331 lines
39 KiB
XML
331 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.267.3935" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16f0af1e-5633-447e-81b2-681918fca237" ID-PMC="PMC3591758" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-267-1" ID-PubMed="23653520" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-267-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 267" ModsDocTitle="Endemism of subterranean Diacyclops in Korea and Japan, with descriptions of seven new species of the languidoides-group and redescriptions of D. brevifurcus Ishida, 2006 and D. suoensis Ito, 1954 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida)" checkinTime="1451247686527" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Karanovic, Tomislav, Grygier, Mark J. & Lee, Wonchoel" docDate="2013" docId="8DA0B51D858315734889C60213A62C0E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 267: 1-76" docOrigin="ZooKeys 267" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.267.3935" docTitle="Diacyclops suoensis Ito 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFC69100FF80FF990E44FFE8FFACFF8A" masterDocTitle="Endemism of subterranean Diacyclops in Korea and Japan, with descriptions of seven new species of the languidoides-group and redescriptions of D. brevifurcus Ishida, 2006 and D. suoensis Ito, 1954 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida)" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668155306612" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Endemism of subterranean Diacyclops in Korea and Japan, with descriptions of seven new species of the languidoides-group and redescriptions of D. brevifurcus Ishida, 2006 and D. suoensis Ito, 1954 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Karanovic, Tomislav</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grygier, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Wonchoel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>267</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>76</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.267.3935</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.267.3935</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-267-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152040454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8DA0B51D858315734889C60213A62C0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DA0B51D858315734889C60213A62C0E" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Diacyclops_suoensis" authority="Ito, 1954" authorityName="Ito" authorityYear="1954" class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis Ito, 1954</taxonomicName>
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Figs 141726F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops languidoides subsp. suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="languidoides" subSpecies="suoensis">Diacyclops languidoides suoensis</taxonomicName>
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n. subsp. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Ito, T" journalOrPublisher="Report of the Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="372 - 416" title="Cyclopoida copepods of Japanese subterranean waters." url="10.1007/BF00021005" volume="1" year="1954">Ito 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 399, Figs 114-148. Synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops languidoides subsp. suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="languidoides" subSpecies="suoensis">Diacyclops languidoides suoensis</taxonomicName>
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Ito -
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<bibRefCitation author="Ito, T" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 28" title="Groundwater copepods from south-western Japan." volume="11" year="1957">Ito 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 15, fig. 45. [partim.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops languidoides subsp. suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="languidoides" subSpecies="suoensis">Diacyclops languidoides suoensis</taxonomicName>
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Ito -
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<bibRefCitation author="Ito, T" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 28" title="Groundwater copepods from south-western Japan." volume="11" year="1957">Ito 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 15, Figs 35-44, 46-48. [non]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
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Ito -
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<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, H" journalOrPublisher="The Japanese Journal of Limnology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="305 - 312" title="Cyclopoid copepods from a stream in the limestone cave Akiyoshido." url="/10.3739/rikusui.57.305" volume="57" year="1996">Ueda et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 309, fig. 4.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lee, JM" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="155 - 167" title="Four cyclopoid species (Copepoda: Cyclopidae) fromlimestone caves and lava tube in South Korea." url="10.5635/KJSZ.2007.23.2.155" volume="23" year="2007">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 162, Figs 7-8;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chang, CY" journalOrPublisher="Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna and Flora of Korea" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 687" title="Inland-water Copepoda." volume="42" year="2009">Chang 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 478, Figs 263-264. [non]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Japan, Yamaguchi prefecture, Tsunoshima island, Tsuno city, approximately
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.35">34°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="130.86667">130°52'E</geoCoordinate>
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, well with a pump.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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One female dissected on two slides (LBM1430005385), two females dissected on one slide each (LBM1430005386 & LBM1430005387), two females on one slide in toto (LBM1430005388), and three females on one SEM stub (LBM1430005389); all collected from Japan, Shiga prefecture, Otsu city, Nakano 3-chome district, Daido River,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.950718">34°57.043'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="135.95073">135°57.044'E</geoCoordinate>
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, interstitial water from medium to coarse sand, 27 September 2009, leg. T. Karanovic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">Additional</pageBreakToken>
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two females in ethanol (LBM1430005390) from Japan, Shiga prefecture, Lake Biwa, Otsu city, Arakawa district, Matsunoura Beach, lake beach next to mouth of swift-flowing irrigation runoff canal,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.20532">35°12.319'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="135.92947">135°55.768'E</geoCoordinate>
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, interstitial water from medium to coarse sand, 4 October 2009, leg. T. Karanovic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Redescription</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Female (based on eight specimens from Daido River). Total body length, measured from tip of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami (excluding caudal setae), from 391 to 473
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(391
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in holotype). Preserved specimens colourless; no live specimens observed. Integument relatively weakly sclerotised, smooth, without cuticular pits or cuticular windows. Surface ornamentation of somites very similar to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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, consisting of 38 pairs of pores and sensilla (those probably homologous with those of
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
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indicated with same Arabic numerals in Fig. 15A, B, C); no spinules except on anal somite, caudal rami, and appendages. Habitus (Fig. 14A) relatively robust, not dorso-ventrally compressed, with prosome/urosome ratio 1.3 and greatest width in dorsal view at posterior end of cephalothorax, only slightly arched backwards between prosome and urosome. Body length/width ratio about three (dorsal view); cephalothorax 2.1 times as wide as genital double-somite. Free pedigerous somites without lateral or dorsal expansions, all connected with well developed arthrodial membranes, and with narrow and smooth hyaline fringes, but arthrodial membranes not as exposed as in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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. Pleural areas of cephalothorax and free pedigerous somites short, not covering insertions of cephalic appendages or praecoxae of swimming legs in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Rostrum, cephalothorax, and three free pedigerous somites ornamented as in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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, except dorsal unpaired pores (nos. I, II) absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Cephalothorax (Fig. 14A) relatively large (arrowed in Fig. 14A), 1.1 times as long as its greatest width (dorsal view), widest at posterior end in dorsal view and tapering towards anteriorly, oval; representing 35% of total body length (together with rostrum). Surface of cephalic shield ornamented as in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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with 20 pairs of long sensilla (nos. 2-4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 21, 23, 24, 31, 38, 39, 42, 45, 48, 50); no pores visible; sensilla 39-50 belonging to first pedigerous somite, incorporated into cephalothorax.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Second pedigerous somite (Figs 14A) relatively short, tapering posteriorly, ornamented with just one pair of dorsal sensilla (no. 61) as in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Third pedigerous somite (Fig. 14A) slightly longer than second and significantly narrower in dorsal view, also tapering posteriorly, ornamented with four pairs of large sensilla (nos. 63, 64, 72, 74); unpaired dorsal pore (no. I) absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fourth pedigerous somite (Figs 14A) significantly shorter and narrower than third, tapering posteriorly, ornamented with only two pairs of large sensilla (nos. 75, 77); unpaired dorsal pore (no. II) absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fifth pedigerous somite (Fig. 15A, B, C) short, significantly narrower than fourth pedigerous somite or genital double-somite in dorsal view, ornamented with two pairs of large dorsal sensilla (nos. 80, 81); unpaired dorsal pore (no. III) absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Genital double-somite (Fig. 15A, B, C) large, slightly more slender than in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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, with deep lateral recesses at level of sixth legs and swollen antero-ventrally, widest at first third of its length and gradually tapering posteriorly, as long as its greatest width (dorsal view); ornamented with one pair of central dorsal sensilla (no. 86), one pair of posterior lateral sensilla (no. 96), and one pair of ventral posterior pores (no. 97); central dorsal pair of sensilla probably serially homologous to those on fifth pedigerous somite (i.e. 86=80), but posterior sensilla and pores without ho
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">mologous</pageBreakToken>
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pairs; dorsal pair of central sensilla no. 88 absent. Copulatory pore small, oval, situated ventrally at about midlenth of double-somite; copulatory duct narrow, siphon-shaped, well sclerotised. Hyaline fringe wavy, not serrated. Seminal receptacle
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">butterfly-shaped</pageBreakToken>
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, but with much thicker and shorter lateral arms than in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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(arrowed in Fig. 15C); representing 43% of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="double-somite’s">double-somite's</normalizedToken>
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length; oviducts broad and well sclerotised. Ovipores situated dorso-laterally at 2/5 of double-somite length, covered by reduced sixth legs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Third urosomite (Fig. 15A, B, C) similar in size and shape to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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, but lateral pair of sensilla (no. 100) absent, only ornamentation ventral posterior pair of pores (no. 102); hyaline fringe wavy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Preanal urosomite (Fig. 15A, B, C) as in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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, unornamented and with wavy hyaline fridge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Anal somite (Fig. 15A, B, C) also similar to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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, but with posterior row of spinules limited to ventral surface and composed of much smaller spinules. Anal sinus ornamented with two diagonal rows of minute spinules. Anal operculum wide, short, only slightly convex, not reaching posterior margin of anal somite, representing 54% of anal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="somite’s">somite's</normalizedToken>
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width.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Caudal rami (Fig. 14A, 15A, B, C) proportionately longer than in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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(arrowed in Fig. 15C), and with shorter outermost terminal seta (arrowed in Fig. 15A), longer innermost terminal seta (arrowed in Fig. 15A), and much longer dorsal seta (arrowed in Figs 14A, 15A), approximately 3.4 times as long as wide (ventral view) and 2.5 times as long as anal somite; ornamented with one pore on tip of small protuberance on distal margin ventrally between two principal terminal setae (no. 108), and rows of small spinules at base of lateral setae. Dorsal seta slender, about 2.2 times as long as ramus and almost as long as outer principal terminal seta, inserted at 5/6 of ramus length, biarticulate at base (inserted on small pseudo-joint) and bipinnate distally. Lateral seta minute, inserted dorso-laterally at 2/3 of ramus length, about half as long as ramus width, unipinnate laterally and uniarticulate at base. Outermost terminal seta stout, spiniform, 0.4 times as long as ramus, densely bipinnate. Innermost terminal seta more slender and 0.8 as long as outermost terminal one, also densely bipinnate. Principal terminal setae with breaking planes, bipinnate; inner principal terminal seta about 1.8 times as long as outer one and 4.2 times as long as caudal rami.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Antennula (Fig. 14B) unornamented, segmentation and armature as in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
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, except eighth segment proportionatelly longer (arrowed in Fig. 14B) and aesthetasc on eighth segment proportionatelly shorter (reaching posterior margin of ninth segment; arrowed in Fig. 14B). Length ratio of antennular segments, from proximal end and along caudal margin, 1: 0.5: 0.9: 0.5: 0.4: 0.7: 1.2: 1: 0.6: 0.8: 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Antenna (Fig. 14C) with fewer spinules on basis than in
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<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
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, but all other ornamentation, as well as segmentation and armature without any difference.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Labrum (Figs 16A, 26F) relatively large trapezoidal plate with mascular base and strongly sclerotised distal margin (cutting edge), ornamented with two diagonal rows of 11 to 13 long and slender spinules on anterior surface; cutting edge almost straight, with 16 to 18 sharp teeth between produced and rounded lateral corners.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Mandibula (Fig. 16B, C, D) very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with additional small unicuspidate tooth on cutting edge (part of dorsalmost, partly fused group of three theeth).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Maxillula</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Figs 16E, F, 26F) segmentation, armature, and ornamentation as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but free distal spine on praecoxal arthrite more pinnate and endopodal setae less pinnate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Maxilla (Fig. 16G) segmentation, armature, and ornamentation as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except basal claw slightly longer (arrowed in Fig. 16G), and with only three small spinules on dorsal margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Maxilliped (Fig. 16H) with more spinules in anterior row on basis, but other ornamentation, as well as segmentation and armature, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
All swimming legs (Fig. 17A, B, C, D) generally similar to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; but second endopodal segment of first leg with one additional seta (arrowed in Fig. 17A) and all legs with small differences in ornamentation of some segments and proportions of some setae. Segmentation formula, as well as ultimate exopodal segment spine and setal formulae, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">First swimming leg (Fig. 17A) without large spinules on coxa and with inner notch on second endopodal segment (arrowed in Fig. 17A), with additional inner seta on second endopodal segment (arrowed in Fig. 17A); apical spine on second endopodal segment slightly outwardly unguiculate, 0.9 times as long as segment, and 0.7 times as long as distal inner seta; second endopodal segment about 1.7 times as long as wide and 1.6 times as long as first endopodal segment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Second swimming leg (Fig. 17B) without large spinules on posterior surface of coxa and with inner notch on second endopodal segment (arrowed in Fig. 17B); apical spine on second endopodal segment 0.7 times as long as segment or distal inner seta; second endopodal segment about 1.8 times as long as wide and 1.6 times as long as first endopodal segment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Third swimming leg (Fig. 17C) also without large spinules on posterior surface of coxa (arrowed in Fig. 17C), with two short rows of large spinules on anterior surface of intercoxal sclerite (arrowed in Fig. 17C), and with normally developed proximal seta on third endopodal segment (arrowed in Fig. 17C); apical spine on third endopodal segment 0.7 times as long as segment and less than half as long as apical seta; third endopodal segment with pore on anterior surface, about 1.5 times as long as wide and 1.6 times as long as second endopodal segment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fourth swimming leg (Fig. 17D) without large spinules on posterior margin of coxa (arrowed in Fig. 17D), and with proximal inner seta on third endopodal segment longer than distal inner seta (arrowed in Fig. 17D); third endopodal segment about 1.2 times as long as wide, and 1.2 times as long as second endopodal segment; inner apical spine on third endopodal segment 1.2 times as long as outer apical spine, 0.8 times as long as segment, and less than 0.4 times as long as distal inner seta; apical spines diverging at about 20° angle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Fifth leg (Fig. 17E) very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but basal seta and exopod proportionally shorter; protopod small and narrow, rhomboidal in shape and about as long as greatest width, unornamented, armed with single outer slender, short seta, this being inserted on very short setophore and unipinnate distally; exopod slightly narrower than protopod, almost cylindrical but with narrowed proximal part, 1.8 times as
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
|
||
as protopod and 2.2 times as long as wide, unornamented, armed with long apical seta and subapical inner spine; apical seta bipinnate distally, 3.3 times as long as basal seta, 4.8 times as long as exopod, and five times as long as subapical spine, reaching
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||
2/3 length of genital double-somite; subapical exopodal spine only slightly shorter than exopod and twice as long as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="exopod’s">exopod's</normalizedToken>
|
||
greatest width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Sixth leg (Fig. 15A, B) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with slightly longer outer seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Male. Not collected.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
This record extends the known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
more than 290 km eastward.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ito, T" journalOrPublisher="Report of the Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="372 - 416" title="Cyclopoida copepods of Japanese subterranean waters." url="10.1007/BF00021005" volume="1" year="1954">Ito (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described it from Tsunoshima island in the Yamaguchi prefecture, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ito, T" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 28" title="Groundwater copepods from south-western Japan." volume="11" year="1957">Ito (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later reported it from Yoshida in Hiroshima prefecture, some 170 km east-northeast of the type locality. All three localities are on Honshu, which is the largest island in Japan.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ito, T" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 28" title="Groundwater copepods from south-western Japan." volume="11" year="1957">Ito (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported and illustrated a population of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Amami-Oshima island, some 650 km south of the type locality. Here we describe this last population as the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops pseudosuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosuoensis">Diacyclops pseudosuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below). Although they form a sibling species pair, the two can be distinguished easily by the relative length of the innermost terminal caudal seta, as well as by the length of the apical spines on the fourth leg endopod. No other species of the languidoides-group has such long dorsal caudal setae as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops pseudosuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosuoensis">Diacyclops pseudosuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except perhaps
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops pelagonicus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagonicus">Diacyclops pelagonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Petkovski, 1971 from Macedonia (although slightly shorter; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petkovski, TK" journalOrPublisher="Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="77 - 114" title="Einige neue und seltene subterrane Cyclopiden (Crustacea Copepoda) aus Jugoslawien." volume="12" year="1971">Petkovski 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This Balkan species also has a similar general shape of the seminal receptacle and fifth leg, but can be distinguished easily from its two East Asian congeners by the absence of an inner seta on the first exopodal segment of all swimming legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the Korean
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parasuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasuoensis">Diacyclops parasuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. by the size of the dorsal caudal seta, as well as by the proportions of many armature elements and the ornamentation of most appendages. Most of these differences are arrowed in Figs 14-17. The very few differences in the patterm of pores and sensilla, and the identical armature of the antenna, however, probably indicate that these two species are not distantly related, and may form a monophyletic group together with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops pseudosuoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosuoensis">Diacyclops pseudosuoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hisuta" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hisuta">Diacyclops hisuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. They are all only remotely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops brevifurcus" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifurcus">Diacyclops brevifurcus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops leeae" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leeae">Diacyclops leeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops hanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hanguk">Diacyclops hanguk</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops parahanguk" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parahanguk">Diacyclops parahanguk</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Figure 14.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ito, 1954, female: A habitus, dorsal view B antennula, ventral view C antenna, ventral view. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bars 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Figure 15.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ito, 1954, female: A urosome, dorsal view B urosome, lateral view C urosome, ventral view. Arabic numerals indicating sensilla and pores presumably homologous to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops ishidai" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Diacyclops ishidai</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bar 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Figure 16.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ito, 1954, female: A labrum, anterior view B mandibula, anterior view C cutting edge of mandibula, posterior view D cutting edge of mandibula, dorsal view E maxillula, posterior view F maxillular palp, posterior view G maxilla, anterior view H maxilliped, anterior view. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bar 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Figure 17.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Diacyclops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diacyclops suoensis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suoensis">Diacyclops suoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ito, 1954, female: A first swimming leg, anterior view B endopod of second swimming leg, anterior view C third swimming leg, anterior view D fourth swimming leg, anterior view E fifth leg, anterior view. Arrows pointing most prominent specific features. Scale bar 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |