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<document id="A0F02E1861CF5534EABE62AB487D132D" ID-CLB-Dataset="32584" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4300.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7eb2410e-8578-432a-88f8-bc129d0a5b08" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="837117" ID-ZooBank="5FA0C659-9C52-4ABB-9CB6-1FB5CDDDF9F8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1501581608167" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gusakov, Vladimir A. &amp; Gagarin, Vladimir G." docDate="2017" docId="03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4300.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4300 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monhysteridae de Man 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF88FFE591670C071817FFF7FFBDA66D" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the main representatives of meiobenthos from inland water bodies of Central and Southern Vietnam. I. Roundworms (Nematoda)" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698466091254" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="95BD562F0570A8E8238BB977CE6BBA94">An annotated checklist of the main representatives of meiobenthos from inland water bodies of Central and Southern Vietnam. I. Roundworms (Nematoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A06EA93D121244F1B529418ED07FE658">Gusakov, Vladimir A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C23F19D03523DC8EFF13F9E68AEE580D">Gagarin, Vladimir G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A8E153C6256DA86848832924A00A9843">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A39F133C1310ED208AA067A9AB0569AB">4300</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6018333" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132617996" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6018333" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="C302650091790C191880FCB0FC8FA5CB" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C191880FCB0FDDEA50C" blockId="30.[151,611,839,865]" box="[151,611,839,865]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0EF81E791790C191880FCB0FDDEA50C" bold="true" box="[151,611,839,865]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191880FCB0FDDEA50C" bold="true" box="[151,611,839,865]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891790C1918E1FCB0FDDEA50C" authority="de Man, 1876" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1876" box="[246,611,839,865]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Monhysteridae de Man, 1876</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C191880FC79FC8FA5CB" blockId="30.[151,1243,909,970]" box="[151,818,909,934]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
103.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D8FC7AFDB2A5CB" bold="true" box="[207,527,909,934]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891790C1918D8FC7AFE3EA5CB" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1876" box="[207,387,909,934]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Monhysteridae</taxonomicName>
gen. spp.—
</emphasis>
{22, 31, 33} (5, 4, 8, 0;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191B0CFC7AFC94A5CB" bold="true" box="[795,809,909,934]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650091790C1918D0FC46FF6FA3CC" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0FC46FB66A5A7" blockId="30.[151,1243,909,970]" box="[199,1243,945,970]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0FC46FD3EA5A7" bold="true" box="[199,643,945,970]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
Single females of unidentified genera from each site.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C191880FC0DFB85A27F" blockId="30.[151,1437,1017,1189]" box="[151,1080,1017,1042]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
104.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D8FC0EFCD4A27F" bold="true" box="[207,873,1017,1042]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
*
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891790C1918CAFC0EFCF1A27F" authority="(Biro, 1969) Andrassy, 1981" authorityName="(Biro, 1969) Andrassy" authorityYear="1981" box="[221,844,1017,1042]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Eumonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andrassyi">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918CAFC0EFE46A27F" bold="true" box="[221,507,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eumonhystera andrassyi</emphasis>
(Bíró, 1969) Andrássy, 1981
</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
{52} (0, 4, 0, 0;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191C36FC0EFB92A27F" bold="true" box="[1057,1071,1017,1042]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0FBD7FDF0A2C8" blockId="30.[151,1437,1017,1189]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation id="3B703CD691790C1918D0FBD7FDF0A2C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189586" collectingDate="2010-10-02" country="China" county="Not" location="Ecology" municipality="Andrassy" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0FBD7FD3EA254" bold="true" box="[199,643,1056,1081]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
Two juvenile specimens, two females and male (
<date id="FFA6104B91790C191CBCFBD6FB59A254" box="[1195,1252,1057,1081]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2010-10-02">
<collectingDate id="EFE2E9A391790C191CBCFBD6FB59A254" box="[1195,1252,1057,1081]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2010-10-02">2x10</collectingDate>
</date>
3/m2).
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0FBB3FE47A230" bold="true" box="[199,506,1092,1117]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<location id="8EC7605091790C1918D0FBB3FE9BA230" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C1918D0FBB3FE9BA230" box="[199,294,1092,1117]" country="China" county="Not" municipality="Andrassy" name="Ecology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ecology</location>
and distribution.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EC7605091790C191A14FBB3FDF1A230" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C191A14FBB3FDF1A230" box="[515,588,1092,1117]" country="China" county="Not" municipality="Andrassy" name="Likely" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Likely</location>
a hydrobiont.
<location id="8EC7605091790C191AE2FBB2FCAFA231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C191AE2FBB2FCAFA231" box="[757,786,1093,1116]" country="China" county="Not" municipality="Andrassy" name="To" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">To</location>
date found only in water (lotic and lentic water bodies).
<location id="8EC7605091790C191880FB9FFEB7A2EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C191880FB9FFEB7A2EC" box="[151,266,1128,1153]" country="China" county="Not" municipality="Andrassy" name="Relatively" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Relatively</location>
rare species.
<location id="8EC7605091790C1919B3FB9FFE51A2EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C1919B3FB9FFE51A2EC" box="[420,492,1128,1153]" country="China" county="Not" municipality="Andrassy" name="Found" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Found</location>
in several countries of
<location id="8EC7605091790C191AE2FB9EFCFBA2ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C191AE2FB9EFCFBA2ED" box="[757,838,1129,1152]" country="China" county="Not" municipality="Andrassy" name="Europe" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Europe</location>
and in
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91790C191B8CFB9FFC63A2EC" box="[923,990,1128,1153]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191BFAFB9FFB6AA2EC" author="Eyualem" box="[1005,1239,1128,1153]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Eyualem, A., Peng, Y. &amp; Coomans, A. (2001) Thalassomonhystera traesti n. sp., Eumonhystera andrassyi and three Monhystrella species (Monhysteridae: Nematoda) from Li River, China. Hydrobiologia, 462, 185 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1013198503784" type="journal article" year="2001">
<location id="8EC7605091790C191BFAFB9FFBEFA2EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C191BFAFB9FFBEFA2EC" box="[1005,1106,1128,1153]" country="China" county="Not" municipality="Andrassy" name="Eyualem" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eyualem</location>
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191C4DFB9EFB29A2EC" box="[1114,1172,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191CF5FB9FFA2CA2EC" author="Andrassy" box="[1250,1425,1128,1153]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda Errantia). I. Pedozoologica Hungarica, No. 3, 1 - 518." type="book chapter" year="2005">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC3ACF191790C191CF5FB9FFAF1A2EC" box="[1250,1356,1128,1153]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Andrássy</collectingMunicipality>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCounty id="62C64E0791790C191880FB7AFF7CA2C9" box="[151,193,1165,1188]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Not</collectingCounty>
previously reported from
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91790C1919F0FB7BFDF7A2C8" box="[487,586,1164,1189]" name="Vietnam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C191880FB23FC30A280" blockId="30.[151,1437,1236,1513]" box="[151,909,1236,1261]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
105.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D8FB23FD03A280" bold="true" box="[207,702,1236,1261]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
*
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891790C1918CAFB23FD1FA280" authority="Andrassy, 1981" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1981" box="[221,674,1236,1261]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Eumonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="barbata">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918CAFB23FE58A280" bold="true" box="[221,485,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eumonhystera barbata</emphasis>
Andrássy, 1981
</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
{65} (0, 0, 0, 9;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191B61FB23FC39A280" bold="true" box="[886,900,1236,1261]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0FB0FFC9DA37C" blockId="30.[151,1437,1236,1513]" box="[199,800,1272,1297]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0FB0FFD3EA37C" bold="true" box="[199,643,1272,1297]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
Two females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0FAEBFF6FA3CC" blockId="30.[151,1437,1236,1513]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation id="3B703CD691790C1918D0FAEBFF6FA3CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189572" country="Russia" location="South America" municipality="Vaygach Island" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0FAEBFDBDA358" bold="true" box="[199,512,1308,1333]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Amphibiont. Dwells in water bodies and in wet soil. Relatively rare species. Untilrecently, found only in some countries of Europe, Novaya Zemlya Archipelago,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC3ACF191790C191C9EFAB7FA87A334" box="[1161,1338,1344,1369]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Vaygach Island</collectingMunicipality>
(Arctic,
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91790C191880FA93FF5BA310" box="[151,230,1380,1405]" name="Russia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Russia</collectingCountry>
), and in
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91790C191947FA92FE05A310" box="[336,440,1381,1405]" name="Paraguay" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
(
<location id="8EC7605091790C1919DDFA93FDC7A310" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C1919DDFA93FDC7A310" box="[458,634,1380,1405]" country="Russia" municipality="Vaygach Island" name="South America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">South America</location>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191A84FA93FC88A310" author="Gagarin" box="[659,821,1380,1405]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Gagarin, V. G. (1997) New species of freshwater nematodes of the order Monhysterida from the Novaya Zemlya archipelago (Nematoda). Zoosystematica Rossica, 6, 21 - 30." type="journal article" year="1997">Gagarin 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191B53FA92FCC2A310" author="Gagarin" box="[836,895,1381,1405]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Gagarin, V. G. (2001) Free-living Nematodes of the Fresh Waters of Russia and Adjacent Countries: Fauna and the Pathways of its Formation, Ecology, Taxonomy, Phylogeny. Nauka, Moscow, 170 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191B99FA93FB82A310" author="Andrassy" box="[910,1087,1380,1405]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda Errantia). I. Pedozoologica Hungarica, No. 3, 1 - 518." type="book chapter" year="2005">Andrássy 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Probably the first record for Asia.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650091790C1918D0FA5BFCDFA038" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0FA5BFBB4A384" blockId="30.[151,1437,1236,1513]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0FA5BFE86A3A8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1452,1477]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</emphasis>
Males are unknown in this and in the majority of other species of this genus; presumably, reproduction is parthenogenetic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191A1FFA27FD0BA384" author="Andrassy" box="[520,694,1488,1513]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda Errantia). I. Pedozoologica Hungarica, No. 3, 1 - 518." type="book chapter" year="2005">Andrássy 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191AD6FA26FC40A384" author="Coomans" box="[705,1021,1488,1513]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Coomans, A. &amp; Eyualem, A. (2006) Order Monhysterida. In: Eyualem-Abebe, Traunspurger, W. &amp; Andrassy, I. (Eds.), Freshwater nematodes: ecology and taxonomy. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 574 - 603. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851990095.0574" type="book chapter" year="2006">Coomans &amp; Eyualem, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C191880F9EFFB8AA05C" blockId="30.[151,1437,1560,1765]" box="[151,1079,1560,1585]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
106.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D8F9EFFCD5A05C" bold="true" box="[207,872,1560,1585]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
*
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891790C1918CAF9EFFCF6A05C" authority="(Bastian, 1865) Andrassy, 1981" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[221,843,1560,1585]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Eumonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918CAF9EFFE69A05C" bold="true" box="[221,468,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eumonhystera dispar</emphasis>
(Bastian, 1865) Andrássy, 1981
</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
{54} (0, 4, 0, 0;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191C37F9EFFB93A05C" bold="true" box="[1056,1070,1560,1585]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0F9CBFCDFA038" blockId="30.[151,1437,1560,1765]" box="[199,866,1596,1621]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0F9CBFD3EA038" bold="true" box="[199,643,1596,1621]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
One gravid female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302650091790C1818D0F997FC8FA59F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0F997FBC3A088" blockId="30.[151,1437,1560,1765]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation id="3B703CD691790C1918D0F997FBC3A088" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189573" country="Vietnam" location="North America" municipality="Oceania. Widespread in Europe" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0F997FDBEA014" bold="true" box="[199,515,1632,1657]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Amphibiont, ubiquitous, dwelling in diverse aquatic and terrestrial biotopes. Reported from several countries of Africa and
<location id="8EC7605091790C191AB8F973FCE1A0F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091790C191AB8F973FCE1A0F0" box="[687,860,1668,1693]" country="Vietnam" municipality="Oceania. Widespread in Europe" name="North America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">North America</location>
, and one of the islands of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC3ACF191790C191C9AF973FF55A0AD" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Oceania. Widespread in Europe</collectingMunicipality>
and Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191973F95FFDAEA0AC" author="Andrassy" box="[356,531,1704,1729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda Errantia). I. Pedozoologica Hungarica, No. 3, 1 - 518." type="book chapter" year="2005">Andrássy 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191A37F95FFCEFA0AC" author="Schabetsberger" box="[544,850,1704,1729]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Schabetsberger, R., Drozdowski, G., Rott, E., Lenzenweger, R., Jersabek, C. D., Fiers, F., Traunspurger, W., Reiff, N., Stoch, F., Kotov, A. A., Martens, K., Schatz, H. &amp; Kaiser, R. (2009) Losing the Bounty? Investigating Species Richness in Isolated Freshwater Ecosystems of Oceania. Pacific Science, 63, 153 - 179." type="journal article" year="2009">
Schabetsberger
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191AC4F95EFCB0A0AC" box="[723,781,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). To date, not reported from
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91790C191C8DF95FFB41A0AC" box="[1178,1276,1704,1729]" name="Vietnam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. According to some workers, this is a cosmopolitan species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191A8CF93BFC84A088" author="Gagarin" box="[667,825,1740,1765]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Gagarin, V. G. (1993) Free-living Nematodes from the Fresh Waters of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Order Monhysterida, Areaolaimida, Chromadorida, Enoplida, Mononchida). Gidrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg, 352 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1993">Gagarin 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C191B52F93BFBCFA088" author="Schabetsberger" box="[837,1138,1740,1765]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Schabetsberger, R., Drozdowski, G., Rott, E., Lenzenweger, R., Jersabek, C. D., Fiers, F., Traunspurger, W., Reiff, N., Stoch, F., Kotov, A. A., Martens, K., Schatz, H. &amp; Kaiser, R. (2009) Losing the Bounty? Investigating Species Richness in Isolated Freshwater Ecosystems of Oceania. Pacific Science, 63, 153 - 179." type="journal article" year="2009">
Schabetsberger
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191BE1F93AFB93A088" box="[1014,1070,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C191880F8E2FBEBA140" blockId="30.[151,1436,1812,1945]" box="[151,1110,1812,1837]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
107.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D8F8E3FC3AA140" bold="true" box="[207,903,1812,1837]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
*
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891790C1918CAF8E3FCD1A140" authority="Peng, Eyualem &amp; Coomans, 2002" authorityName="Peng, Eyualem &amp; Coomans" authorityYear="2002" box="[221,876,1812,1837]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Eumonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="huruii">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918CAF8E3FE6BA140" bold="true" box="[221,470,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eumonhystera huruii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C1919CAF8E3FCD1A140" author="Peng" box="[477,876,1812,1837]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Peng, Y., Eyualem, A. &amp; Coomans, A. (2002) A new species of Eumonhystera and three species of Monhystera (Monhysteridae: Nematoda) from Li River, China. Hydrobiologia, 468, 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="2002">Peng, Eyualem &amp; Coomans, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
{34} (0, 0, 8, 0;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191C57F8E3FBF3A140" bold="true" box="[1088,1102,1812,1837]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0F8CFFC90A13C" blockId="30.[151,1436,1812,1945]" box="[199,813,1848,1873]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0F8CFFD3EA13C" bold="true" box="[199,643,1848,1873]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
Single female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91790C1918D0F8ABFAA1A1F4" blockId="30.[151,1436,1812,1945]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C1918D0F8ABFE48A118" bold="true" box="[199,501,1884,1909]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Possibly a hydrobiont. Rare species. Until this study, found only at two locations in one of the rivers of China (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91790C1919D3F876FD3CA1F4" author="Peng" box="[452,641,1920,1945]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Peng, Y., Eyualem, A. &amp; Coomans, A. (2002) A new species of Eumonhystera and three species of Monhystera (Monhysteridae: Nematoda) from Li River, China. Hydrobiologia, 468, 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="2002">
Peng
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991790C191A12F876FD80A1F4" box="[517,573,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
). Our finding marks the third known locality of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C181880FF6FFB8CA6DD" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[151,1073,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
108.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D8FF60FCCDA6DD" bold="true" box="[207,880,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C1818D8FF60FCEEA6DD" authority="(de Man, 1880) Andrassy, 1981" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[207,851,151,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Eumonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D8FF60FE61A6DD" bold="true" box="[207,476,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Eumonhystera vulgaris</emphasis>
(de Man, 1880) Andrássy, 1981
</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
{2} (5, 0, 0, 0;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181C0DFF60FB95A6DD" bold="true" box="[1050,1064,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FF4BFC28A6B8" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,917,188,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FF4BFD3EA6B8" bold="true" box="[199,643,188,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
Single female with egg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FF28FB73A771" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FF28FE48A695" bold="true" box="[199,501,223,248]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Amphibiont. Cosmopolitan. Found in various aquatic and terrestrial biotopes on all continents, including Antarctica. Already registered in Vietnam (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181B7BFEF3FBA7A770" author="Andrassy" box="[876,1050,260,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda Errantia). I. Pedozoologica Hungarica, No. 3, 1 - 518." type="book chapter" year="2005">Andrássy 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181C32FEF2FB7FA771" author="Nguyen" box="[1061,1218,260,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, V. T. (2007) Free-living nematodes Monhysterida, Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Rhabditida, Enoplida, Mononchida, Dorylaimida. In: Dang, N. T. (Ed.), Fauna of Fietnam. Fol. 22. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 455 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="2007">Nguyen 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C181880FEBBFCF4A709" blockId="31.[151,1436,332,429]" box="[151,841,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
109.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D8FEBBFDC7A708" bold="true" box="[207,634,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C1818D8FEBBFD88A708" authority="Andrassy, 1981" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1981" box="[207,565,332,357]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Eumonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D8FEBBFEC4A708" bold="true" box="[207,377,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Eumonhystera</emphasis>
Andrássy, 1981
</taxonomicName>
sp.—
</emphasis>
{62} (0, 0, 0, 9;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181B25FEBBFCFDA708" bold="true" box="[818,832,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">1</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FE98FDABA7C1" blockId="31.[151,1436,332,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FE98FD38A7E5" bold="true" box="[199,645,367,392]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
One gravid female of an undetermined species (not all morphological features are visible on the mount).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C181880FE2BFB54A799" blockId="31.[151,1436,476,686]" box="[151,1257,476,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
110.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D9FE2BFCCEA798" bold="true" box="[206,883,476,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
**
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C1818FDFE2BFCEAA798" authority="Gagarin &amp; Gusakov, 2013" authorityName="Gagarin &amp; Gusakov" authorityYear="2013" box="[234,855,476,501]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Monhystera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longivaginata">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818FDFE2BFDA4A798" bold="true" box="[234,537,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Monhystera longivaginata</emphasis>
Gagarin &amp; Gusakov, 2013
</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
{4–6, 27, 29, 31} (16, 11, 0, 0;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181CC4FE2BFB5CA798" bold="true" box="[1235,1249,476,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">8</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FE08FEB1A40B" blockId="31.[151,1436,476,686]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FE08FD3FA475" bold="true" box="[199,642,511,536]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
At sites 5 and 31—8 to 10 females, including those with eggs, and just one male (up to
<date id="FFA6104B91780C18195BFDD0FE3EA452" box="[332,387,551,575]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2010-10-04">4x10</date>
3/m2), at the rest of samples—1 to 3 juvenile specimens and females (or gravid females) (up to
<date id="FFA6104B91780C181880FDB9FF72A40B" box="[151,207,590,614]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2010-10-01">1x10</date>
3/m2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FD86FD9DA4C3" blockId="31.[151,1436,476,686]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FD86FE4BA4E7" bold="true" box="[199,502,625,650]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Most likely a hydrobiont. New species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181BACFD86FB53A4E7" author="Gagarin" box="[955,1262,625,650]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Gagarin, V. G. &amp; Gusakov, V. A. (2013 a) Description of Two Species of Free-Living Nematodes (Nematoda) from Fresh Waterbodies of Vietnam. Inland Water Biology, 6, 268 - 275." type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Gagarin &amp; Gusakov 2013a</bibRefCitation>
). To date found exclusively in lakes and reservoirs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C181880FD29FC16A49B" blockId="31.[151,1436,733,1010]" box="[151,939,733,758]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
111.
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818DAFD2AFD3AA49B" bold="true" box="[205,647,733,758]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C184D0891780C1818DAFD2AFDD6A49B" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[205,619,733,758]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Monhystera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818DAFD2AFE79A49B" bold="true" box="[205,452,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Monhystera stagnalis</emphasis>
Bastian, 1865
</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
{14, 58, 63} (0, 4, 8, 9;
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C181B83FD2AFC1FA49B" bold="true" box="[916,930,733,758]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">4</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FCF6FEEBA553" blockId="31.[151,1436,733,1010]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FCF6FD3AA577" bold="true" box="[199,647,769,794]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Population structure and abundance.</emphasis>
One female at site 14, two gravid females at site 58, and one male at the third locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7368B91780C1818D0FCBEFC8FA59F" blockId="31.[151,1436,733,1010]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<materialsCitation id="3B703CD691780C1818D0FCBEFC8FA59F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585189590" country="Ethiopia" county="northern Vietnam" location="Widespread in Europe" municipality="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B96CEA9991780C1818D0FCBEFE41A50F" bold="true" box="[199,508,841,866]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Hydrobiont. Prefers aquatic biotopes but may be found sporadically in wet soil near water bodies (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181979FC9AFDA3A5EB" author="Andrassy" box="[366,542,877,902]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda Errantia). I. Pedozoologica Hungarica, No. 3, 1 - 518." type="book chapter" year="2005">Andrássy 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181A3DFC99FD7AA5EB" author="Nguyen" box="[554,711,878,902]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, V. T. (2007) Free-living nematodes Monhysterida, Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Rhabditida, Enoplida, Mononchida, Dorylaimida. In: Dang, N. T. (Ed.), Fauna of Fietnam. Fol. 22. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 455 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="2007">Nguyen 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
<location id="8EC7605091780C181ACCFC9AFC67A5E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091780C181ACCFC9AFC67A5E8" box="[731,986,877,902]" country="Ethiopia" county="northern Vietnam" municipality="South Africa" name="Widespread in Europe" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Widespread in Europe</location>
, reported from some countries of
<location id="8EC7605091780C181D4CFC9AFF4AA5C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1879D91790C181880FCB0FC8FA59F:8EC7605091780C181D4CFC9AFF4AA5C7" country="Ethiopia" county="northern Vietnam" municipality="South Africa" name="South America" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">South America</location>
(Columbia), Africa (
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91780C1819FEFC66FDF7A5C7" box="[489,586,913,938]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC3ACF191780C181A93FC66FCA7A5C7" box="[644,794,913,938]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">South Africa</collectingMunicipality>
), and Asia (
<collectingCountry id="F30F761B91780C181BB3FC65FC5AA5C7" box="[932,999,914,938]" name="Japan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Japan</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181BE8FC66FB0CA5C7" author="Andrassy" box="[1023,1201,913,938]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Andrassy, I. (2005) Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda Errantia). I. Pedozoologica Hungarica, No. 3, 1 - 518." type="book chapter" year="2005">Andrássy 2005</bibRefCitation>
). According to other sources, cosmopolitan (
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181988FC42FD80A5A3" author="Gagarin" box="[415,573,949,974]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Gagarin, V. G. (1993) Free-living Nematodes from the Fresh Waters of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Order Monhysterida, Areaolaimida, Chromadorida, Enoplida, Mononchida). Gidrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg, 352 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1993">Gagarin 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181A5EFC42FCB1A5A3" author="Tsalolikhin" box="[585,780,949,974]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Tsalolikhin, S. Y. (2015) New species of free-living nematode Monhystera curvicaudata sp. nov. (Nematoda: Monhysterida) from India. Trudy zoologicheskogo instituta RAN, 319, 550 - 557. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2015">Tsalolikhin 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Recorded in many regions of
<collectingCounty id="62C64E0791780C181C7BFC42FA8CA5A3" box="[1132,1329,949,974]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">northern Vietnam</collectingCounty>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181D57FC42FEE1A59F" author="Gagarin" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Gagarin, V. G. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2005 a) Free-living nematodes from some fresh water bodies of Northern Vietnam. Biologiya Fnutrennih Fod, No. 1, 18 - 23. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Gagarin &amp; Nguyen 2005a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181971FC2DFDC3A59F" author="Nguyen" box="[358,638,985,1010]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, T. T. &amp; Nguyen, V. T. (2005) Comparison on Free-living Nematode Compositions of the Cau, Day, Cam and Nhue Rivers. T ap chi Sinh H oc, 27, 36 - 42. [in Vietnamese]" type="journal article" year="2005">Nguyen &amp; Nguyen 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B7A91780C181A9EFC2DFC9BA59F" author="Nguyen" box="[649,806,986,1010]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Nguyen, V. T. (2007) Free-living nematodes Monhysterida, Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Rhabditida, Enoplida, Mononchida, Dorylaimida. In: Dang, N. T. (Ed.), Fauna of Fietnam. Fol. 22. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 455 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="2007">Nguyen 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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