541 lines
76 KiB
XML
541 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="0E93F1AC3DE69BB416059C3B368FBED3" ID-CLB-Dataset="55468" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5178565" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da3fa9b0-e4a1-4f3a-8e8c-a2d8413d730d" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5178565" ID-ZooBank="0DC12000-AC4D-4C46-AEE0-FAA271715120" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628312696045" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Constantino, Luis Miguel, M, Pablo Benavides & Durán, José Rafael Esteban" docDate="2014" docId="0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0337.1-21.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2014 (337)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Plagiohammus colombiensis Constantino, Benavides and Esteban 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFBBFFF7FFD2FF86FF84FFBAFF852671" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699063245285" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="E8C2AFFC247FB1E1E8A8E9D518E17A56">Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C2F89C318E221FF1D8E7F0BA5B5D5E69" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0DC85E95064BC65E098E8E69FE8CA391">Constantino, Luis Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D702B1CF43ACAAD77789EB29393092AD">Disciplina de Entomología Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café Cenicafé, Chinchiná, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA1AF734D23707B575603605B61BB72B" type="email">luismiguel.constantino@cafedecolombia.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="92A9A1DF4E14B8AA1C41392C3E008FAF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="06F081F97E6AC2DF5EB79FD8B5B4107C">M, Pablo Benavides</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="44704BE988BC3AEFF82659F6FE221080">Disciplina de Entomología Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café Cenicafé, Chinchiná, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="66519C18C16B2F80480786B4F556BA21" type="email">pablo.benavides@cafedecolombia.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0BDA2AAC64BBBE58832A6DB820B02469">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="43ABCE82EF4FE59A12F7359ED45CCB15">Durán, José Rafael Esteban</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9C6246128BBD21253A3C78518F1640EC">Laboratorio de Entomología Agroforestal Departamento de Protección Vegetal Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Carretera de La Coruña Km 7,5 28040 - Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="814C4D3461851DC62D72F7426D495FE9" type="email">esteban@inia.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="366071AB419239B1E4FBF59F5F8D2AEC">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3AB9DE68263052E045E00FF2CE454650">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="06FDAF0447818D934AB5AA1DC9409928">337</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6566661" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195536430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6566661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0DC81F5FFD6FF82FF44F99BFB47204B" bold="true" box="[192,1218,1569,1594]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD6FF82FF44F99BFBCE204B" ID-CoL="4JGCH" authority="Constantino, Benavides and Esteban" authorityName="Constantino, Benavides and Esteban" authorityYear="2014" box="[192,1099,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD6FF82FF44F99BFDC3204B" bold="true" box="[192,582,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Plagiohammus colombiensis</emphasis>
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Constantino, Benavides and Esteban
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C57F0FFD6FF82FBDDF998FB47204B" box="[1113,1218,1570,1594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3316512FFD6FF80FF44F9FBFA0424CB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B943699FFD6FF82FF44F9FBFD212028" blockId="4.[192,1218,1506,1626]" box="[192,676,1601,1626]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0DC81F5FFD6FF82FF44F9FBFD212028" bold="true" box="[192,676,1601,1626]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD6FF82FF44F9FBFD212028" bold="true" box="[192,676,1601,1626]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FF4DF9FBFEFC2028" box="[201,377,1601,1625]" captionStart="Figures 1-12" captionStartId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[192,1440,192,1550]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figures 1–10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FE03F9FBFE332028" box="[391,438,1601,1625]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="7.[192,276,1219,1241]" captionTargetBox="[207,1440,217,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[192,1440,192,1200]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 13. Plagiohammus species. A, P. colombiensis sp. nov., Allotype female lateral view; B, P. thiodes female, from Costa Rica, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178569/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">13a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FE40F9FBFE612028" box="[452,484,1601,1625]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="9.[192,276,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[215,1440,230,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[192,1440,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia of Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov., holotype, male. A-B. tergite VIII and ventrites VIII & IX. A. ventral view. B. dorsal view. C. tegmen, dorsal view with aedeagus in natural position. D. tegmen, lateral view with aedeagus in natural position. E. aedeagus removed in lateral view. F. aedeagus, dorsal view. G. tegmen, ventral view with aedeagus removed. a. Aedeagus. Ll. Lateral lobes. Mf. Median foramen. Ml. Median lobe. Mo. Median orifice. Ri. Ringed part. Ro. Roof. S. Median struts. Sp. Ventral spiculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178571/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FE76F9FBFD972028" box="[498,530,1601,1625]" captionStart="Figures 15-44" captionStartId="11.[192,288,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[201,1427,192,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[188,1441,188,1729]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 15-44. Right elytra of Plagiohammus type species from the neotropical region. 15. P. colombiensis sp. nov. 16. P. rubefactus. 17. P. emanon male. 18. P. emanon female. 19. P. elatus. 20. P. thiodes male. 21. P. thiodes female. 22. P. maculosus. 23. P. spinipennis. 24. P. albatus. 25. P. decorus. 26. P. granulosus. 27. P. nitidus. 28. P. sticticus. 29. P. thoracicus. 30. P. inermis. 31. P. olivescens. 32. P. sargi. 33. P. laceratus. 34. P. brunneus. 35. P. imperator. 36. P. niveus. 37. P. blairi. 38. P. camillus. 39. P. confusor. 40. P. sallei. 41. P. lunaris. 42. P. lacordairei. 43. P. ornator. 44. P. pollinosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178573/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FDA4F9FBFDC52028" box="[544,576,1601,1625]" captionStart="Figures 45-56" captionStartId="13.[192,288,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[211,1412,208,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[192,1440,192,1730]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 45-56. Plagiohammus species. 45-46. P. colombiensis sp. nov. male and female; 47-48. P. thiodes male and female; 49. P. maculosus male; 50-51. P. elatus male and female; 52-53. P. emanon female and male; 54-55. P. spinipennis male and female; 56. P. rubefactus male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178575/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">45</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FDCAF9F8FDEB202B" box="[590,622,1602,1626]" captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="17.[192,276,1368,1390]" captionTargetBox="[213,1396,196,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[192,1440,192,1440]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 57. Distribution of coffee* stem borers of the genus Plagiohammus in the Neotropical region, showing collection localities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">57</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FDFFF9FBFD1E2028" box="[635,667,1601,1625]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="19.[192,276,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[188,1441,189,1744]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 58. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. A-B. adult male. C. frontal view of head. D. full grown larva. E. Damage on coffee plants. Sawdust at the base of a stem attacked by a larva. F. gallery in the main root. G. gallery and pupal chamber in the stem. H. adult exit hole in a coffee stem 8 cm above the ground." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178579/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">58</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B943699FFD6FF80FF44F93BFD0127EB" blockId="4.[192,1440,1665,1914]" lastBlockId="6.[192,1441,194,698]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD6FF82FF44F93BFEEE20E8" bold="true" box="[192,363,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Description.</emphasis>
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Male (
|
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FE3BF938FDA220EB" box="[447,551,1666,1690]" captionStart="Figures 1-12" captionStartId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[192,1440,192,1550]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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||
): length: 25.0 mm.; width: 7.5 mm. Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FBCDF938FB3120EB" box="[1097,1204,1666,1690]" captionStart="Figures 1-12" captionStartId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[192,1440,192,1550]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
): length: 26.0 mm.; width: 7.8 mm. Sexes similar, antennae elongate, 6.5–7.0 cm long (two or more times the length of body in males), and 5.0–5.5 cm long (one and one-third times in females), head with frons coarsely, densely clothed with appressed golden yellow pubescence, except light brown spot on middle of frons, vertex area and antennal tubercles. Gena with golden yellow band behind the upper eye lobe. Postgena golden yellow (
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD6FF82FF4CF898FEFF214B" box="[200,378,1825,1850]" captionStart="Figures 1-12" captionStartId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[192,1440,192,1550]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figure 5 and 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes black large, lower lobes rounded; upper lobes separated by little more than width of lobes. Clypeus densely clothed with light brown pubescence. Labrum and mandibles black. Labium and maxilla black glabrous. Antennal tubercles prominent. Scape and pedicel light brown with gray pubescence; antennomeres III-XI reddish orange, darker at apices; antennomeres III-V with fine fringe of suberect setae beneath (
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<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD7FF83FD81F973FDE82090" box="[517,621,1737,1761]" captionStart="Figures 1-12" captionStartId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[192,1440,192,1550]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); antennomere III longer than IV; antennomeres X-XI in males 1.5 times longer than IX, gradually decreasing in thickness. Pronotum longer than broad with conspicuous golden yellow pubescence except at base of lateral tubercle, dorsum with two longitudinal parallel light brown lines, sides with large, acute spines; disk with three rugose calluses, one median and one on each side before middle. Elytra elongate-ovate, sides almost straight, subcylindrical, entirely covered with dense gray to light brown pubescence; very scantily faintly punctured; with granulations near base; each elytron with six larger golden yellow spots, first one at middle of base, elongate-ovate; second at dorsal one-third, from margin; third extends from basal fourth to about middle, large splash-shaped, horizontal from lateral edge; fourth and fifth at apical one-quarter (the fourth is on middle between elytral suture and lateral edge; the fifth is near lateral edge); sixth near apex; there are 50–55 small and very small golden yellow spots scattered over the surface between the six large ovate ones; apex slightly narrower than base, lacking stout apical spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FCEDFED8FB88270B" box="[873,1037,354,378]" captionStart="Figures 1-12" captionStartId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[192,1440,192,1550]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 9–10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs stout, light brown covered with gray pubescence. Claws simple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF546611FFD7FF83FF44F9B2FAB02004" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" targetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD7FF83FF44F9B2FAB02004" blockId="5.[192,1440,1544,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FF44F9B2FEE5206C" bold="true" box="[192,352,1544,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figures 1-12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD7FF83FEECF9B2FD26206C" authority="Constantino & M & Durán, 2014" authorityName="Constantino & M & Durán" authorityYear="2014" box="[360,675,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FEECF9B2FD26206C" box="[360,675,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Plagiohammus colombiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C57F0FFD7FF83FD28F9B2FC8E206F" box="[684,779,1544,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FD28F9B2FC80206C" bold="true" box="[684,773,1544,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FC97F9B2FCB5206C" bold="true" box="[787,816,1544,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">1a</emphasis>
|
||
, Holotype male dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FBF3F9B2FB10206C" bold="true" box="[1143,1173,1544,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">1b</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FB27F9B2FB5F206C" box="[1187,1242,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">idem</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FAF9F9B2FA25206C" bold="true" box="[1405,1440,1544,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">2a,</emphasis>
|
||
Allotype female dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FD83F99FFDA1204B" bold="true" box="[519,548,1573,1594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">2b</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FDB0F99FFDEE204B" box="[564,619,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">idem</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FC8BF99FFCA6204B" bold="true" box="[783,803,1573,1594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">3,</emphasis>
|
||
View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD7FF83FEBAF9F8FE6D2026" authorityName="Constantino & M & Durán" authorityYear="2014" box="[318,488,1602,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FEBAF9F8FE6D2026" box="[318,488,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">P. colombiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FE72F9F8FD8F2026" bold="true" box="[502,522,1602,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">4,</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FD95F9F8FDCC2026" box="[529,585,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Idem</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD7FF83FDD3F9F8FD412026" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[599,708,1602,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FDD3F9F8FD412026" box="[599,708,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FD56F9F8FD732026" bold="true" box="[722,758,1602,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">5-6</emphasis>
|
||
, head and pronotum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD7FF83FC7BF9F8FB2C2026" authorityName="Constantino & M & Durán" authorityYear="2014" box="[1023,1193,1602,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FC7BF9F8FB2C2026" box="[1023,1193,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">P. colombiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FB33F9F8FB642026" bold="true" box="[1207,1249,1602,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">7-8,</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FB6CF9F8FA1C2026" box="[1256,1433,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
idem,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD7FF83FAA9F9F8FA1C2026" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1325,1433,1602,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">P. thiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FF44F9E4FF7D2002" bold="true" box="[192,248,1630,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">9-10,</emphasis>
|
||
Apices of the elytra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD7FF83FE72F9E5FD252005" authorityName="Constantino & M & Durán" authorityYear="2014" box="[502,672,1631,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FE72F9E5FD252005" box="[502,672,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">P. colombiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male and female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FCEFF9E4FC342002" bold="true" box="[875,945,1630,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">11-12,</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FC3CF9E5FC6A2005" box="[952,1007,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">idem</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD7FF83FC78F9E5FBED2005" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1020,1128,1631,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD7FF83FC78F9E5FBED2005" box="[1020,1128,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male and female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD4FF80FF74FE18FA0424CB" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,698]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FF74FE18FE3027C8" bold="true" box="[240,437,417,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FE41FE18FDBB27CB" box="[453,574,418,442]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="9.[192,276,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[215,1440,230,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[192,1440,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia of Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov., holotype, male. A-B. tergite VIII and ventrites VIII & IX. A. ventral view. B. dorsal view. C. tegmen, dorsal view with aedeagus in natural position. D. tegmen, lateral view with aedeagus in natural position. E. aedeagus removed in lateral view. F. aedeagus, dorsal view. G. tegmen, ventral view with aedeagus removed. a. Aedeagus. Ll. Lateral lobes. Mf. Median foramen. Ml. Median lobe. Mo. Median orifice. Ri. Ringed part. Ro. Roof. S. Median struts. Sp. Ventral spiculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178571/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||
): Tegmen approximately 6.5 mm long; lateral lobes can be divided into two parts, basal 2/3rds wider, apical 1/3rd thinner, with apex obliquely rounded with fine long setae along lateral and apical margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FDDCFE58FD39278B" box="[600,700,482,506]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="9.[192,276,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[215,1440,230,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[192,1440,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia of Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov., holotype, male. A-B. tergite VIII and ventrites VIII & IX. A. ventral view. B. dorsal view. C. tegmen, dorsal view with aedeagus in natural position. D. tegmen, lateral view with aedeagus in natural position. E. aedeagus removed in lateral view. F. aedeagus, dorsal view. G. tegmen, ventral view with aedeagus removed. a. Aedeagus. Ll. Lateral lobes. Mf. Median foramen. Ml. Median lobe. Mo. Median orifice. Ri. Ringed part. Ro. Roof. S. Median struts. Sp. Ventral spiculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178571/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14c</figureCitation>
|
||
); ringed part elbowed in widest portion, with notch and lateral spine converging; basal piece distally bifurcated; median lobe plus median struts slightly curved rounded at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FE10FD98FE7F244B" box="[404,506,546,570]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="9.[192,276,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[215,1440,230,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[192,1440,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia of Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov., holotype, male. A-B. tergite VIII and ventrites VIII & IX. A. ventral view. B. dorsal view. C. tegmen, dorsal view with aedeagus in natural position. D. tegmen, lateral view with aedeagus in natural position. E. aedeagus removed in lateral view. F. aedeagus, dorsal view. G. tegmen, ventral view with aedeagus removed. a. Aedeagus. Ll. Lateral lobes. Mf. Median foramen. Ml. Median lobe. Mo. Median orifice. Ri. Ringed part. Ro. Roof. S. Median struts. Sp. Ventral spiculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178571/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14d</figureCitation>
|
||
), shorter than tegmen in length; median struts less than half of whole length of median lobe and aedeagus; apical part of median orifice strongly projected; roof and median foramen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FE82FDD8FEE0240B" box="[262,357,610,634]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="9.[192,276,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[215,1440,230,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[192,1440,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia of Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov., holotype, male. A-B. tergite VIII and ventrites VIII & IX. A. ventral view. B. dorsal view. C. tegmen, dorsal view with aedeagus in natural position. D. tegmen, lateral view with aedeagus in natural position. E. aedeagus removed in lateral view. F. aedeagus, dorsal view. G. tegmen, ventral view with aedeagus removed. a. Aedeagus. Ll. Lateral lobes. Mf. Median foramen. Ml. Median lobe. Mo. Median orifice. Ri. Ringed part. Ro. Roof. S. Median struts. Sp. Ventral spiculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178571/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14f</figureCitation>
|
||
) slightly curved and rounded; aedeagus curved upward, pointed and bifurcated at apex; Tergite VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FEE2FD38FE6524EB" box="[358,480,642,666]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="9.[192,276,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[215,1440,230,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[192,1440,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia of Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov., holotype, male. A-B. tergite VIII and ventrites VIII & IX. A. ventral view. B. dorsal view. C. tegmen, dorsal view with aedeagus in natural position. D. tegmen, lateral view with aedeagus in natural position. E. aedeagus removed in lateral view. F. aedeagus, dorsal view. G. tegmen, ventral view with aedeagus removed. a. Aedeagus. Ll. Lateral lobes. Mf. Median foramen. Ml. Median lobe. Mo. Median orifice. Ri. Ringed part. Ro. Roof. S. Median struts. Sp. Ventral spiculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178571/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14a,b</figureCitation>
|
||
) broader than long, apical margin bi-lobed; setae around sides slightly longer than middle ones. Spiculum ventrale long and straight, approximately 5.3 mm in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FA89FD18FAF124CB" box="[1293,1396,674,698]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="9.[192,276,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[215,1440,230,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[192,1440,192,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14. Genitalia of Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov., holotype, male. A-B. tergite VIII and ventrites VIII & IX. A. ventral view. B. dorsal view. C. tegmen, dorsal view with aedeagus in natural position. D. tegmen, lateral view with aedeagus in natural position. E. aedeagus removed in lateral view. F. aedeagus, dorsal view. G. tegmen, ventral view with aedeagus removed. a. Aedeagus. Ll. Lateral lobes. Mf. Median foramen. Ml. Median lobe. Mo. Median orifice. Ri. Ringed part. Ro. Roof. S. Median struts. Sp. Ventral spiculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178571/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3316512FFD4FF80FF44FD58FB812588" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD4FF80FF44FD58FB812588" blockId="6.[192,1440,737,1018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FF44FD58FE0D2488" bold="true" box="[192,392,737,762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B433CC4FFD4FF80FE09FD58FCCC2568" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3776190337" collectingDate="2013-03-21" collectionCode="MEMB" collectorName="Hector A. Rivero" country="Colombia" elevation="1200" location="Serrania de Perija" municipality="La Gloria" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="MEMB 19.693" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="CESAR" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5490883BFFD4FF80FE09FD58FE7E248B" box="[397,507,738,762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD10FFD4FF80FD85FD58FDC5248B" box="[513,576,738,762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FDCEFD58FD63248B" box="[586,742,738,762]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FD74FD58FCD7248B" box="[752,850,738,762]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">CESAR</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF46042FFD4FF80FCDFFD58FBBE248B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB:8EF46042FFD4FF80FCDFFD58FBBE248B" box="[859,1083,738,762]" country="Colombia" municipality="La Gloria" name="Serrania de Perija" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="CESAR">Serranía de Perijá</location>
|
||
, Municipio
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF0ACE3FFD4FF80FB42FD58FAB9248B" box="[1222,1340,738,762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">La Gloria</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FAE1FD58FF5F2568" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0006D1AAFFD4FF80FAE1FD58FF5F2568" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF951059FFD4FF80FF62FCB8FEF6256B" box="[230,371,770,794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2013-03-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD1E9B1FFD4FF80FF62FCB8FEF6256B" box="[230,371,770,794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2013-03-21">21-III-2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DE534FFFD4FF80FEFBFCB8FDCF256B" box="[383,586,770,794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Héctor A. Rivero</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FDD5FCB8FDF1256B" box="[593,628,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8D9EE2FFD4FF80FD0EFCB8FCC42568" box="[650,833,769,794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">MEMB 19.693</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B433CC4FFD4FF80FCD7FCB8FD062528" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3776190314" collectingDate="2012-05-29" collectorName="Luis M. Constantino" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" elevation="1200" location="Finca Villanueva" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cesar" typeStatus="allotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5490883BFFD4FF80FCD7FCB8FC3F256B" box="[851,954,770,794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FBA5FCB8FB38256B" box="[1057,1213,770,794]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FB4CFCB8FAAF256B" box="[1224,1322,770,794]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">CESAR</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F54E15FFD4FF80FAB0FCB8FEB4254B" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Serrania de Perijá</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF0ACE3FFD4FF80FEB9FC98FDE2254B" box="[317,615,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Municipio de Aguachica</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF46042FFD4FF80FDF7FC98FCCC254B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB:8EF46042FFD4FF80FDF7FC98FCCC254B" box="[627,841,802,826]" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" name="Finca Villanueva" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Cesar">Finca Villanueva</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF46042FFD4FF80FCD1FC98FBC2254B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB:8EF46042FFD4FF80FCD1FC98FBC2254B" box="[853,1095,802,826]" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" name="Vereda La Yeguera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Cesar">Vereda La Yegüera</location>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FBF7FC98FB552548" box="[1139,1232,802,826]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0006D1AAFFD4FF80FBF7FC98FB552548" box="[1139,1232,802,826]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF951059FFD4FF80FB58FC98FAD8254B" box="[1244,1373,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2012-05-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD1E9B1FFD4FF80FB58FC98FAD8254B" box="[1244,1373,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2012-05-29">29-V-2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DE534FFFD4FF80FAEDFC98FE05252B" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Luis M. Constantino</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FE0CFCF8FE36252B" box="[392,435,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(MEMB 19.689)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B433CC4FFD4FF80FD0BFCF8FDAF25E8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3776190306" collectingDate="2012-05-29" collectorName="Luis M. Constantino" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" elevation="1200" location="Finca Villanueva" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Cesar" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5490883BFFD4FF80FD0BFCF8FC89252B" box="[655,780,834,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
-
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD10FFD4FF80FCA2FCF8FC17252B" box="[806,914,834,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FC1BFCF8FBBE252B" box="[927,1083,834,858]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FBCCFCF8FB2F252B" box="[1096,1194,834,858]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">CESAR</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F54E15FFD4FF80FB31FCF8FA19252B" box="[1205,1436,834,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Serranía de Perijá</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF0ACE3FFD4FF80FF44FCD8FE68250B" box="[192,493,866,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Municipio de Aguachica</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF46042FFD4FF80FE7EFCD8FD54250B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB:8EF46042FFD4FF80FE7EFCD8FD54250B" box="[506,721,866,890]" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" name="Finca Villanueva" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Cesar">Finca Villanueva</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF46042FFD4FF80FD5BFCD8FC56250B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB:8EF46042FFD4FF80FD5BFCD8FC56250B" box="[735,979,866,890]" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" name="Vereda La Yeguera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Cesar">Vereda La Yegüera</location>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FB86FCD8FBE42508" box="[1026,1121,866,890]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0006D1AAFFD4FF80FB86FCD8FBE42508" box="[1026,1121,866,890]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF951059FFD4FF80FBEBFCD8FB6A250B" box="[1135,1263,866,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2012-05-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD1E9B1FFD4FF80FBEBFCD8FB6A250B" box="[1135,1263,866,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2012-05-29">29-V-2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DE534FFFD4FF80FB79FCD8FEA325EB" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Luis M. Constantino</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FEABFC38FEDF25EB" box="[303,346,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(MEMB 19.690)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B433CC4FFD4FF80FDBCFC38FDC525A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3776190334" collectingDate="2013-05-22" collectorName="Finca El Porvenir & Luis M. Constantino" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" elevation="1100" location="Finca El Porvenir" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cesar" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD10FFD4FF80FDBCFC38FD0A25EB" box="[568,655,898,922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD10FFD4FF80FD19FC38FC8F25EB" box="[669,778,898,922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FC9CFC38FC3125EB" box="[792,948,898,922]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FC45FC38FBA625EB" box="[961,1059,898,922]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">CESAR</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F54E15FFD4FF80FBABFC38FA9225EB" box="[1071,1303,898,922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Serranía de Perijá</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF0ACE3FFD4FF80FAA1FC38FEE225CB" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Municipio de Aguachica</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DE534FFFD4FF80FEF7FC18FDD425CB" box="[371,593,930,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<location id="8EF46042FFD4FF80FEF7FC18FDD425CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB:8EF46042FFD4FF80FEF7FC18FDD425CB" box="[371,593,930,954]" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" name="Finca El Porvenir" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Cesar">Finca El Porvenir</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF46042FFD4FF80FDD9FC18FCCB25CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB:8EF46042FFD4FF80FDD9FC18FCCB25CB" box="[605,846,930,954]" country="Colombia" county="Serrania de Perija" municipality="Municipio de Aguachica" name="Vereda La Yeguera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Cesar">Vereda La Yegüera</location>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FCFEFC18FC5225C8" box="[890,983,930,954]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0006D1AAFFD4FF80FCFEFC18FC5225C8" box="[890,983,930,954]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF951059FFD4FF80FC60FC18FBE125CB" box="[996,1124,930,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2013-05-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD1E9B1FFD4FF80FC60FC18FBE125CB" box="[996,1124,930,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2013-05-22">22-V-2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DE534FFFD4FF80FBF5FC18FAEB25CB" box="[1137,1390,930,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Luis M. Constantino</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FAF2FC18FA1C25CB" box="[1398,1433,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (MEMB 19.694, MEMB 19.695)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B433CC4FFD4FF80FDCEFC78FB852588" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3776190319" collectingDate="2013-01-17" collectorName="Henry Corrales" country="Colombia" elevation="900" location="Maripi" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Boyaca" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD10FFD4FF80FDCEFC78FD2F25AB" box="[586,682,962,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD10FFD4FF80FD30FC78FC9825AB" box="[692,797,962,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FCA3FC78FC4625AB" box="[807,963,962,986]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FC49FC78FBC025AB" box="[973,1093,962,986]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">BOYACA</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF46042FFD4FF80FBCAFC78FB2025AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382878FFFD6FF8EFF44F99BFC2427CB:8EF46042FFD4FF80FBCAFC78FB2025AB" box="[1102,1189,962,986]" country="Colombia" name="Maripi" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Boyaca">Maripí</location>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FB49FC78FA9C25A8" box="[1229,1305,962,986]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="900.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0006D1AAFFD4FF80FB49FC78FA9C25A8" box="[1229,1305,962,986]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF951059FFD4FF80FAA7FC78FA1925AB" box="[1315,1436,962,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2013-01-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD1E9B1FFD4FF80FAA7FC78FA1925AB" box="[1315,1436,962,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="2013-01-17">17-I-2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DE534FFFD4FF80FF44FC58FEFB258B" box="[192,382,994,1018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Henry Corrales</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FE02FC58FE2C258B" box="[390,425,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (MEMB 19.696, MEMB 19.697, MEMB 19.698)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3316512FFD4FF80FF44FB9BFC13238B" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD4FF80FF44FB9BFC13238B" blockId="6.[192,1441,1057,1530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FF44FB9BFECA2248" bold="true" box="[192,335,1057,1081]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FED0FB98FD28224B" authorityName="Constantino & M & Durán" authorityYear="2014" box="[340,685,1058,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FED0FB98FD28224B" box="[340,685,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Plagiohammus colombiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FC0CFB98FC78224B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[904,1021,1058,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FC0CFB98FC78224B" box="[904,1021,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from which it differs by its smaller body size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FEBAFBFBFE3A2228" box="[318,447,1089,1113]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="25.0">25–26 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FE62FBF8FD24222B" authorityName="Constantino & M & Durán" authorityYear="2014" box="[486,673,1090,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FE62FBF8FD24222B" box="[486,673,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. colombiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FD59FBF8FCD82228" box="[733,861,1090,1114]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="31.0">31–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FC07FBF8FC7E222B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[899,1019,1090,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FC07FBF8FC7E222B" box="[899,1019,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), apices of elytra lacking the stout spines (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FE1BFBD8FD92220B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[415,535,1122,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FE1BFBD8FD92220B" box="[415,535,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FDAAFBD8FD57220B" box="[558,722,1122,1146]" captionStart="Figures 1-12" captionStartId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[192,1440,192,1550]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 9–12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae orange and more pubescent antennomeres (antennomere III-V with a fine fringe of suberect hairs beneath (glabrous and black in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FB39FB38FAB022EB" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1213,1333,1154,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FB39FB38FAB022EB" box="[1213,1333,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD4FF80FAC9FB38FEA722CB" captionStart="Figures 1-12" captionStartId="5.[192,288,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[204,1421,204,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[192,1440,192,1550]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178567/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figure 3 and 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); Gena with golden yellow band behind the upper eye lobe (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FB1EFB18FA9022CB" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1178,1301,1186,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FB1EFB18FA9022CB" box="[1178,1301,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Postgena golden yellow (dark brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FDAFFB78FD2622AB" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[555,675,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FDAFFB78FD2622AB" box="[555,675,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Pronotum with conspicuous lateral golden yellow band (very reduced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FEC3FB58FE3A228B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[327,447,1250,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FEC3FB58FE3A228B" box="[327,447,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Elytra elongate-ovate, sides almost straight (gradually narrowing apically in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FA03FB58FE9D236B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FA03FB58FE9D236B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), covered entirely with dense gray to light brown pubescence (dark reddish brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FA9DFAB8FA15236B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1305,1424,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FA9DFAB8FA15236B" box="[1305,1424,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); elytra each with six larger golden yellow spots (five mustard yellow spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FB06FA98FB78234B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1154,1277,1314,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FB06FA98FB78234B" box="[1154,1277,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); elytra with more numerous golden yellow spots (50–55 small and very small golden yellow spots scattered over the surface between the six large ovate ones, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FD65FAD8FCDF230B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[737,858,1378,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FD65FAD8FCDF230B" box="[737,858,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with very few, no more than 15 small mustard yellow spots, there being no spots of intermediate size between the five large ovate ones). The third large spot on the basal one-third, large splash-shaped and horizontal from lateral edge (oblique in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FA03FA18FE9D23AB" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FA03FA18FE9D23AB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The fourth and fifth large ovate spot, at apical one-quarter, one near lateral edge beneath and one near lateral edge above separated (fused in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD4FF80FC89FA58FC00238B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[781,901,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FC89FA58FC00238B" box="[781,901,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3316512FFD4FF80FF44F998FAE3204B" box="[192,1382,1570,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD4FF80FF44F998FAE3204B" blockId="6.[192,1382,1570,1594]" box="[192,1382,1570,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FF44F998FED9204B" bold="true" box="[192,348,1570,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet refers to the country of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FCFEF998FC6B204B" box="[890,1006,1570,1594]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in which this species is found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3316512FFD4FF80FF44F9DBFD352128" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD4FF80FF44F9DBFD352128" blockId="6.[192,1440,1633,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD4FF80FF44F9DBFD9A2008" bold="true" box="[192,543,1633,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Departments of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FD75F9D8FCBC200B" box="[753,825,1634,1658]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Cesar</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FCFDF9D8FC51200B" box="[889,980,1634,1658]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in localities situated on the western slopes of Cordillera Oriental in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FDF4F938FD7C20EB" box="[624,761,1666,1690]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
|
||
River basin in central and north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FB2AF938FAA320EB" box="[1198,1318,1666,1690]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This species is found in dry and wet premontane forests at altitudes from
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FC7DF918FB2A20C8" box="[1017,1199,1698,1722]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="900.0">900 to 1400 m</quantity>
|
||
. Apparently, it is a rarely collected and possibly local species, since it has escaped recognition until now despite its unique appearance. Other localities in Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FD23F958FC9E208B" box="[679,795,1762,1786]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
with reports of attacks by the coffee stem borer that require confirmation include: El Carmen,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FD41F8B8FCC2216B" box="[709,839,1794,1818]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Santander</collectingRegion>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FCF4F8B8FC482168" box="[880,973,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
, El Playón,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EFF87BFFD4FF80FBE6F8B8FB61216B" box="[1122,1252,1794,1818]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Santander</collectingRegion>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FA89F8B8FAEF2168" box="[1293,1386,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
, Rio Negro, Vereda
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD4FF80FEFCF898FE70214B" box="[376,501,1826,1850]" name="Honduras" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Santander at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FD2EF898FC832148" box="[682,774,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
, Girón, Vereda Altamira, Santander at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FB6AF898FACD2148" box="[1262,1352,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
and El Carmen, Norte de Santander at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD4FF80FDCAF8F8FD292128" box="[590,684,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF546611FFD5FF81FF44FB79FD8F2287" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5178569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178569/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[192,276,1219,1241]" targetBox="[207,1440,217,1157]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD5FF81FF44FB79FD8F2287" blockId="7.[192,1440,1219,1270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FF44FB79FEBE22A9" bold="true" box="[192,315,1219,1241]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD5FF81FEC5FB7EFDD822A9" box="[321,605,1219,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FEC5FB7EFE6D22A8" box="[321,488,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Plagiohammus</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FDCDFB79FDD822A9" bold="true" box="[585,605,1219,1240]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FDD8FB79FDE422A9" bold="true" box="[604,609,1219,1240]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD5FF81FDE3FB7EFC8A22A8" authority="Constantino & M & Durán, 2014" authorityName="Constantino & M & Durán" authorityYear="2014" box="[615,783,1220,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FDE3FB7EFC8A22A8" box="[615,783,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. colombiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FC91FB7EFCF722A8" bold="true" box="[789,882,1220,1241]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C57F0FFD5FF81FC91FB7EFCF722A8" box="[789,882,1220,1241]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Allotype female lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FB3BFB7EFB5722A8" bold="true" box="[1215,1234,1220,1241]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD5FF81FB5AFB7EFACC22A8" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1246,1353,1220,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FB5AFB7EFACC22A8" box="[1246,1353,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. thiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female, from Costa Rica, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3316512FFD5FF8EFF44FA97FC2427CB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD5FF81FF44FA97FC4C2334" blockId="7.[192,969,1325,1349]" box="[192,969,1325,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FF44FA97FEDC2334" bold="true" box="[192,345,1325,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD5FF81FEE4FA97FCA02334" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[352,805,1325,1349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FEE4FA97FD972334" box="[352,530,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus (Rubiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFD5FF81FCC9FA97FC402334" box="[845,965,1325,1349]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD5FF81FF44FAD6FEAD2154" blockId="7.[192,1441,1388,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FF44FAD6FEAA23F5" bold="true" box="[192,303,1388,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Egg- unknown but based on field observations of damage on coffee plants it could be determined that the female lays its eggs on the bark of the main stem at the base of the soil. When larva emerges it makes a hole and begins to bore the central portion of the stem toward the main root (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD5FF81FA8AFA17FA1123B5" box="[1294,1428,1452,1477]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="19.[192,276,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[188,1441,189,1744]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 58. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. A-B. adult male. C. frontal view of head. D. full grown larva. E. Damage on coffee plants. Sawdust at the base of a stem attacked by a larva. F. gallery in the main root. G. gallery and pupal chamber in the stem. H. adult exit hole in a coffee stem 8 cm above the ground." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178579/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figure 58f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Affected trees are recognized by the piles of white sawdust accumulated at the base of the stem that are removed by the larva out of the gallery when it is boring the main root and stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD5FF81FB51FA57FAD82075" box="[1237,1373,1516,1541]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="19.[192,276,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[188,1441,189,1744]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 58. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. A-B. adult male. C. frontal view of head. D. full grown larva. E. Damage on coffee plants. Sawdust at the base of a stem attacked by a larva. F. gallery in the main root. G. gallery and pupal chamber in the stem. H. adult exit hole in a coffee stem 8 cm above the ground." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178579/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figure 58e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larvae are creamy white, very elongated, with 3 thoracic and 8 abdominal segments slightly depressed, cuticula firm, shining, without setae; head depressed elongated, black, heavily sclerotized with a pair of strong mandibles. Prothorax depressed and rectangular; pronotum with caudal area velvety asperate spotted with two yellowish sclerotized plates laterally. Depressed abdomen, heavily constrained, shaped as screw. The mature larva reaches a length of up to 5.5 cm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD5FF81FC2AF937FBBD20D5" box="[942,1080,1676,1701]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="19.[192,276,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[188,1441,189,1744]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 58. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. A-B. adult male. C. frontal view of head. D. full grown larva. E. Damage on coffee plants. Sawdust at the base of a stem attacked by a larva. F. gallery in the main root. G. gallery and pupal chamber in the stem. H. adult exit hole in a coffee stem 8 cm above the ground." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178579/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figure 58d</figureCitation>
|
||
). When the larva reaches the main root it moves back up from the central stem to a height of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD5FF81FBA4F917FB1320B5" box="[1056,1174,1709,1733]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the soil, where pupation takes place in a chamber built inside the gallery with fiber filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFD5FF81FB0AF977FA922095" box="[1166,1303,1740,1765]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="19.[192,276,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[188,1441,189,1744]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 58. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. A-B. adult male. C. frontal view of head. D. full grown larva. E. Damage on coffee plants. Sawdust at the base of a stem attacked by a larva. F. gallery in the main root. G. gallery and pupal chamber in the stem. H. adult exit hole in a coffee stem 8 cm above the ground." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178579/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<quantity id="4CD39B7CFFD5FF81FB6CF976FA922095" box="[1256,1303,1740,1764]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="g" value="58.0">58g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pupa is dark cream and resembles in morphology the future adult. The life cycle takes 18 months from egg to adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFD5FF81FF74F897FD7621F4" blockId="7.[192,1441,1388,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The adults are nocturnal. The flight period under natural conditions is unknown. But based on breeding records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFD5FF81FE2BF8F7FDEF2114" authorityName="Constantino & M & Durán" authorityYear="2014" box="[431,618,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFD5FF81FE2BF8F7FDEF2114" box="[431,618,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. colombiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae maintained in laboratory conditions at Cenicafé, the largest amounts of adult emergence occurred in May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFDAFF8EFF74FF78FA1C2748" blockId="8.[192,1440,194,314]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Attempts to capture adults with black and white light traps in the departments of Cesar and Santander in the months of May and December failed. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B68FFDAFF8EFB89FF58FB202688" author="Avila, L. A." box="[1037,1189,225,250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref10221" refString="Avila, L. A. 2005. Impacto agronomico del dano causado por el gusano barrenador del tallo del cafeto (Plagiohammus maculosus Bates) en el municipio de Santa Cruz Naranjo del departamento de Santa Rosa, Guatemala. Tesis. Fitotecnia. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. 40 p." type="book" year="2005">Avila (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B68FFDAFF8EFB37FF58FAEC268B" author="Barrera, J. F." box="[1203,1385,226,250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="961 - 998" refId="ref10276" refString="Barrera, J. F. 2008. Coffee pests and their management. p. 961 - 998. In: J. L. Capinera (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. 2 nd ed. Springer; Dordrecht. 4279 p." type="book chapter" year="2008">Barrera (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B68FFDAFF8EFF44FEB8FE3E276B" author="Esteban-Duran, J. R. & A. H. Salazar & P. del Estal-Padillo & L. Castresana- Estrada" box="[192,443,258,282]" journalOrPublisher="Spanish Journal of Agriculture Research" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1024 - 1032" part="8" refId="ref11214" refString="Esteban-Duran, J. R., A. H. Salazar, M. Gonzalez, P. del Estal-Padillo, and L. Castresana- Estrada. 2010. Species of the Tribe Lamiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Reserva Biologica Alberto Manuel Brenes, San Ramon, Costa Rica. Spanish Journal of Agriculture Research 8 (4): 1024 - 1032." title="Species of the Tribe Lamiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Reserva Biologica Alberto Manuel Brenes, San Ramon, Costa Rica" type="journal article" year="2010">Esteban et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the flight period of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFDAFF8EFD22FEB8FCC3276B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[678,838,258,282]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFDAFF8EFD22FEB8FCC3276B" box="[678,838,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">P. maculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D1AFFDAFF8EFC05FEB8FBAB2768" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[897,1070,258,281]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Plagiohammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFDAFF8EFC05FEB8FBAB2768" box="[897,1070,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">P. spinipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFDAFF8EFBD6FEB8FB5B276B" box="[1106,1246,258,282]" name="Guatemala" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFDAFF8EFB6DFEB8FAEE276B" box="[1257,1387,258,282]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C7609FFDAFF8EFF44FE98FE93274B" box="[192,278,290,314]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
occurs at the beginning of the rainy season (April to June) the period when egg laying occurs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B943699FFDAFF8EFF44FED8FC2427CB" blockId="8.[192,1440,354,442]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95FEA8BFFDAFF8EFF44FED8FEBD270B" bold="true" box="[192,312,354,378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||
The larva bores and destroys the stem medulla and vascular strands of coffee plants causing disruption of sap flow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13102A1CFFDAFF8EFE59FE38FDDC27E8" box="[477,601,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="19.[192,276,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,192,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[188,1441,189,1744]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 58. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. A-B. adult male. C. frontal view of head. D. full grown larva. E. Damage on coffee plants. Sawdust at the base of a stem attacked by a larva. F. gallery in the main root. G. gallery and pupal chamber in the stem. H. adult exit hole in a coffee stem 8 cm above the ground." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5178579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5178579/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figure 58</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stem and root borer attacks coffee trees of all ages. When the trees are less than 18 months old are more prone to wilting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |