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<mods:title id="0887B7907FB9981958BDD0F6F9FD65C4">Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E00D4C836B4008F35C393812BEE65BE">Soares, Matheus M. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C567B9BA27FFEFD87D60FD896CE6BDE2">Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1779A3CE164254FD61AB621A3F38B39E" type="email">rpfreitas.silva@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A0E9E4C7B689DD667776D3FF5F292F82">Ale-Rocha, Rosaly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A989EDFC36FDCE78ED08455F30DF6FB4" type="email">alerocha@inpa.gov.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="0384CB1BA469C94796892FD2FEA5FB36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5579470" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189091537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5579470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA469C94796892FD2FEA5FB36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384CB1BA469C94796892FD2FEA5FB36" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="C3372986A469C94796892FD2FDF1FF64" box="[151,518,151,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94796892FD2FDF1FF64" ID-CoL="53VNP" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Det." baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[151,518,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892FD2FDF1FF64" bold="true" box="[151,518,151,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892FD2FE83FF64" bold="true" box="[151,372,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Syneches curvipes</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A469C94796892FFEFE7CFF03" box="[151,395,187,214]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796892FFEFE7CFF03" blockId="27.[151,518,151,214]" box="[151,395,187,214]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
(
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94796812FFEFF0BFF00" box="[159,252,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syneches Walker. Habitus. A. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805), (female from Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana); B–C. Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha &amp; Vieira, 2008; B. Male from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil; C. Female from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil. Figure 1A provided by Paul Bertner. Figures 1B–C provided by César Favacho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560586/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94797162FFEFEADFF03" box="[264,346,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-88@26.[151,1435,309,1824]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) (female from Pará). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560626/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">15A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C947977B2FFEFE75FF03" box="[357,386,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,1110,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-54@77.[213,1373,1110,1930]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 52. Syneches Walker. Geographical records of S. angulatus Menezes &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) and S. repletus Bezzi, 1909 in Brazil" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560734/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">52</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A469C94796892E45FA9CFE3B" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796892E45FDD0FECD" blockId="27.[151,1437,255,495]" box="[151,551,255,280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A469C94796892E45FDD0FECD" box="[151,551,255,280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94796892E45FDD3FECD" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[151,548,255,280]" page="147" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1805">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94796892E45FDD3FECD" authority="Fabricius, 1805: 147" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="147" authorityYear="1805" box="[151,548,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Damalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892E45FEBEFEC2" box="[151,329,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Damalis curvipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C947974E2E45FDD3FECD" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[336,548,255,280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref52058" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1805) Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonyms, locis, observationibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae [Brunswick], 372 + 30 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15806" type="book" year="1805">Fabricius, 1805: 147</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796892E5BFDC3FEE3" blockId="27.[151,1437,255,495]" box="[151,564,286,310]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A469C94796892E5BFDC3FEE3" box="[151,564,286,310]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94796892E5BFDC7FEE3" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[151,560,286,310]" page="415" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1828">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94796892E5BFDC7FEE3" ID-CoL="9J699" authority=": Wiedemann, 1828: 415" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityPageNumber="415" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,560,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892E5BFEC3FEE3" box="[151,308,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hybos curvipes</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C947975F2E5BFDC7FEE3" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[321,560,286,310]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref53615" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1828) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Volume 1, Hamm, xxxii + 608 pp." type="book" year="1828">Wiedemann, 1828: 415</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796892E78FDAAFE80" blockId="27.[151,1437,255,495]" box="[151,605,317,341]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A469C94796892E78FDAAFE80" box="[151,605,317,341]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94796892E78FDAEFE80" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[151,601,317,341]" page="148" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1805">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94796892E78FDAEFE80" authority="Fabricius, 1805: 148" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="1805" box="[151,601,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Damalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892E78FE89FE80" box="[151,382,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Damalis quadricinctus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C947979B2E78FDAEFE80" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[389,601,317,341]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref52058" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1805) Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonyms, locis, observationibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae [Brunswick], 372 + 30 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15806" type="book" year="1805">Fabricius, 1805: 148</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796892E19FD9DFEA6" blockId="27.[151,1437,255,495]" box="[151,618,347,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A469C94796892E19FD9DFEA6" box="[151,618,347,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94796892E19FD91FEA6" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[151,614,347,372]" page="415" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1828">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94796892E19FD91FEA6" ID-CoL="9J699" authority=": Wiedemann, 1828: 415" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityPageNumber="415" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,614,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892E19FE9EFEA1" box="[151,361,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hybos quadricinctus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94797682E19FD91FEA6" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[374,614,347,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref53615" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1828) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Volume 1, Hamm, xxxii + 608 pp." type="book" year="1828">Wiedemann, 1828: 415</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796892E3FFE50FE64" blockId="27.[151,1437,255,495]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A469C94796892E3FFE50FE64" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94796892E3FFDB3FE47" author="Bezzi, M." box="[151,580,378,402]" page="314" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94796892E3FFDB3FE47" ID-CoL="92X6V" authority=": Bezzi, 1909: 314" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityPageNumber="314" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,580,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892E3FFE71FE47" box="[151,390,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Syneches quadricinctus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C947978B2E3FFDB3FE47" author="Bezzi, M." box="[405,580,378,402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="297 - 406" refId="ref51642" refString="Bezzi, M. (1909) Beitraege zur Kenntniss der sudamerikanischen Dipterenfauna aug Grund der Sammelergebnisse einer Reise in Chile, Peru und Bolivia, ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1902 - 1904 von W. Schnuse. Fam. Empididae. Nova Acta Leopolino Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum, 91, 297 - 406." type="journal article" year="1909">Bezzi, 1909: 314</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(key);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94794912E3FFCC3FE47" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[655,820,378,402]" page="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94794912E3FFCC3FE47" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[655,820,378,402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref53044" refString="Smith, K. G. V. (1967) 39. Family Empididae (Empidae, Hybotidae). In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 67 pp." type="book" year="1967">Smith, 1967: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cat.);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94795602E3EFB95FE47" author="Yang, D. &amp; Yao, G. &amp; Zhang, K. &amp; Zhang, J." box="[894,1122,378,403]" page="313" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94795602E3EFB95FE47" author="Yang, D. &amp; Yao, G. &amp; Zhang, K. &amp; Zhang, J." box="[894,1122,378,403]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref53740" refString="Yang, D., Yao, G., Zhang, K. &amp; Zhang, J. (2007) World catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). China Agricultural University Press, Beijing, 704 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Yang
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94795A42E3EFC10FE47" box="[954,999,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
., 2007: 313
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cat.);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94792B32E3EFE97FE64" author="Menezes, I. S. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R." page="413" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94792B32E3EFE97FE64" author="Menezes, I. S. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="401 - 442" refId="ref52545" refString="Menezes, I. S. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R. (2016) Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa, 4103 (5), 401 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4103.5.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Menezes &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2016: 413–415</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(syn.).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796892EFDFA9CFE3B" blockId="27.[151,1437,255,495]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A469C94796892EFDFA9CFE3B" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94796892EFDFDFFFE05" author="Bezzi, M." box="[151,520,440,464]" page="314" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94796892EFDFDFFFE05" ID-CoL="53VNP" authority=": Bezzi, 1909: 314" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityPageNumber="314" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,520,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892EFDFEA7FE1A" box="[151,336,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Syneches curvipes</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94797432EFDFDFFFE05" author="Bezzi, M." box="[349,520,440,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="297 - 406" refId="ref51642" refString="Bezzi, M. (1909) Beitraege zur Kenntniss der sudamerikanischen Dipterenfauna aug Grund der Sammelergebnisse einer Reise in Chile, Peru und Bolivia, ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1902 - 1904 von W. Schnuse. Fam. Empididae. Nova Acta Leopolino Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum, 91, 297 - 406." type="journal article" year="1909">Bezzi, 1909: 314</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(key);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C947944F2EFDFD02FE05" author="Collin, J. E." box="[593,757,440,464]" page="28" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C947944F2EFDFD02FE05" author="Collin, J. E." box="[593,757,440,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref51831" refString="Collin, J. E. (1933) Empididae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, 4, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1933">Collin, 1933: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cit.);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94795272EFDFC10FE05" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[825,999,439,464]" page="212" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94795272EFDFC10FE05" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[825,999,439,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="195 - 266" refId="ref52922" refString="Smith, K. G. V. (1962) Studies on the Brazilian Empididae (Diptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 114 (7), 195 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1962. tb 01079. x" type="journal article" year="1962">Smith, 1962: 212</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cit.); 1967: 9 (cat.);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94792A02EFDFA6BFE05" author="Yang, D. &amp; Yao, G. &amp; Zhang, K. &amp; Zhang, J." box="[1214,1436,440,464]" page="307" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94792A02EFDFA6BFE05" author="Yang, D. &amp; Yao, G. &amp; Zhang, K. &amp; Zhang, J." box="[1214,1436,440,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref53740" refString="Yang, D., Yao, G., Zhang, K. &amp; Zhang, J. (2007) World catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). China Agricultural University Press, Beijing, 704 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Yang
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94792E62EFDFAD3FE05" box="[1272,1316,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
., 2007: 307
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cat.);
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA469C94797172E92FD6FFE3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6088582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6088582" author="Menezes, I. S. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R." box="[265,664,470,494]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87D99E253A216DCB2CE8FDD05692" page="413" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94797172E92FD6FFE3B" author="Menezes, I. S. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R." box="[265,664,470,494]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="401 - 442" refId="ref52545" refString="Menezes, I. S. &amp; Ale-Rocha, R. (2016) Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa, 4103 (5), 401 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4103.5.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Menezes &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2016: 413–415</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 33–39, 107, 119 (rev.,
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).
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locality: America Meridional.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A469C94796892D59FBA3FCE6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796892D59FBA3FCE6" blockId="27.[151,1437,540,1251]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796892D59FEE5FDE3" bold="true" box="[151,274,540,566]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Large size (6.0 mm) (
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C947941D2D59FDA8FDE2" box="[515,607,540,567]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syneches Walker. Habitus. A. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805), (female from Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana); B–C. Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha &amp; Vieira, 2008; B. Male from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil; C. Female from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil. Figure 1A provided by Paul Bertner. Figures 1B–C provided by César Favacho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560586/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94794742D59FD69FDE2" box="[618,670,540,567]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-88@26.[151,1435,309,1824]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) (female from Pará). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560626/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">15A</figureCitation>
). Antenna dark brown (
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94795812D59FC0CFDE2" box="[927,1019,540,567]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syneches Walker. Habitus. A. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805), (female from Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana); B–C. Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha &amp; Vieira, 2008; B. Male from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil; C. Female from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil. Figure 1A provided by Paul Bertner. Figures 1B–C provided by César Favacho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560586/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94792182D59FBCFFDE2" box="[1030,1080,540,567]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-88@26.[151,1435,309,1824]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) (female from Pará). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560626/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">15C</figureCitation>
); palpus and proboscis brown to dark brown (
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C947973A2D05FE77FD8E" box="[292,384,576,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syneches Walker. Habitus. A. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805), (female from Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana); B–C. Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha &amp; Vieira, 2008; B. Male from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil; C. Female from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil. Figure 1A provided by Paul Bertner. Figures 1B–C provided by César Favacho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560586/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94797952D05FE4AFD8E" box="[395,445,576,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-88@26.[151,1435,309,1824]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) (female from Pará). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560626/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">15C</figureCitation>
). Prosternum fused to proepisternum; scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view, orange yellow to brown, covered with golden pruinescence, except dorsocentral stripe with gray pruinescence (
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94796812DCDFF0AFD76" box="[159,253,648,675]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syneches Walker. Habitus. A. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805), (female from Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana); B–C. Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha &amp; Vieira, 2008; B. Male from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil; C. Female from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil. Figure 1A provided by Paul Bertner. Figures 1B–C provided by César Favacho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560586/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94797142DCDFECAFD76" box="[266,317,648,675]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-88@26.[151,1435,309,1824]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) (female from Pará). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560626/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">15B</figureCitation>
). Abdomen dark brown, except tergite 1 and lateral of tergites 2–4 yellow to pale brown (
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94793272DCDFA60FD76" box="[1337,1431,648,675]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syneches Walker. Habitus. A. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805), (female from Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana); B–C. Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha &amp; Vieira, 2008; B. Male from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil; C. Female from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil. Figure 1A provided by Paul Bertner. Figures 1B–C provided by César Favacho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560586/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94796892DE9FF3CFD12" box="[151,203,684,711]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-88@26.[151,1435,309,1824]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) (female from Pará). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560626/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">15A</figureCitation>
). Legs yellow to pale brown, except fore and hind tibiae and all tarsomeres 5 brown to dark brown, hind femur yellow to brownish on basal half, strongly swollen with 1AV series of spiniform bristles inserted on short tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94796812DB1FF0BFCDA" box="[159,252,756,783]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syneches Walker. Habitus. A. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805), (female from Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana); B–C. Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha &amp; Vieira, 2008; B. Male from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil; C. Female from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil. Figure 1A provided by Paul Bertner. Figures 1B–C provided by César Favacho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560586/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94797162DB1FECCFCDA" box="[264,315,756,783]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-88@26.[151,1435,309,1824]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) (female from Pará). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560626/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">15D</figureCitation>
). Wing hyaline, greyish; pterostigma long, oval, brown near base fading off apically; second section of M
<subScript id="17A97848A469C94796D02C6EFF21FCEC" attach="left" box="[206,214,811,825]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">1</subScript>
longer than crossvein r-m; both cells br and bm longer than cell cua (
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94795FC2C5DFBB0FCE6" box="[994,1095,792,819]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-88@26.[151,1435,309,1824]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) (female from Pará). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560626/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A469C94796D92C79FE4AFC32" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796D92C79FE4AFC32" blockId="27.[151,1437,540,1251]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796D92C79FE47FC83" bold="true" box="[199,432,828,854]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</emphasis>
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.
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:
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,
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<collectorName id="26D81FDBA469C94793232C79FA6FFC83" box="[1341,1432,828,854]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Malaise</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF935CCDA469C94796892C25FECEFCAF" box="[151,313,864,890]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-17" valueMax="2014-04-18" valueMin="2014-04-17">
<collectingDate id="EFD7A525A469C94796892C25FECEFCAF" box="[151,313,864,890]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-17" valueMax="2014-04-18" valueMin="2014-04-17">17–18.iv.2014</collectingDate>
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,
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA469C947975B2C24FE3CFCAE" box="[325,459,865,891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">J.T. Câmara</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA469C94797F02C24FD9CFCAF" box="[494,619,864,891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">J.A. Rafael</collectorName>
(
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,
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A469C94794AC2C24FD2BFCAE" box="[690,732,865,891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
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;
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C947955E2C25FC81FCAF" box="[832,886,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">idem</emphasis>
,
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA469C947959A2C24FBDFFCAF" box="[900,1064,864,891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ig. Asa Aberta</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EF22CD6A469C947922C2C25FB54FCAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA469C94796892FD2FEA5FB36:8EF22CD6A469C947922C2C25FB54FCAF" box="[1074,1187,864,890]" country="Brazil" name="Varredura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Amapa">Varredura</location>
,
<date id="FF935CCDA469C94792B02C25FAD3FCAF" box="[1198,1316,864,890]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-17">
<collectingDate id="EFD7A525A469C94792B02C25FAD3FCAF" box="[1198,1316,864,890]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-17">17.iv.2014</collectingDate>
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(
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,
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</materialsCitation>
;
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6E077A469C94796F02CC0FE6DFC4B" box="[238,410,900,927]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Serra do Navio</collectingMunicipality>
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<location id="8EF22CD6A469C94797BB2CC0FD5EFC4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA469C94796892FD2FEA5FB36:8EF22CD6A469C94797BB2CC0FD5EFC4A" box="[421,681,900,927]" country="Brazil" latitude="0.8942222" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-52.01164" municipality="Serra do Navio" name="Estr. Cach. Pedra Preta" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Amapa">Estr. Cach. Pedra Preta</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE191CCAA469C94794AB2CC3FCB8FC74" box="[693,847,902,929]" degrees="00" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="1" seconds="39.2" value="0.8942222">00°53′39.2″N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE191CCAA469C94795482CC3FC00FC74" box="[854,1015,902,929]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="1" seconds="41.9" value="-52.01164">52°00′41.9″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA469C947921C2CC1FBAAFC4B" box="[1026,1117,900,926]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Malaise</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF935CCDA469C94792762CC1FAFCFC4B" box="[1128,1291,900,926]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-14" valueMax="2014-04-16" valueMin="2014-04-14">
<collectingDate id="EFD7A525A469C94792762CC1FAFCFC4B" box="[1128,1291,900,926]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-14" valueMax="2014-04-16" valueMin="2014-04-14">14–16.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA469C94793082CC0FA6BFC4A" box="[1302,1436,901,927]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">J.T. Câmara</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA469C94796AA2CECFEC7FC17" box="[180,304,936,963]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">J.A. Rafael</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A469C947975C2CECFE9DFC16" box="[322,362,937,963]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A469C94797662CECFE4BFC16" box="[376,444,937,963]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B457050A469C94797D02CECFE4EFC32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387360341" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="Rocha" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.5863888" location="Rio Nhamunda" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-57.625553" municipality="Para" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Amapa">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6E077A469C94797D02CECFDF4FC16" box="[462,515,937,963]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pará</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF22CD6A469C94794132CEDFD4DFC17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA469C94796892FD2FEA5FB36:8EF22CD6A469C94794132CEDFD4DFC17" box="[525,698,936,962]" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.5863888" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-57.625553" municipality="Para" name="Rio Nhamunda" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Amapa">Rio Nhamundá</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE191CCAA469C94794DB2CEFFCB2FC10" box="[709,837,938,965]" degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-1.5863888">01°35′11″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE191CCAA469C94795552CEFFC21FC10" box="[843,982,938,965]" degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-57.625553">57°37′32″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94795FC2CEDFA91FC16" authority="(Fabricius) Det." authorityName="Det." baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[994,1382,936,963]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94795FC2CEDFB59FC17" box="[994,1198,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Syneches curvipes</emphasis>
(Fabricius) Det.
</taxonomicName>
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA469C94793742CEDFF16FC33" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ale-Rocha</collectorName>
, 1999 (
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A469C94797292C88FEA8FC32" box="[311,351,973,999]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A469C94797732C88FE46FC32" box="[365,433,973,999]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A469C94796D92CB5FE3FFBFB" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796D92CB5FE3FFBFB" blockId="27.[151,1437,540,1251]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796D92CB5FE96FBDF" bold="true" box="[199,353,1008,1034]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA469C94797762CB5FE5BFBDF" box="[360,428,1008,1034]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E9B4EFA469C94797A22CB4FDE3FBDE" box="[444,532,1009,1035]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amapá</collectingRegion>
*, Amazonas and Pará) (
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C947953D2CB5FC8EFBDE" box="[803,889,1008,1035]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,1110,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-54@77.[213,1373,1110,1930]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 52. Syneches Walker. Geographical records of S. angulatus Menezes &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2016; S. curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) and S. repletus Bezzi, 1909 in Brazil" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560734/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA469C94795932CB4FC1FFBDE" box="[909,1000,1009,1035]" name="Guyana" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guyana</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94795ED2CB5FB36FBDF" authorityName="Det." baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1011,1217,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94795ED2CB5FB36FBDF" box="[1011,1217,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Syneches curvipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to occurr only in the Amazon biome.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A469C94796D92B7CFEA5FB36" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA469C94796D92B7CFEA5FB36" blockId="27.[151,1437,540,1251]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94796D92B7CFECCFB86" bold="true" box="[199,315,1081,1107]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is remarkably similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94794FB2B7CFC9BFB87" box="[741,876,1081,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catarinae">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94794FB2B7CFC9BFB87" box="[741,876,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S. catarinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be separated by the characters given in the key (see also “Remarks” under
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94794002B18FD53FBA3" box="[542,676,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catarinae">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94794002B18FD53FBA3" box="[542,676,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S. catarinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). A female specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94795AD2B18FBDAFBA3" authorityName="Det." baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[947,1069,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94795AD2B18FC36FBA2" box="[947,961,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94795D02B18FBDAFBA3" box="[974,1069,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">curvipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was photographed resting on the vegetation in
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA469C947972F2BC4FE7FFB4E" box="[305,392,1153,1179]" name="Guyana" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guyana</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13166688A469C94797862BC5FE2EFB4E" box="[408,473,1152,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[158,1428,417,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syneches Walker. Habitus. A. Syneches curvipes (Fabricius, 1805), (female from Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana); B–C. Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha &amp; Vieira, 2008; B. Male from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil; C. Female from Magalhães Barata, Pará, Brazil. Figure 1A provided by Paul Bertner. Figures 1B–C provided by César Favacho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560586/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), showing the typical sitting and waiting hunting behavior of many hybotid flies [see
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94796892BE1FEC1FB6A" author="Wilder, D. D." box="[151,310,1188,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref53667" refString="Wilder, D. D. (1974) A revision of the genus Syneches Walker (Diptera: Empididae) for North America and the Antilles. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 10 (5), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1974">Wilder (1974)</bibRefCitation>
for Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94797D42BE1FD7EFB6B" box="[458,649,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94797D42BE1FDC6FB6B" box="[458,561,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Syneches</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA469C94794DE2BE1FBF3FB6A" author="Jaume-Schinkel, S. &amp; Soares, M. M. M. &amp; Barros, L. M." box="[704,1028,1188,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="592 - 600" refId="ref52238" refString="Jaume-Schinkel, S., Soares, M. M. M. &amp; Barros, L. M. (2020) Chvalaea yolkamini sp. nov. (Diptera: Hybotidae), the first Mexican species of genus discovered on Instagram. Zootaxa, 4748 (3), 592 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4748.3.12" type="journal article" year="2020">
Jaume-Schinkel
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94795642BE0FC5CFB6B" box="[890,939,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94792BA2BE1FAF8FB6B" box="[1188,1295,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Chvalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA469C94792BA2BE1FAF8FB6B" box="[1188,1295,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Chvalaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94793002BE1FA6EFB6B" box="[1310,1433,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hybotidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA469C94796892B8DFEB7FB36" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,320,1224,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ocydromiinae">Ocydromiinae</taxonomicName>
)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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