88D" box="[159,1372,1892,1914]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFE09F8CCFE10F88D" box="[389,446,1892,1914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">BL</th>
<th id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFE7BF8CCFD0EF88D" box="[503,672,1892,1914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">HL</th>
<th id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFD5CF8CCFCD7F88D" box="[720,889,1892,1914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">HW</th>
<th id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFC20F8CCFBFAF88D" box="[940,1108,1892,1914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">ML</th>
<th id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFBF3F8CCFB7FF88D" box="[1151,1233,1892,1914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">HW/HL</th>
<th id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFA82F8CCFAF2F88D" box="[1294,1372,1892,1914]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">ML/HL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352834F0FF9D399BFF13F826FAF2F853" box="[159,1372,1934,1956]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<th id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFF13F826FE99F853" box="[159,311,1934,1956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9DC665FF13F827FEADF853" box="[159,259,1934,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FF13F827FEADF853" box="[159,259,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFE09F826FE10F853" box="[389,446,1934,1956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">10.60</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFE7BF826FD0EF853" box="[503,672,1934,1956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">2.09 (2.02–2.15)</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFD5CF826FCD7F853" box="[720,889,1934,1956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">1.90 (1.82–1.95)</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFC20F826FBFAF853" box="[940,1108,1934,1956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">1.95 (1.85–2.15)</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFBF3F826FB7FF853" box="[1151,1233,1934,1956]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">0.90</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFA82F826FAF2F853" box="[1294,1372,1934,1956]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">0.93</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352834F0FF9D399BFF13F81FFAF2F83A" box="[159,1372,1975,1997]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<th id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFF13F81FFE99F83A" box="[159,311,1975,1997]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9DC665FF13F810FE99F83A" box="[159,311,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9DC665FF13F810FE99F83A" box="[159,311,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFE09F81FFE10F83A" box="[389,446,1975,1997]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">11.00</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFE7BF81FFD0EF83A" box="[503,672,1975,1997]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">2.32–2.49</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFD5CF81FFCD7F83A" box="[720,889,1975,1997]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">1.9–2.01</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFC20F81FFBFAF83A" box="[940,1108,1975,1997]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">1.79–2.01</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFBF3F81FFB7FF83A" box="[1151,1233,1975,1997]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">0.82</td>
<td id="76F95D8CFF9D399BFA82F81FFAF2F83A" box="[1294,1372,1975,1997]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="365">0.79</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF9EC666FF1BF80FFD51F82B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1956,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9EC666FF1BF80FFEBCF84B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1959,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9EC666FE9BF80FFD46F84A" authority="Holzel &amp; Monserrat, 2002" authorityName="Holzel &amp; Monserrat" authorityYear="2002" box="[279,744,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9EC666FE9BF80FFE78F84A" box="[279,470,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="366">Tricholeon relictus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF9EC666FE50F80FFD46F84A" author="Holzel" box="[476,744,1959,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="366" refString="Holzel, H. &amp; Monserrat, V. J. (2002) Tricholeon relictus nov. sp. - ein neuer europaischer Ameisenlowe (Neuropterida: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 34, 1151 - 1154." type="journal article" year="2002">
Hölzel &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9EC666FDB3F800FD04F84A" box="[575,682,1960,1981]" name="Montserrat" pageId="2" pageNumber="366">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 3rd instar larva, live specimen (
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9EC666FBA9F80FFBCDF84A" box="[1061,1123,1959,1981]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="366">Spain</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9EC666FBE1F80FFB6BF84A" box="[1133,1221,1959,1981]" name="Grenada" pageId="2" pageNumber="366">Granada</collectingCountry>
, La Herradura, Punta de la Mona). A: dorsal view, B: ventral view, C: lateral view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF9FC667FF1BF82AFD25F803" blockId="3.[151,1437,1919,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FF1BF82AFE92F86F" bold="true" box="[151,316,1922,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">FIGURES 2–7.</emphasis>
Morphological comparisons between 3rd instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9FC667FC1DF82BFAC1F86E" authority="Holzel &amp; Monserrat, 2002" authorityName="Holzel &amp; Monserrat" authorityYear="2002" box="[913,1391,1923,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FC1DF82BFBFDF86E" box="[913,1107,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">Tricholeon relictus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF9FC667FBD0F82BFAC1F86E" author="Holzel" box="[1116,1391,1923,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" refString="Holzel, H. &amp; Monserrat, V. J. (2002) Tricholeon relictus nov. sp. - ein neuer europaischer Ameisenlowe (Neuropterida: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 34, 1151 - 1154." type="journal article" year="2002">
Hölzel &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF9FC667FB48F82CFA81F86E" box="[1220,1327,1924,1945]" name="Montserrat" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9FC667FF1BF809FDE7F840" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[151,585,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FF1BF809FE21F840" box="[151,399,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">Dendroleon pantherinus</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1787)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FDDFF809FDC8F841" bold="true" box="[595,614,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9FC667FDE1F80AFD7CF840" box="[621,722,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FDE1F80AFD7CF840" box="[621,722,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view of the head.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FC51F809FC5EF841" bold="true" box="[989,1008,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9FC667FC7BF80AFBF2F840" box="[1015,1116,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FC7BF80AFBF2F840" box="[1015,1116,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view of the head.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FAE3F809FA2CF841" bold="true" box="[1391,1410,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9FC667FA05F80AFF4CF821" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FA05F80AFF4CF821" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, VIII and IX urites.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FE4CF868FE7DF822" bold="true" box="[448,467,1984,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9FC667FE51F869FDD6F821" box="[477,632,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FE51F869FDD6F821" box="[477,632,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view of the head.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FC03F868FC0CF822" bold="true" box="[911,930,1984,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9FC667FC20F869FBE9F821" box="[940,1095,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FC20F869FBE9F821" box="[940,1095,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view of the head.
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FAEBF868FAD7F822" bold="true" box="[1383,1401,1984,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF9FC667FA0FF869FEBEF803" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF9FC667FA0FF869FEBEF803" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="367">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, VIII and IX urites. Scale bar:
<quantity id="4CE09B57FF9FC667FDC6F876FD26F803" box="[586,648,2014,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C660FF4BFF3FFB6CFE70" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BFF3FFEA5FF47" box="[199,267,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Head.</emphasis>
Sub-rectangular in shape, longer than wide (Figs. 2, 3); anterior margin of the labrum with a small median incision; antennae very long and thin, composed by at least 14 flagellomeres; dorsal side of the head covered with dolichasters, paler in proximity of the mouthparts; mandible upturned but relatively straight, similar in length to the head capsule, equipped with 3 pairs of comparatively large teeth; 2–3 pseudo-teeth interspersed with at least 4 dolichasters between the base of the mandible and the basal tooth, 0–2 setae between the basal and median teeth, no setae between the median and apical teeth; external margin of the mandible with a group of stout setae at the base; labial palps elongated, basal segment covered by brown dolichasters (Fig. 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C660FF4BFE3CFB11FDEF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BFE3CFE8EFE5A" box="[199,288,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Thorax.</emphasis>
Pronotum covered with sparse and relatively stout pale brown setae (Fig. 2); mesothoracic spiracles not borne on tubercle; mesonotum with a conspicuous median tuft of hair-like, pale brown setae (Fig. 2), in live specimens a clot of sand grains is retained at its apex; mesothoracic setiferous processes pedunculated, of which the first pair is particularly elongated, metathoracic setiferous processes sub-pedunculated (Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C660FF4BFD8DFBBEFDCA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1040,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BFD8DFEADFDCB" box="[199,259,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Legs.</emphasis>
Pale in colour, covered with black and stout setae on the ventral side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C660FF4BFDEFFC03FD5F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BFDEFFE96FD97" box="[199,312,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Dorsal series of setiferous processes bearing stout black setae; abdominal spiracles very small, not prominent; ventral side of the abdomen covered with light brown hair-like setae; IX abdominal sternite longer than wide, covered with long setae interspersed with hair-like ones (Fig. 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C660FF4BFD1CFF5FFCCF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BFD1CFDCFFD3A" bold="true" box="[199,609,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Differences between larval instars.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF98C660FDEBFD1CFD28FD3B" box="[615,646,692,716]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">As</collectingCountry>
typical of myrmeleontid larvae, striking morphological differences are not observable between the first and later instars excluding size, therefore the diagnostic characters are always evident. Anyway the first instar larva is covered with a much sparser setation and the body cuticle is remarkably hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C660FF4BFCECFA33FA6A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BFCECFE20FCAA" bold="true" box="[199,398,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FE18FCEDFDAEFCAA" box="[404,512,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FE18FCEDFDAEFCAA" box="[404,512,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Spanish endemism so far only known for a small coastal area characterized by a very mild and relatively humid climate, situated south of
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF98C660FCBEFCCFFC3BFC77" box="[818,917,871,896]" name="Grenada" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Granada</collectingCountry>
: La Herradura and the neighbouring mount of Cerro Gordo. The
<typeStatus id="54A38810FF98C660FEE9FC25FE3BFC52" box="[357,405,909,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species is the residential area of Punta de la Mona in La Herradura, a hill site with sparse buildings interspersed with extensive gardens and remnants of the original Mediterranean vegetation, composed by open woods of Aleppo pine with thick undergrowth. The larvae were collected in the foundations of a house located in this site, in a peculiar situation resembling a cave, as this room communicates with the exterior only by small openings thus creating a dark, moist and warm microhabitat characterized by constant conditions (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF98C660FF12FBE8FEF2FBAF" author="Monserrat" box="[158,348,1088,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" refString="Monserrat, V. J. (2010) Nuevas o interesantes citas de neuropteros en la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta: Neuroptera), Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia, 10 (1), 19 - 34." type="journal article" year="2010">
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF98C660FF12FBE8FEBDFBAF" box="[158,275,1088,1112]" name="Montserrat" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF98C660FEE1FBE8FD12FBAF" author="Monserrat" box="[365,700,1087,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" refString="Monserrat, V. J. &amp; Acevedo, F. (2011) Nuevos datos sobre las hormigas leon de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta: Neuroptera): Myrmeleontidae. Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia, 11 (1), 123 - 136." type="journal article" year="2011">
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF98C660FEE1FBE8FE4EFBA0" box="[365,480,1088,1111]" name="Montserrat" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
&amp; Acevedo 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Despite the obvious artificial origin of this place, a notable resemblance to the natural caves of the area is evident in the geological substratum and overall characteristics. The foundations harbor a rich fauna of synanthropic arthropods of which some represent potential prey for
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FAAFFB2FFA35FB57" box="[1315,1435,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FAAFFB2FFA35FB57" box="[1315,1435,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Tricholeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae such as: Isopoda Oniscoidea, Collembola Arthropleona,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FCE4FB05FC46FB32" box="[872,1000,1197,1221]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Zygentoma</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FC7CFB04FABBFB33" authority="Psocoptera" authorityName="Psocoptera" box="[1008,1301,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Lepismatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zygentoma" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepismatidae, Psocoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FAADFB04FA32FB32" box="[1313,1436,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FF1BFB67FE8DFB1F" box="[151,291,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Lathridiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lathridiidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FEA3FB67FE18FB1F" box="[303,438,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FE33FB67FD8EFB1F" box="[447,544,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tineidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FDD5FB79FD5CFB1E" box="[601,754,1233,1257]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FD76FB67FCD4FB1F" box="[762,890,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
while Diplopoda and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FBF5FB67FB5AFB1F" box="[1145,1268,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FB70FB67FA32FB1F" box="[1276,1436,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenebrionidae</taxonomicName>
are improbable due to their hard cuticles; various cohabiting predators have been observed, including Chilopoda
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FF1BFABFFE88FAC7" box="[151,294,1303,1328]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scutigeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scutigeromorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutigeridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FEBDFAB0FE20FAC7" box="[305,398,1304,1328]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FE1AFABFFDB8FAC7" box="[406,534,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dysderidae</taxonomicName>
and Scythodidae, Opilionida,
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FCE0FABFFC49FAC7" box="[876,999,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FC62FABFFBCEFAC7" box="[1006,1120,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FB1BFAB1FA81FAC6" box="[1175,1327,1305,1329]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FABBFABFFE54FAA3" authority="Monserrat &amp; Acevedo 2011" authorityName="Monserrat &amp; Acevedo" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Vespidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF98C660FF12FA94FE5CFAA3" author="Monserrat" box="[158,498,1340,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" refString="Monserrat, V. J. &amp; Acevedo, F. (2011) Nuevos datos sobre las hormigas leon de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta: Neuroptera): Myrmeleontidae. Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia, 11 (1), 123 - 136." type="journal article" year="2011">
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF98C660FF12FA94FEBDFAA3" box="[158,275,1340,1364]" name="Montserrat" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
&amp; Acevedo 2011
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FD56FA95FCE1FAA2" box="[730,847,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FD56FA95FCE1FAA2" box="[730,847,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this site, though apparently surprising, is not occasional as it is confirmed by 21 empty cocoons discovered. Despite accurate field research the larvae have still not been detected in the natural caves of the area, as potentially suggested by the ecology of the African congeners.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C660FF4BFA0FFE33F9A7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BFA0FFE07FA37" bold="true" box="[199,425,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Behavioural notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FE38FA0FFD82FA37" box="[436,556,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FE38FA0FFD82FA37" box="[436,556,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Tricholeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae are ambush predators as the other members of the tribe. The larvae usually lay where the dust layer is thin, allowing to anchor themselves to the substrate and enhancing their camouflage covering the body with soil debris. They are normally very motionless, often remaining immobile for long periods in laboratory conditions and they are able to feign death for several minutes if disturbed, nevertheless they are agile climbers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C660FF4BF9F4FF70F862" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BF9F4FE77F982" bold="true" box="[199,473,1628,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Comparative remarks.</emphasis>
The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FD0FF9F4FD55F982" box="[643,763,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FD0FF9F4FD55F982" box="[643,763,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Tricholeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show the typical set of characters of most
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FB67F9F4FA37F982" box="[1259,1433,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dendroleontini">Dendroleontini</taxonomicName>
: upturned mandibles, small but prominent ocular tubercles, mesothoracic tuft of hair-like setae and elongated IX abdominal sternite. The larval stages of southern African species
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FCF8F90DFC45F94A" box="[884,1003,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtellus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FCF8F90DFC45F94A" box="[884,1003,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">T. hirtellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FBAFF90DFB34F94B" box="[1059,1178,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FBAFF90DFB34F94B" box="[1059,1178,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">T. nigripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from the closely related genera
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FECFF96FFE66F917" box="[323,456,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FECFF96FFE66F917" box="[323,456,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Dendroleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FD89F96FFD27F917" box="[517,649,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Cymothales" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FD89F96FFD27F917" box="[517,649,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Cymothales</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the very long and thin anterior mesothoracic setiferous process (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF98C660FF12F944FE93F8F3" author="Mansell" box="[158,317,1772,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" refString="Mansell, M. W. (1988) The Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera) of southern Africa: Genus Tricholeon Esben-Petersen. Neuroptera International, 5, 45 - 55." type="journal article" year="1988">Mansell 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF98C660FEC5F944FE77F8F3" author="Stange" box="[329,473,1772,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" refString="Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565." type="journal article" year="2004">Stange 2004</bibRefCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF98C660FD0AF944FC89F8F3" author="Stange" box="[646,807,1772,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" refString="Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565." type="journal article" year="2004">Stange (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, they are also distinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FB3BF944FA92F8F2" box="[1207,1340,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FB3BF944FA92F8F2" box="[1207,1340,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Dendroleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the median tooth of the mandible is shorter than mandibular width at its insertion. Remarkably the larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FA0BF8B9FF44F8BA" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FA0BF8B9FF44F8BA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much more similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FD8DF89CFD28F8BA" box="[513,646,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FD8DF89CFD28F8BA" box="[513,646,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Dendroleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to African congeners in both characters, as the anterior setiferous process is no more than three times longer than wide and the median tooth is noticeably longer than mandibular width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF98C661FF4BF808FC0AFD5F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,861]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FF4BF808FD68F84E" bold="true" box="[199,710,1951,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">
Comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FE2DF837FD11F84F" box="[417,703,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FE2DF837FD11F84F" bold="true" box="[417,703,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">Dendroleon pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF98C660FD43F809FCD4F84E" box="[719,890,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF98C660FD43F809FCD4F84E" box="[719,890,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="368">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species in central and southern Europe, though generally highly localized. Notably this antlion has never been reported from the Iberian Peninsula despite its presence there is actually possible, especially in the northern half, as suggested by the presence of this species in Mediterranean woody biotopes in
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF99C661FD05FF14FD12FF22" box="[649,700,188,213]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF99C661FD47FF14FB7CFF22" author="Badano" box="[715,1234,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" refString="Badano, D. &amp; Pantaleoni, R. A. (2014) The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae. Zootaxa, 3762 (1), 1 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3762.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Badano &amp; Pantaleoni 2014; Badano pers. obs.</bibRefCitation>
). The larva of this species remained poorly known despite its early description (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF99C661FCD2FF48FC5EFF0F" author="Brauer" box="[862,1008,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" refString="Brauer, F. (1867) Beschreibung und Verwandlung des Dendroleon pantherinus Fbr. und Vergleich der bis jetzt bekannten Myrmeleoniden- und Ascalaphiden-Larven. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 963 - 966." type="journal article" year="1867">Brauer 1867</bibRefCitation>
) and it has been deeply treated only recently by
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF99C661FEADFEACFDC1FEEB" author="Badano" box="[289,623,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" refString="Badano, D. &amp; Pantaleoni, R. A. (2014) The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae. Zootaxa, 3762 (1), 1 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3762.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Badano &amp; Pantaleoni (2014)</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectingCountry id="F30F7622FF99C661FDF0FEACFD35FEEB" box="[636,667,260,284]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">As</collectingCountry>
underlined above, the larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FB9BFEADFB28FEEA" box="[1047,1158,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FB9BFEADFB28FEEA" box="[1047,1158,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FB49FEADFADEFEEA" box="[1221,1392,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FB49FEADFADEFEEA" box="[1221,1392,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are noticeably similar in overall morphology, differing in relatively minor details.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FB94FE81FB6CFEB7" box="[1048,1218,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FB94FE81FB6CFEB7" box="[1048,1218,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a proportionally larger species than
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FEFDFEE5FE4FFE92" box="[369,481,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FEFDFEE5FE4FFE92" box="[369,481,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it is also evident in the dimensions of the larvae (Table 1).
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FB36FEE5FA87FE92" box="[1210,1321,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FB36FEE5FA87FE92" box="[1210,1321,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is instead characterized by comparatively stouter jaws. In
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FD3CFED9FCF6FE7F" box="[688,856,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FD3CFED9FCF6FE7F" box="[688,856,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one interdental mandibular seta is present between the median and apical teeth (Fig. 5) while it is always absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FCEAFE3DFC7BFE5A" box="[870,981,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FCEAFE3DFC7BFE5A" box="[870,981,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Regarding body colouring both species are very pale, whitish antlion larvae but in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FDF8FE11FCB2FE27" box="[628,796,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FDF8FE11FCB2FE27" box="[628,796,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the head capsule is much more pigmented, with a typical reddish hue (Figs. 5, 6) while
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FE68FE75FDFEFE02" box="[484,592,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FE68FE75FDFEFE02" box="[484,592,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows median dark markings in the anterior part (Fig. 2). The colour of the setae is diagnostic: in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FE1CFDA9FD97FDEF" box="[400,569,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FE1CFDA9FD97FDEF" box="[400,569,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all the setae of the body are blackish, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FBC1FDA9FB12FDEF" box="[1101,1212,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FBC1FDA9FB12FDEF" box="[1101,1212,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">T. relictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the stouter setae on the dorsal side of the body and on the setiferous processes are black but the hair like setae (mainly ventro-lateral in position) are pale brown; this difference is immediately evident observing the tuft of hair-like setae on the mesonotum: black in the first species (Fig. 5) and pale brown in the second (Fig. 2). On the contrary, IX urite does not show remarkable differences between the two species (Figs. 4, 7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA736B2FF99C661FF4BFD1DFE99FCAA" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">
From an ecological point view both species are specialized sit-and-wait predators in dark, protected environments.
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FEB2FD71FE49FD07" box="[318,487,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FEB2FD71FE49FD07" box="[318,487,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is typically associated with tree holes but it is also able to colonize different microhabitats, including human buildings (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF99C661FDB7FD54FD12FCE3" author="Gepp" box="[571,700,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" refString="Gepp, J. (2010) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleontidae. Eine weltweite Betrachtung unter besonderer Berucksichtigung Mitteleuropas. 3., neubearbeitete Auflage. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. Westarp Wissenschaften- Verlagsgesellschaft, Hohenwarsleben, Germany, 168 pp." type="book" year="2010">Gepp 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF99C661FD45FD54FBAEFCE3" author="Badano" box="[713,1024,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" refString="Badano, D. &amp; Pantaleoni, R. A. (2014) The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae. Zootaxa, 3762 (1), 1 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3762.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Badano &amp; Pantaleoni 2014</bibRefCitation>
); as other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C184D31FF99C661FB61FD54FADCFCE2" box="[1261,1394,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FB61FD54FADCFCE2" box="[1261,1394,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">Dendroleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also cave dwellers (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B43FF99C661FEFDFC88FD92FCCF" author="Stange" box="[369,572,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="369" refString="Stange, L. A., Miller, R. B. &amp; Wang, H. - Y. (2003) Identification and biology of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera) in Taiwan. I-Lan County Museum of Natural History, Taipei, Taiwan, 160 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Stange
<emphasis id="B96CEAA0FF99C661FE48FC89FE5BFCCF" box="[452,501,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="369">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
) the larvae of this antlion may be at least potentially found in caves or similar environments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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