plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/F6/36/87/F636879A9A14D313FF1BFB7FAFC3FCA9.xml
maintenance c3701002f4 added F6
2024-06-21 12:58:09 +02:00

264 lines
36 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="CCBD033147CC00173A301CF4DE5C278A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdf2d056-74f2-4567-8aa3-f378a3ba5578" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215638" ID-ZooBank="5B6FB515-7A55-4C05-AC71-4867C1F7318B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460595449011" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kallies, Axel" docDate="2013" docId="F636879A9A14D313FF1BFB7FAFC3FCA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03641p259.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3641 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Saccocera Kallies, 2013, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="0A0FFFE29A11D315FF8CFFDAAC35FFBD" masterDocTitle="New and little known Brachodidae from tropical Asia and Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="259" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1698326746738" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="5457F2544FF45D741458454C2E1C734E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C4A03AF4CEF444CCD93B37D1CBDABE3C">
<mods:title id="B6A647ABE8BE92525F92CE2F22DCA728">New and little known Brachodidae from tropical Asia and Papua New Guinea (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7443247E719B1AC63F86051536C03E05" type="personal">
<mods:role id="340F47554CBD406706A257E724C492E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="570B13CB1517DD8AC8E8F554E274C177">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="46ECA47178932A018480037F64BA28D3">Kallies, Axel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="54504ED6E588EDEF12F92C2BA3F36A7C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="FF7E6E89BCEA3F07ED8A114C3C5CA089" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="54CF0A36E5907586B88D750BAFC1EDF9">
<mods:title id="8DC6FC790F3327A442FD4908E96C9F21">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B085AB45A7F3F48BC3874F6674472F40">
<mods:date id="E72A2B5E53E0D63FFD2E2FEB56B5E8FB">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A46719BF5902E955EBF4DDD8F16B8156" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4FDEE35131FCC83B33E8A24C848710CB">3641</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D4CE6A8C747170D07CD5E1F2F0B9ADA3" type="issue">
<mods:number id="66FB9AD0F394E59931FE18EC798888B0">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B2DEE18EEA8EFDCFD2BF342A24F49400" unit="page">
<mods:start id="39984CB25444052FE729BCE357285BF8">241</mods:start>
<mods:end id="58B861CA8972C44952FC8AC4900C6160">259</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="50C17237731B38DD8AC9F0F02AE3BF34">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F298EB43E21ED2C43C10BA9CAEA6FE03" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FD1CCEAD3B6076ADA1B78ED1EDF5C523" type="GBIF-Dataset">cdf2d056-74f2-4567-8aa3-f378a3ba5578</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="716203B31CC1B098C6B1F83A2D914F10" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79D0783840B4418B193DF938F73ADB2F" type="Zenodo-Dep">215638</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F6EC1F64696B1FB52D0CCE9281BB5BEB" type="ZooBank">5B6FB515-7A55-4C05-AC71-4867C1F7318B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F636879A9A14D313FF1BFB7FAFC3FCA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6160883" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119566582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6160883" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F636879A9A14D313FF1BFB7FAFC3FCA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F636879A9A14D313FF1BFB7FAFC3FCA9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<subSubSection id="368565079A14D310FF1BFB7FAF59FA46" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A14D310FF1BFB7FADB2FB02" blockId="5.[151,391,1189,1215]" box="[151,391,1189,1215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<heading id="256881E09A14D310FF1BFB7FADB2FB02" bold="true" box="[151,391,1189,1215]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FF1BFB7FADB2FB02" bold="true" box="[151,391,1189,1215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FF1BFB7FAD26FB02" box="[151,275,1189,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FF1BFB7FAD26FB02" bold="true" box="[151,275,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Saccocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57D857E59A14D310FE96FB7FADB2FB02" box="[282,391,1189,1215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A14D310FF1BFB37AF2CFABF" blockId="5.[151,793,1259,1282]" box="[151,793,1259,1282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<typeStatus id="A124882E9A14D310FF1BFB37ACFDFABF" box="[151,200,1261,1282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FEAAFB37AE6BFABC" authority="Kallies, 2004" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="2004" box="[294,606,1259,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Miscera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FEAAFB37ADE4FABF" box="[294,465,1260,1282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Miscera orpheus</emphasis>
Kallies, 2004
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A14D310FDE7FB31AEF3FABC" box="[619,710,1259,1281]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,221,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1715]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Brachodinae. Adults. 1. Synechodes polias sp. nov., male, holotype, Sulawesi (Indonesia), alar expanse 19.5 mm (BMNH). 2. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., male, holotype, India, alar expanse 23.5 mm (BMNH). Fig. 3. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, male, Andaman Isl (India), alar expanse 15.5 mm (BMNH). 4. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004), holotype, male, Java (Indonesia), alar expanse 16.5 mm (RMNH). 5. S. orpheus, paratype, female, Java (Indonesia), alar expanse 24.0 mm (RMNH). 6. Saccocera panaras sp. nov., female, holotype, Papua New Guinea, alar expanse 22.5 mm (BMNH). 7. Saccocera miangkabau sp. nov., female, Sumatra (Indonesia), alar expanse 27.0 mm (CAK). 8. Miscera minahasa sp. nov., female, holotype, Sulawesi (Indonesia), alar expanse 13.8 mm (ANIC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215639/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A14D310FD5DFB36AF24FABF" box="[721,785,1260,1282]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[206,1384,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11 – 12. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004). 11. male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK 238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH). 12. female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH). 13. Synechodes agrippina (Meyrick, 1930), male, Gen. prep. AK 129 / BM 29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH). 14. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 147 / BM 29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">11, 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A14D310FF1BFAF4AF59FA46" blockId="5.[151,1436,1326,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
Representatives of this genus were previously assigned to
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FCD8FAF5A86EFAFB" authority="Walker, 1863" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1863" box="[852,1115,1326,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Miscera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FCD8FAF5AF85FAFB" box="[852,944,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Miscera</emphasis>
Walker, 1863
</taxonomicName>
, although some doubt was expressed about that generic placement (Kallies 2004). With additional material from Asia and
<collectingCountry id="0688761C9A14D310FB48FA89A9A9FAD7" box="[1220,1436,1362,1386]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
and more detailed knowledge of the Australian species of
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FCBBFAADAFA6FA33" box="[823,915,1399,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Miscera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FCBBFAADAFA6FA33" box="[823,915,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Miscera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(unpublished), it is now clear that these taxa belong to a new genus, which is described here. Two species are hereby transferred to
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FB17FA41A925FA0F" box="[1179,1296,1435,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FB17FA41A925FA0F" box="[1179,1296,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Saccocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FAADFA41AD75FA6B" authority="Kallies, 2004" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Miscera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FAADFA41A9AEFA0E" box="[1313,1435,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">S. orpheus</emphasis>
(Kallies, 2004)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57D857E59A14D310FECAFA64AD9DFA6B" box="[326,424,1470,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A14D310FE3BFA64AE2EFA6B" box="[439,539,1470,1494]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,221,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1715]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Brachodinae. Adults. 1. Synechodes polias sp. nov., male, holotype, Sulawesi (Indonesia), alar expanse 19.5 mm (BMNH). 2. Synechodes tamila sp. nov., male, holotype, India, alar expanse 23.5 mm (BMNH). Fig. 3. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, male, Andaman Isl (India), alar expanse 15.5 mm (BMNH). 4. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004), holotype, male, Java (Indonesia), alar expanse 16.5 mm (RMNH). 5. S. orpheus, paratype, female, Java (Indonesia), alar expanse 24.0 mm (RMNH). 6. Saccocera panaras sp. nov., female, holotype, Papua New Guinea, alar expanse 22.5 mm (BMNH). 7. Saccocera miangkabau sp. nov., female, Sumatra (Indonesia), alar expanse 27.0 mm (CAK). 8. Miscera minahasa sp. nov., female, holotype, Sulawesi (Indonesia), alar expanse 13.8 mm (ANIC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215639/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FDD7FA65AF40FA6B" authority="Kallies, 2004" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="2004" box="[603,885,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FDD7FA65AEF0FA6B" box="[603,709,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">S. sauteri</emphasis>
(Kallies, 2004)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57D857E59A14D310FCF0FA64AFEAFA6B" box="[892,991,1470,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and another two species are described,
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FF1BFA39ADA9FA46" box="[151,412,1507,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miangkabau" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FF1BFA39ADA9FA46" box="[151,412,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Saccocera miangkabau</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FE28FA39ADC8FA46" bold="true" box="[420,509,1507,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57D857E59A14D310FE28FA39ADC8FA46" box="[420,509,1507,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FDB8FA39AF3EFA46" box="[564,779,1507,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panaras" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FDB8FA39AF3EFA46" box="[564,779,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Saccocera panaras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FC9EFA39AF59FA46" bold="true" box="[786,876,1507,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57D857E59A14D310FC9EFA39AF59FA46" box="[786,876,1507,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="368565079A14D310FF4BF9DCAD82F84F" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" type="description">
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A14D310FF4BF9DCAED2F883" blockId="5.[151,1436,1326,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FF4BF9DCAD6CF9A2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1542,1567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Description.</emphasis>
Small to medium sized moths, with alar expanses
<quantity id="B9679B699A14D310FC26F9DCA81CF9A3" box="[938,1065,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="16.0">16–27 mm</quantity>
. Head: male antennae relatively short (less than 1/3 length of forewing), prismatic, thickly covered with scales and with very short ciliae, subapically with a light region; female antennae similar but somewhat smoother; haustellum absent; labial palpus straight or slightly up-curved. Thorax: as in other brachodid genera. Abdomen: with faintly lighter or yellow posterior margins of sternites. Forewing: typically brown to black, in most species with indistinct yellow longitudinal streak through cell; remainder of forewing covered with loosely scattered yellow to light brown or grey individual scales that are occasionally white-tipped. Hindwing: with more or less extensive white or yellow markings subbasally. Ventral side of wings very similar to dorsal, but light markings more extensive. Venation similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FED4F8FCADEEF883" box="[344,475,1830,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FED4F8FCADEEF883" box="[344,475,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(comp. Heppner 1990).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A14D310FF4BF890AD82F84F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1326,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FF4BF890AD09F8DE" bold="true" box="[199,316,1866,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Genitalia.</emphasis>
Male (
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A14D310FE00F890ADE8F8DF" box="[396,477,1866,1890]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[206,1384,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11 – 12. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004). 11. male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK 238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH). 12. female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH). 13. Synechodes agrippina (Meyrick, 1930), male, Gen. prep. AK 129 / BM 29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH). 14. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 147 / BM 29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Uncus triangular, weakly developed, gnathos consisting of two lateral arms fused at tip, without hook-like extension (arrow), juxta asymmetrical, phallus with well-developed coecum penis. Female (
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A14D310FF13F848ACC7F817" box="[159,242,1938,1962]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[206,1384,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11 – 12. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004). 11. male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK 238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH). 12. female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH). 13. Synechodes agrippina (Meyrick, 1930), male, Gen. prep. AK 129 / BM 29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH). 14. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 147 / BM 29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor short and wide (in comparison to
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A14D310FD76F849AF48F816" box="[762,893,1939,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A14D310FD76F849AF48F816" box="[762,893,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A14D310FC06F848AFEEF817" box="[906,987,1938,1962]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[206,1384,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11 – 12. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004). 11. male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK 238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH). 12. female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH). 13. Synechodes agrippina (Meyrick, 1930), male, Gen. prep. AK 129 / BM 29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH). 14. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 147 / BM 29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), with well-developed triangular pouchlike structure ventrally (arrow) and broad, well-developed papillae anales; ductus bursae short; corpus bursae small and weakly membranous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="368565079A17D313FF4BFF4DAD1FFD81" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A17D313FF4BFF4DAD1FFD81" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FF4BFF4DAD74FF0D" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Externally,
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FE40FF42AE75FF12" box="[460,576,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FE40FF42AE75FF12" box="[460,576,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Saccocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the greatly reduced or altogether lost haustellum (welldeveloped in
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FEB8FF66AD82FF69" box="[308,439,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FEB8FF66AD82FF69" box="[308,439,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FE78FF67AE65FF69" box="[500,592,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Miscera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FE78FF67AE65FF69" box="[500,592,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Miscera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the short antennae (longer in
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FC62FF66A844FF69" box="[1006,1137,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FC62FF66A844FF69" box="[1006,1137,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FB22FF67A93FFF69" box="[1198,1290,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Miscera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FB22FF67A93FFF69" box="[1198,1290,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Miscera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Species of
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FF1BFF3AAD39FF4A" box="[151,268,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FF1BFF3AAD39FF4A" box="[151,268,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Saccocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typically have an indistinct yellow longitudinal streak along the lower edge of the discal cell of the forewing (absent in
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FEF3FEDEAE37FEA1" box="[383,514,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FEF3FEDEAE37FEA1" box="[383,514,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and usually lack the white-tipped individual scales that cover the forewings of
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FF1BFEF2AD2FFEFD" box="[151,282,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FF1BFEF2AD2FFEFD" box="[151,282,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the male genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FDBAFEF2AE9EFE82" box="[566,683,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FDBAFEF2AE9EFE82" box="[566,683,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Saccocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(known only for the
<typeStatus id="A124882E9A17D313FC38FEF2AFD1FEFD" box="[948,996,296,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FBD9FEF2A8E4FEFD" box="[1109,1233,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Miscera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orpheus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FBD9FEF2A8E4FEFD" box="[1109,1233,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">S. orpheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A17D313FB68FEFDA90DFE82" box="[1252,1336,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[206,1384,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11 – 12. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004). 11. male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK 238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH). 12. female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH). 13. Synechodes agrippina (Meyrick, 1930), male, Gen. prep. AK 129 / BM 29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH). 14. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 147 / BM 29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FEF7FE96ADCBFED9" box="[379,510,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FEF7FE96ADCBFED9" box="[379,510,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(illustrated for
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FD30FE96A847FED9" authority="Meyrick, 1930" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1930" box="[700,1138,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrippina">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FD30FE96AF8CFED9" box="[700,953,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes agrippina</emphasis>
Meyrick, 1930
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A17D313FB0FFE96A8EDFED9" box="[1155,1240,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[206,1384,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11 – 12. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004). 11. male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK 238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH). 12. female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH). 13. Synechodes agrippina (Meyrick, 1930), male, Gen. prep. AK 129 / BM 29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH). 14. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 147 / BM 29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) by the reduced gnathos that lacks the hook-like extension; the asymmetrical juxta; the triangular, weakly developed uncus; and the well-developed coecum penis of the phallus. In the female genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FC1BFE4FA839FE11" box="[919,1036,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FC1BFE4FA839FE11" box="[919,1036,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Saccocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A17D313FB97FE4EA859FE11" box="[1051,1132,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[206,1384,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11 – 12. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004). 11. male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK 238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH). 12. female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH). 13. Synechodes agrippina (Meyrick, 1930), male, Gen. prep. AK 129 / BM 29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH). 14. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 147 / BM 29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FF1BFE62AD2FFE6D" box="[151,282,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FF1BFE62AD2FFE6D" box="[151,282,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(illustrated for
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FE4BFE62AFBDFE72" authority="Kallies 2004" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="2004" box="[455,904,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FE4BFE62AEC4FE6D" box="[455,753,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes andamanensis</emphasis>
Kallies 2004
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="E6A42A099A17D313FC1FFE6DAFD6FE72" box="[915,995,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[218,1374,200,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[206,1384,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Brachodinae. Male and female genitalia. 11 – 12. Saccocera orpheus (Kallies, 2004). 11. male, holotype, Gen. prep. AK 238 (arrow indicates gnathos) (RMNH). 12. female, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 40 (arrow indicates position of pouch-like structure at the ovipositior) (RMNH). 13. Synechodes agrippina (Meyrick, 1930), male, Gen. prep. AK 129 / BM 29206 (arrow indicates gnathos) (BMNH). 14. Synechodes andamanensis Kallies, 2004, paratype, Gen. prep. AK 147 / BM 29208 (arrow indicates ovipositior without pouch-like structure) (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215641/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) by the short and wide ovipositor (long and narrow in
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FEB7FE06AD8BFE49" box="[315,446,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FEB7FE06AD8BFE49" box="[315,446,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which bears a well-developed triangular pouch-like structure (lacking in
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FA84FE06A9BEFE49" box="[1288,1419,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FA84FE06A9BEFE49" box="[1288,1419,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the broad, well-developed papillae anales (smaller in
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FCA9FDDAAF9DFDA5" box="[805,936,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FCA9FDDAAF9DFDA5" box="[805,936,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and the small corpus bursae (larger in
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FF1BFDFEAD2FFD81" box="[151,282,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FF1BFDFEAD2FFD81" box="[151,282,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="368565079A17D313FF4BFD9DAD01FD39" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A17D313FF4BFD9DAD01FD39" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FF4BFD9DAD55FDDD" bold="true" box="[199,352,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Distribution.</emphasis>
Species of this genus are known from
<collectingCountry id="0688761C9A17D313FC9DFD9DAF53FDE2" box="[785,870,583,607]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and New
<collectingCountry id="0688761C9A17D313FB74FD9DA972FDE2" box="[1272,1351,583,607]" name="Ireland" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Ireland</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="0688761C9A17D313FADAFD9DAD1CFD39" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="368565079A17D313FF4BFD55AFC3FCA9" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7E20368C9A17D313FF4BFD55AFC3FCA9" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FF4BFD55AD12FD15" bold="true" box="[199,295,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Biology.</emphasis>
The biology of
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FE51FD4AAE67FD1A" box="[477,594,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FE51FD4AAE67FD1A" box="[477,594,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Saccocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is unknown; however, species of the related genus
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FB63FD4AA947FD15" box="[1263,1394,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FB63FD4AA947FD15" box="[1263,1394,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are borers in the petioles or inflorescence of palms (Kallies 2004). The long, narrow, extensible ovipositor of
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FF1BFD02AD2FFD4D" box="[151,282,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Synechodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FF1BFD02AD2FFD4D" box="[151,282,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Synechodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests that females lay their eggs deep into crevasses, presumably at the base of the petioles. The short, wide, modified ovipositor of
<taxonomicName id="B99F4D0F9A17D313FDA8FD27AEACFCA9" box="[548,665,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Brachodidae" genus="Saccocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CEBEA9E9A17D313FDA8FD27AEACFCA9" box="[548,665,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Saccocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests a different behaviour.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink