213 lines
19 KiB
XML
213 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C670A202F894FBAEF2635154" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Macronycteris vittatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="233" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1658319070246" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810908" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C670A202F894FBAEF2635154" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C670A202F894FBAEF2635154" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<heading pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<subSubSection box="[1900,1976,1076,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1894,3265,1076,1191]" box="[1900,1976,1076,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<figureCitation box="[1900,1976,1076,1137]" captionStart="Plate 16: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="2.[175,218,4379,4408]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia arabica), 2. Somalian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia italosomalica), 3. Patrizi’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia patrizii), 4. Geoffroy’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia tridens), 5. Greater Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina camerunensis), 6. Telefomin Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina corynophyllus), 7. Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina cyclops), 8. Hill’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina edwardshilli), 9. Fly River Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina muscinus), 10. Semon’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina semoni), 11. Northern Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina stenotis), 12. Wollaston’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina wollastoni), 13. Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris commersonii), 14. Madagascar Cryptic Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris cryptovalorona), 15. Giant Leaf-nosed Bat Macronycteris gigas rench: (Phyllorhine géante), 16. Sao Tome Leaf-nosed Bat Macronycteris thomensis rench: Phyllorhine de (Sao Tomé), 17. Striped Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris vittatus), 18. Dong Bac Trident Bat (Aselliscus dongbacanus), 19. Stoliczka’s Trident Bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus), 20. Temminck’s Trident Bat (Aselliscus tricuspidatus), 21. East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed (Bat Coelopsfrithii), 22. Malayan Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat (Coelops robinsoni), 23. Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat (Anthops omatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739810/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">17.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1997,2641,1076,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1894,3265,1076,1191]" box="[1997,2641,1076,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<vernacularName box="[1997,2641,1076,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Striped Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2705,3265,1076,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1894,3265,1076,1191]" box="[2705,3265,1076,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[2705,3265,1076,1137]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
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<emphasis box="[2705,3265,1076,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Macronycteris vittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1895,3209,1156,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1894,3265,1076,1191]" box="[1895,3209,1156,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1895,1998,1156,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2010,2239,1156,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Phyllorhine rayée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2267,2390,1156,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2400,2737,1156,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Gestreifte Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2764,2889,1156,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2900,3209,1156,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Macronicterio de rayas</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[2716,3522,1259,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2718,2931,1259,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">Phyllorrhina vittata Peters, 1852</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[2716,3522,1259,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598318" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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Ibo Island, Cap Delgado Province,
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<collectingCountry box="[2719,2971,1365,1404]" name="Mozambique" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[2716,3522,1259,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[2720,3097,1418,1457]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">Macronycteris vittatus</taxonomicName>
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was previously considered conspecific with
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[3134,3287,1472,1511]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">M. gigas</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1813" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">M. commersonii</taxonomicName>
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(under the latter name), and this has created much confusion in the records from old literature. It includes tnarungenris as a synonym. It is not clear whether there are any subspecies within this taxon as it is currently understood. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749071/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" startId="6.[1891,2124,1841,1880]" targetBox="[1890,2688,1261,1822]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1891,2131,1841,1880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Widespread in the savanna regions of Africa, patchily N of the equator from
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<collectingCountry box="[1997,2247,1893,1932]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2267,2482,1893,1932]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2502,2646,1893,1932]" name="Nigeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2667,3146,1893,1932]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3167,3334,1893,1932]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3354,3508,1893,1932]" name="Somalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[1975,2095,1947,1986]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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; S of the equator recorded from SE
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<collectingCountry box="[2784,2988,1947,1986]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3007,3183,1947,1986]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3200,3342,1947,1986]" name="Angola" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Angola</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3362,3509,1947,1986]" name="Zambia" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1891,2027,2000,2039]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2048,2213,2000,2039]" name="Namibia" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2235,2417,2000,2039]" name="Botswana" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2438,2638,2000,2039]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2659,2912,2000,2039]" name="Mozambique" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, and extreme NE
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<collectingCountry box="[3264,3508,2000,2039]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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; also in
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<collectingCountry box="[2026,2193,2053,2092]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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Archipelago (
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<collectingRegion box="[2465,2600,2053,2092]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Pemba</collectingRegion>
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, Unguja, and Mafia Is).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1890,2232,2105,2144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 97-122 mm, tail 22-39 mm, ear 23-35 mm, hindfoot 17-25 mm, forearm 84-106 mm; weight 51-180 g. Males are larger than females with latter being a richer reddish brown. The Striped Leaf-nosed Bat has a distinctive noseleaf that is divided into four cells on its posterior margin with three lateral leaflets. Pelage is dense and short, pale brown to reddish brown dorsally with patches of frosting particularly on head and nape. Fur is somewhat paler ventrally with frosting. Flanks and armpits are white, and there is dark band across shoulders. Ears are long and narrow. A frontal sac is present in both sexes. This species is difficult to distinguish from the Giant Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[2399,2561,2530,2569]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">M. gigas</taxonomicName>
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), but is slightly smaller and paler. Karyotype is 2n = 52 (
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<collectingCountry box="[1997,2245,2583,2622]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1887,2040,2637,2676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Wooded savanna and coastal forest, but may extend into drier savannas along rivers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1887,2242,2743,2782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Striped Leaf-nosed Bat is insectivorous, feeding predominantly on large beetles (Coleoptera), which it captures by sallying out from a perch; the bat then returns to its perch, where prey is consumed. Perches are in tall trees and typically C.
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<quantity box="[1921,1993,2901,2940]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
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aboveground. The bat scans through an arc of 180° and flies out to intercept prey passing within
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<quantity box="[2273,2371,2955,2994]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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. Bats appear to get most of their foraging done within the first hour after sunset. They accumulate large reserves offat during the wet season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1886,2069,3060,3099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Breeding.</emphasis>
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A single young is bom during a restricted breeding season, which varies geographically. For 4-5 months leading up to the mating season males aggressively defend territories, with many males being wounded during these conflicts. Territorial behavior ends after the mating season. In
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<collectingCountry box="[2684,2884,3218,3257]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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, mating takes place in June-July, during the dry season, and births occur in October-November, at the beginning of the rains. In
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<collectingCountry box="[2053,2172,3324,3363]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, mating takes place inJuly-August and young are bom during the wet season in March-April. Females lactate for at least 13 weeks, and young can fly short distances at about two weeks of age. Females form maternity roosts after mating and while suckling their young.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1882,2199,3535,3574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Striped Leaf-nosed Bat roosts predominantly in caves, but also in tall trees, usually in forested areas. During the cool dry season, it may remain inactive (but not torpid) at its roost for several days presumably taking advantage of accumulated fat reserves. Echolocation call includes a F component at c.62-66 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1883,2847,3747,3786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Some populations are migratory, for example in
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<collectingCountry box="[2167,2284,3799,3838]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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where they migrate between coastal areas and inland sites to take advantage of differences in rainfall (and presumably insect food supply). Individuals apparently forage singly, flying relatively short distances between roosting and foraging sites. Striped Leaf-nosed Bats typically roost in colonies of a few hundred individuals, but some roosts comprise tens of thousands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1882,2355,4063,4102]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCNRed List (as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">Hipposideros vittatus</taxonomicName>
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) due to the fact that a large proportion of the global population roosts as large colonies in just a handful of caves, where this species is disturbed and hunted for food.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1880,3519,1841,4626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1882,2088,4280,4309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Aggundey & Schütter (1984), Aldridge & Rautenbach (1987), Bernard & Cumming (1997), Churchill eta/. (1997), Cockle eta/. (1998), Cooper-Bohannon eta/. (2016), Cotterill & Fergusson (1999), Decher eta/. (2010), ahr & Kalko (2011), Fenton (1985b), Fenton & Bell (1981), Foley, Goodman eta/. (2017), Foley, Thong Vu Dinh eta/. (2015), Goodman, Schoeman eta/. (2016), Hill (1963a), McWilliam (1982), Mickleburgh, Hutson, Bergmans & Cotterill (2008c), Monadjem, Richards,Taylor, Denys eta/. (2013), Monadjem, Schoeman eta/. (2010), Monadjem, Taylor eta/. (2010), Patterson & Webala (2012), Pye (1972), Rautenbach eta/. (1993), Shapiro eta/. (2016), Skinner & Chimimba (2005), Smithers (1971), Vaughan (1977), Whitaker & Black (1976).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |