620 lines
120 KiB
XML
620 lines
120 KiB
XML
<document id="74EC7D48F5E6A4EDC635FCCAC0473FCD" ID-CLB-Dataset="29502" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74b777c9-eae0-4770-8c86-dcbb10fb06b3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1437848" ID-ZooBank="D66524CF-9C6D-4DF4-8CA2-B2C9708CF5FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538125412450" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P. & Melnik, Viacheslav P." docDate="2018" docId="521587E4563A550909EEFCEF884EFDBB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4484.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4484 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pandanipora helix Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="AE2CFF9C563255070979FF888A4AFF87" masterDocTitle="Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698557051871" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3EC866FFFE06ED217C8AA017E828B81">
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<mods:title id="F6C1E67124188404735A91CA7363D111">Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FAAEEF202B6A31A7C1D89C243C73D1AA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C212631958667FAFDD276CA85E00AE73">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2CC40B8C52B7CE8E8C71CF82F2EC7067">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A05887F2B59384AF50A4D76A16F46485">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8B036158302E00D4DE28B36520BFF59C">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="AA64519B427EF9FDC135D0CF93B9D11C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4B5ACE2EFF1670315C4BFBB618342587">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="58ADC02B940F40216926CEED89AD2A12">Melnik, Viacheslav P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="375ACEE2A07DD08224FFFE412BF6CAC1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="510B5D6E7FE74271BCA678F267EBEB2B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7D5684A738CF85E29FA2027E338990CE">
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<mods:date id="967789480ABCD4B358DE6ADC2870E12C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6AECEFC40DB974638A7CD1EBBF307D5D">2018-09-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6CC7325FA55EB36039B31BCC93D32268" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0EEAB9D0C281AB644F2E6DFE4F4D3433">4484</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AA8A4F08AF0C1F0B017397D1A3F44287" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="1F85BC226B8035889CC79B3992B733B5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="521587E4563A550909EEFCEF884EFDBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5989777" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148403742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5989777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:521587E4563A550909EEFCEF884EFDBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/521587E4563A550909EEFCEF884EFDBB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="92A66579563A550F09EEFCEF8B13FC24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2563A550F09EEFCEF8B88FC05" blockId="8.[151,450,871,931]" box="[151,450,871,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="814B819E563A550F09EEFCEF8B88FC05" bold="true" box="[151,450,871,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F09EEFCEF8B88FC05" bold="true" box="[151,450,871,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563A550F09EEFCEF8B32FC06" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,376,871,897]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F09EEFCEF8B32FC06" bold="true" box="[151,376,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pandanipora helix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B563A550F08F9FCE08B88FC05" box="[384,450,872,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2563A550F09EEFC028B13FC24" blockId="8.[151,450,871,931]" box="[151,345,906,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F09E6FC028B56FC24" box="[159,284,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,392,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,392,1715]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colonies of some cyclostome bryozoans, in vivo, attached to polymetallic nodules. A–E, Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp.: A, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 190; B, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 262; C, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; D, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; E, specimen GLD 4–11, Stn 212. F, Tubuliporina sp. indet., specimen YMG18–01, Stn 7. G, H, Abyssoecia elevata n. gen., n. sp.: G, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 196; H, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 191. I, Discantenna metallica n. sp.: specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224. J, K, Frontohornera frontalis n. gen., n. sp.: J, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 124; K, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 210. L, Alyonushka hystricosa n. gen., n. sp.: specimen GLD4–09, Stn 199. M, Calyssopora volcano n. gen., n. sp.: specimen YMG18–01, Stn 33. N, O, Anyuta anastema n. gen., n. sp.: N, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180; O, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 71. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437852/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F085EFC028B1BFC24" box="[295,337,906,931]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox-0="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetBox-1="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92A66579563A550F09EEFC5A891BFB80" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2563A550F09EEFC5A8F4DFC6F" blockId="8.[151,1287,978,1031]" box="[151,1287,978,1000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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‘?
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<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563A550F09C8FC5B8B76FC6F" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[177,316,978,1000]" class="Monothalamea" family="Sedis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="family">Incertae sedis</taxonomicName>
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no. 4’ Harmelin & d’Hondt 1982: 13, pl. 4, figs 1–2; d’Hondt & Schopf 1985: 950, pl. 8, fig. 5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2563A550F09EEFC79891BFB80" blockId="8.[151,1287,978,1031]" box="[151,849,1009,1031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">‘Cyclostome indéterminé’ d’Hondt & Schopf 1985: 949, pl. 8, fig. 3.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92A66579563A550F09EEFBBC8ED2F9EF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DA0336F2563A550F09EEFBBC8ED2F9EF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F09EEFBBC8BCCFBCA" bold="true" box="[151,390,1076,1101]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F08EBFBBC8BB3FBCA" box="[402,505,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Holotype</emphasis>
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: ZIRAS 1/50667, colony detached from nodule, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0DB6FBBC8F07FBCA" box="[1231,1357,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gelendzhik</emphasis>
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cruise GLD4–12, Stn 238,
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<date id="AE021032563A550F08F8FBD08878FBF7" box="[385,562,1111,1136]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2013-03-11">11 March 2013</date>
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, 13.44587° N, 132.91008° W,
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<quantity id="1D449B17563A550F0AEDFBD089A4FBE8" box="[916,1006,1112,1136]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.772" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="4772.0">4772 m</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0A82FBD18E2BFBF7" box="[1019,1121,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paratype</emphasis>
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1: ZIRAS 2/50668, colony detached from nodule, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0B58FBF488A5FB12" box="[545,751,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Yuzhmorgeologiya</emphasis>
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cruise YMG4–04, Stn 61,
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<date id="AE021032563A550F0D5FFBF48EBDFB12" box="[1062,1271,1148,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2005-09-05">5 September 2005</date>
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, 13.59717° N, 130.65212° W,
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<quantity id="1D449B17563A550F083EFB178BEAFB30" box="[327,416,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.008" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="5008.0">5008 m</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F08D2FB298858FB3F" box="[427,530,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paratype</emphasis>
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2: ZIRAS 3/50669, colony detached from nodule, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0DADFB178F18FB3F" box="[1236,1362,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gelendzhik</emphasis>
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cruise GLD4–08, Stn 153,
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<date id="AE021032563A550F08FCFB4C886BFB5B" box="[389,545,1220,1245]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2009-07-26">26 July 2009</date>
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, 13.15205° N, 133.89166° W,
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<quantity id="1D449B17563A550F0AF2FB4C89ACFB5B" box="[907,998,1220,1245]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.014" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="5014.0">5014 m</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0A8CFB4D8E16FB5B" box="[1013,1116,1221,1244]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paratype</emphasis>
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3: ZIRAS 4/50670, colony detached from nodule, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0B62FB6F88D3FA87" box="[539,665,1255,1280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gelendzhik</emphasis>
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cruise GLD4–12, Stn 259,
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<date id="AE021032563A550F0AB6FB608E3AFA87" box="[975,1136,1255,1280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2013-04-10">10 April 2013</date>
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, 12.86148° N, 132.82182° W,
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<quantity id="1D449B17563A550F09C7FA848B5DFAA3" box="[190,279,1292,1316]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="4910.0">4910 m</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F085AFA858BC0FAA3" box="[291,394,1293,1316]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paratype</emphasis>
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4: ZIRAS 5/50671, colony detached from nodule, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0D2BFA848E9AFAA2" box="[1106,1232,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gelendzhik</emphasis>
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cruise GLD4–09, Stn 176,
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<date id="AE021032563A550F0980FAB88B9AFACF" box="[249,464,1327,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2010-12-24">24 December 2010</date>
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, 12.93062° N, 133.56097° W,
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<quantity id="1D449B17563A550F0A5CFAA78936FAC0" box="[805,892,1327,1352]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.865" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="4865.0">4865 m</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0AFFFAB989A7FACF" box="[902,1005,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paratype</emphasis>
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5: ZIRAS 6/50672, colony attached to nodule particle, YMG R.V.
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<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F08ACFADC8819FAEA" box="[469,595,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gelendzhik</emphasis>
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cruise GLD4–09, Stn 190,
|
||
<date id="AE021032563A550F0AEBFADC8E09FAEB" box="[914,1091,1364,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2011-01-03">3 January 2011</date>
|
||
, 13.38432° N, 133.51833° W,
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17563A550F09EEFAF08AA4FA08" box="[151,238,1400,1424]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.838" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="4838.0">4838 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0980FAFF8B9FFA17" box="[249,469,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
: YMG18–01, Stns 17, 23, 27, 32; YMG4–04, Stns 52, 53, 54, 55; YMG4–06, Stns 65, 68, 73, 85, 94, 96, 105, 106, 110, 114; YMG4–07, Stns 116, 117, 120, 125, 134, 136, 141, 143; GLD4–08, Stns 144, 145, 146, 150, 154, 155, 157, 160, 161, 164; GLD4–09, Stns 165, 166, 169, 170, 173, 174, 181, 185, 193, 194, 197, 199; GLD4–11, Stns 212, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 224, 225, 226, 227, 231, 233; GLD4–12, Stns 235, 236, 245, 246, 253, 255, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 272; YMG4–13, Stns 275, 276, 282, 285, 289, 292, 293, 295, 305, 308, 310, 319, 321; YMG4–14, Stns 324, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 334, 335, 336, 338, 340, 342, 343, 346, 349, 350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 361, 363, 364, 365. Total specimens examined 203.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A66579563A550F09BEF9FC8B7AF937" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563A550F09BEF9FC8B7AF937" blockId="8.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F09BEF9FC8B04F90A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1652,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Latin and Greek,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563A550F0B6EF9FC8807F90A" authority="" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[535,589,1652,1677]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F0B6EF9FC8807F90A" box="[535,589,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a coil or spiral, alluding to the common form of the colony; used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A66579563A550E09BEF9348E47F98F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563A550F09BEF9348F17F82B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563A550F09BEF9348B13F952" bold="true" box="[199,345,1724,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony uniserial, semi-erect, white, comprising chain of zooids borne above solid substratum by elongated prop-like supports (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F0893F9578823F97F" box="[490,617,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,392,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,392,1715]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colonies of some cyclostome bryozoans, in vivo, attached to polymetallic nodules. A–E, Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp.: A, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 190; B, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 262; C, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; D, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; E, specimen GLD 4–11, Stn 212. F, Tubuliporina sp. indet., specimen YMG18–01, Stn 7. G, H, Abyssoecia elevata n. gen., n. sp.: G, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 196; H, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 191. I, Discantenna metallica n. sp.: specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224. J, K, Frontohornera frontalis n. gen., n. sp.: J, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 124; K, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 210. L, Alyonushka hystricosa n. gen., n. sp.: specimen GLD4–09, Stn 199. M, Calyssopora volcano n. gen., n. sp.: specimen YMG18–01, Stn 33. N, O, Anyuta anastema n. gen., n. sp.: N, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180; O, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 71. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437852/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F0B0CF96888F4F97F" box="[629,702,1760,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
), typically one (very rarely two) per zooid, body cavity of zooid continuous with that of prop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F089CF88C8876F89A" box="[485,572,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zooidal chain varied in disposition, either straight and more or less parallel to substratum or often ascending as open helicospiral, with up to 2.5 turns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F0D6BF8AF8E21F8C7" box="[1042,1131,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) depending on age; many colonies have form somewhat intermediate between these extremes. Branching of uniserial stem uncommon, typically near colony origin, rarely further along stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F0A73F8E78929F80F" box="[778,867,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maximum colony length or diameter
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17563A550F0C58F8E78FD2F80F" box="[1313,1432,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="12.6">12.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximum colony height
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17563A550F08C9F81C885DF82B" box="[432,535,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.74" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="3.74">3.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Most zooids seen in colonies ~24 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="05078850563A550F0ADFF81C8E47F82A" box="[934,1037,1940,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F0D61F81C8EDAF82B" box="[1048,1168,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 26 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563A550F0D80F81C8F1BF82B" box="[1273,1361,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,392,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,392,1715]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colonies of some cyclostome bryozoans, in vivo, attached to polymetallic nodules. A–E, Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp.: A, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 190; B, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 262; C, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; D, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; E, specimen GLD 4–11, Stn 212. F, Tubuliporina sp. indet., specimen YMG18–01, Stn 7. G, H, Abyssoecia elevata n. gen., n. sp.: G, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 196; H, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 191. I, Discantenna metallica n. sp.: specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224. J, K, Frontohornera frontalis n. gen., n. sp.: J, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 124; K, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 210. L, Alyonushka hystricosa n. gen., n. sp.: specimen GLD4–09, Stn 199. M, Calyssopora volcano n. gen., n. sp.: specimen YMG18–01, Stn 33. N, O, Anyuta anastema n. gen., n. sp.: N, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180; O, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 71. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437852/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563A550E09BEF8308FDFFE73" blockId="8.[151,1437,1076,2037]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Autozooids comprising proximal and distal components; axial proximal component forms part of continuous uniserial stem of colony, while distal component forms erect peristome of varying length. Frontal peristomial surface typically curving obliquely frontalwards from axial frontal surface; distal peristomial surface forming much sharper angle (up to 90°) with frontal wall of daughter zooid. Autozooidal surface wholly gymnocystal (i.e. exterior-walled), with weak longitudinal and transverse striae or wrinkles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0AAFFF578EC6FF7F" box="[982,1164,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4B, C, J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
), latter more apparent in zooidal peristomes; at higher magnification exterior surface made up of wall-perpendicular needle-like crystallites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E09E6FEAF8B5DFEC7" box="[159,279,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4P, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
). Very tiny simple pseudopores occurring sparsely in zooidal walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0D5FFEAF8EEFFEC7" box="[1062,1189,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4O–Q</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peristomial opening circular, very thin-walled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E08B4FEC48804FEE3" box="[461,590,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4J–M</figureCitation>
|
||
), becoming thicker through accretion of additional layers of crystallites. Interior surface of peristomes lined by distally imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0C74FEE78F29FE0F" box="[1293,1379,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4N</figureCitation>
|
||
) that tend to be shorter and chunkier in proximal axial walls of zooids, especially around interior openings of pseudopores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E084AFE3F8BC4FE57" box="[307,398,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zooidal axial and peristomial lengths generally similar, but can be independently variable, with peristomes slightly shorter than, or up to more than twice length of proximal axial portion of zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0C57FE548FC2FE73" box="[1326,1416,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550E09BEFE778B5FFD2F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Budding of daughter zooids achieved by development of partition from floor of parent zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0D93FE778F29FD9F" box="[1258,1379,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) that slopes frontalwards under elevating peristomial portion, with completed parent zooids overlapping proximal portion of daughter zooids; thus parts of 2–3 zooidal chambers seen in transverse section of stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0DA7FDCF8F72FDE7" box="[1246,1336,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lessattenuated colonies with tight helicospiral form, axis becomes thicker (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0A81FDE48E35FD03" box="[1016,1151,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and budding sites are condensed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550E09BEFD3C8F23FC22" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Prop-like supports elevate colony after its founding. These greatly variable in size and form. Some props have widened (up to three times wider than their mean diameter) bases at their points of contact with substratum. Typically, one prop per autozooid, originating near point where internal partitioning of daughter autozooid takes place (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E099FFC978B03FCBF" box="[230,329,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[314,1278,193,1516]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255. A, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks; B, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper); C, same, close-up; D, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores; E–I, variability of zooid size and geometry: E, elongated zooids with tall peristomes; F, part of ring-like colony; G, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props; H, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases; I, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken; J, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface; K, lateral view of tubular peristome; L, peristomial aperture, frontal view; M, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores; N, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore; O, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores; P, Q, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0823FC978B36FCBF" box="[346,380,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); sometimes additional prop interpolated in series (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0D6CFC978E39FCBF" box="[1045,1139,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
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). Props can be length of peristome or very much longer and almost filiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0B8AFCCC8907FCDB" box="[755,845,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
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). Short, stumpy props that do not reach substratum appear to represent repaired broken props. Where they encounter substratum, proximal ends of props have short branches that splay out over irregularities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0B0FFC0488B8FC22" box="[630,754,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tiny sparse pseudopores occur in prop walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0C7EFC048F16FC22" box="[1287,1372,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550E09BEFC278BE4FC40" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,430,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gonozooid not seen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550E09BEFC5C8BC3FBB2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Ancestrula erect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E08EEFC5C885DFC6A" box="[407,535,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5G–L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Protoecium short, rounded, squat, imperforate, broader than peristome that emerges from its dome, with scarcely any differentiation in calcification. Peristome typically bent in direction of initial colony growth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550E09BEFBB78EB4FB43" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E09BEFBB78B8FFBDF" bold="true" box="[199,453,1087,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="05078850563B550E08B5FBB7887DFBDF" box="[460,567,1087,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, ZIRAS 1/50667 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0A7DFBB78934FBDF" box="[772,894,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
): Colony height 3.74, length 2.91, width 2.58 (L × W =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563B550E0993FBEC8B68FBFA" authority="" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[234,290,1124,1149]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix">helix</taxonomicName>
|
||
in frontal view); ZL 1.373–1.918 (1.628 ± 0.181) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0A17FBED8936FBFB" box="[878,892,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8); PrL 0.458–2.443 (1.518 ± 0.999) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0C37FBED8F16FBFB" box="[1358,1372,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3); PrD 0.120–0.186 (0.145 ± 0.035) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0B51FB01887CFB27" box="[552,566,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3); PeL 0.243–0.442 (0.318 ± 0.067) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0D6AFB018E6BFB27" box="[1043,1057,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8); PeD 0.177–0.186 (0.181 ± 0.003) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0996FB258AB7FB43" box="[239,253,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); ApL 0.170–0.178 (0.173 ± 0.003) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0BB4FB258891FB43" box="[717,731,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); ApW 0.162–0.170 (0.165 ± 0.004) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0DCDFB258E88FB43" box="[1204,1218,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550E09BEFB598E53FAD2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0B6EFB47883BFB6F" box="[535,625,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Colony height 3.39, length 6.41, width 4.88 (L × W = size of coil in frontal view); ZL 1.443–2.288 (1.989 ± 0.287) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0BCDFB7D8888FA8B" box="[692,706,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); PrL 1.211–3.165 (2.373 ± 0.672) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0DF0FB7D8EDDFA8B" box="[1161,1175,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); PrD 0.073–0.104 (0.082 ± 0.012) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E082EFA918B2FFAB7" box="[343,357,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); PeL 0.516–0.893 (0.776 ± 0.137) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0A4DFA918908FAB7" box="[820,834,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); PeD 0.174–0.185 (0.180 ± 0.004) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0C6DFA918F68FAB7" box="[1300,1314,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); ApL 0.165–0.173 (0.168 ± 0.003) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0891FAB58BBCFAD3" box="[488,502,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); ApW 0.155–0.164 (0.160 ± 0.004) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0AB6FAB58997FAD3" box="[975,989,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550E09BEFAE98878FA62" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0B6BFAD78827FAFF" box="[530,621,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[291,1306,193,1685]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672. A, apical, and C, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props; B, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination; D, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props; E, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations; F, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props; G, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
): Colony height 2.52, length 6.92; ZL 1.823–2.838 (2.261 ± 0.338) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0C0FFAE98FCEFAFF" box="[1398,1412,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); PrL 0.628–0.993 (0.834 ± 0.149) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0B3AFA0D881BFA1B" box="[579,593,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); PrD 0.083–0.138 (0.108 ± 0.019) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0D59FA0D8E64FA1B" box="[1056,1070,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); PeL 0.924–1.581 (1.214 ± 0.244) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E098DFA218B48FA47" box="[244,258,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); PeD 0.178–0.198 (0.190 ± 0.007) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0B81FA21894CFA47" box="[760,774,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); ApL 0.173–0.185 (0.180 ± 0.004) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0D87FA218F46FA47" box="[1278,1292,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6); ApW 0.161–0.187 (0.174 ± 0.009) (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0891FA458BBCFA63" box="[488,502,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550E09BEFA798E47F98F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1037,1519,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Non-type specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563B550E0BECFA678942F98F" box="[661,776,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
): AnPeD 0.156 (
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0ABAFA79899BF98F" box="[963,977,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A66579563B550909BEF99C882CFE72" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563B550D09BEF99C8BC3FE9A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E09BEF99C8B71F9AA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1556,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the collections examined for this study,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563B550E0A59F99C89B9F9AA" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[800,1011,1556,1581]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0A59F99C89B9F9AA" box="[800,1011,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pandanipora helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0A80F99C8E72F9AA" bold="true" box="[1017,1080,1556,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B563B550E0A80F99C8E72F9AA" box="[1017,1080,1556,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is represented by 203 colonies, which makes it all the more remarkable that not one bears a gonozooid. One possibility is that it never has gonozooids, but, among living cyclostomes, only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563B550E0A1CF9D489B4F9F2" box="[869,1022,1628,1653]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Cinctiporidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Cinctiporidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
unequivocally lack such structures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B03563B550E09E7F9F78BDFF91F" box="[158,405,1663,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref33017" refString="Boardman, R. S., McKinney, F. K. & Taylor, P. D. (1992) Morphology, anatomy, and systematics of the Cinctiporidae, new family (Bryozoa: Stenolaemata). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 70, i - iv + 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810266.70.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Boardman
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0862F9098B06F91F" box="[283,332,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Insofar as cinctiporids have exceptionally large autozooids, it appears likely that oogenesis and embryo formation takes place within them (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B03563B550E0BA4F92C898FF93B" box="[733,965,1700,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref36753" refString="Schwaha, T., Handschuh, S., Ostrovsky, A. N. & Wanninger, A. (2018) Morphology of the bryozoan Cinctipora elegans (Cyclostomata, Cinctiporidae) with the first data on its sexual reproduction and the cyclostome neuro-muscular system. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1206 - 1" type="journal article">
|
||
Schwaha
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0A30F92D8930F93A" box="[841,890,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Zooidal size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563B550E0DFDF92C8F1FF93A" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1156,1365,1700,1725]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0DFDF92C8F1FF93A" box="[1156,1365,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pandanipora helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0C24F92C8FD6F93A" bold="true" box="[1373,1436,1700,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B563B550E0C24F92C8FD6F93A" box="[1373,1436,1700,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is not exceptional and there seems no reason that a peristomial gonozooid like that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563B550E0D19F9418F54F967" authorityName="Moyano" authorityYear="1991" box="[1120,1310,1737,1760]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Stomatoporidae" genus="Peristomatopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0D19F9418F54F967" box="[1120,1310,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Peristomatopora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should not be present. Gonozooids were also notably absent from most colonies in the large collection of Antarctic cyclostomes studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B03563B550E08D7F88788A0F8AF" box="[430,746,1807,1832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref36288" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. & Taylor, P. D. (1996) Systematics of some Antarctic Idmidronea and Exidmonea (Bryozoa: Cyclostomata). Journal of Natural History, 30, 1549 - 1575. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939600770881" type="journal article">Ostrovsky & Taylor (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B03563B550E0A51F8878E4AF8AF" box="[808,1024,1807,1832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref36121" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (1998 a) The genus Anguisia as a model of a possible origin of erect growth in some Cyclostomatida (Bryozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 124, 355 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1998. tb 00581. x" type="journal article">Ostrovsky (1998a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. What is striking is that non-fertile colonies otherwise were of the same size as those bearing gonozooids, thus supporting the idea that incubation chambers will develop only if a colony is fertilized by alien sperm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B03563B550E0AF2F8DF8E6AF8F7" box="[907,1056,1879,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref36608" refString="Ryland, J. (1996) Polyembryony ' paradox': the case of cyclostomate Bryozoa'. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0169 - 5347 (96) 80240 - 0" type="journal article">Ryland 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In other words, sperm limitation may be a reason for the lack of gonozooids in many colonies. Experiments conducted on two cyclostome species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE2D4B03563B550E09C4F8288BE4F83E" box="[189,430,1952,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref35163" refString="Jenkins, H. L., Bishop, J. D. D. & Hughes, R. N. (2015) Prudent female allocation by modular hermaphrodites: female investment is promoted by the opportunity to outcross in cyclostome bryozoans. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 116, 593 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12631" type="journal article">
|
||
Jenkins
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563B550E0865F8298B1AF83E" box="[284,336,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed restrained female investment in the absence of mating opportunity; either the production of female zooids and progeny is much reduced in reproductive isolation, or development of gonozooids begins, but ceases further development in the absence of mating opportunity. Another possibility in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D0C71FF1F8A87FF52" authority="" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0C71FF1F8A87FF52" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pandanipora helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that incubation chambers are produced but are shed after release of embryos. Alternatively, gonozooids may be very fragile, and lost during the process of collection from the seafloor and subsequent processing of the polymetallic nodules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A5638550D09EEF9668831F85D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437852/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1774,1796]" targetBox="[151,1436,392,1715]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25638550D09EEF9668831F85D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1774,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D09EEF9668B5FF883" bold="true" box="[151,277,1774,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies of some cyclostome bryozoans,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0BB7F967895EF883" box="[718,788,1775,1796]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, attached to polymetallic nodules.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0DF8F9668EFBF883" bold="true" box="[1153,1201,1774,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A–E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D0DB9F9668F35F883" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1216,1407,1774,1796]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0DB9F9668F35F883" box="[1216,1407,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pandanipora helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5638550D0CFEF9668B43F8A5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0CFEF9668A89F8A5" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D09A9F8848B43F8A5" bold="true" box="[208,265,1804,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D086EF8848B63F8A5" bold="true" box="[279,297,1804,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 190;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0B15F8848837F8A5" bold="true" box="[620,637,1804,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 262;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0AB8F8848999F8A5" bold="true" box="[961,979,1804,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0C64F8848F65F8A5" bold="true" box="[1309,1327,1804,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0804F8A38BC4F8C6" bold="true" box="[381,398,1835,1857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD 4–11, Stn 212.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0B8FF8A38949F8C6" bold="true" box="[758,771,1835,1857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D0A6FF8A389D0F8C6" box="[790,922,1835,1857]" class="Stenolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tubuliporina">Tubuliporina</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. indet., specimen YMG18–01, Stn 7.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0C26F8A38F3AF8C6" bold="true" box="[1375,1392,1835,1857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0CFBF8A38FDCF8C6" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1835,1857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D09EEF8C28B12F8E7" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,344,1866,1888]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Oncousoeciidae" genus="Abyssoecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="elevata" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D09EEF8C28B12F8E7" box="[151,344,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abyssoecia elevata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5638550D0826F8C28BA6F8E7" box="[351,492,1866,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0826F8C28BECF8E7" bold="true" box="[351,422,1866,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D08CAF8C28BA6F8E7" bold="true" box="[435,492,1866,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0880F8C28840F8E7" bold="true" box="[505,522,1866,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 196;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0A35F8C2892AF8E7" bold="true" box="[844,864,1866,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 191.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0DD8F8C28EE1F8E7" bold="true" box="[1185,1195,1866,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D0DCEF8C38FD1F8E7" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1207,1435,1866,1888]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Plagioeciidae" genus="Discantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="metallica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0DCEF8C38FD1F8E7" box="[1207,1435,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Discantenna metallica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D09EEF8E08A9EF8F9" bold="true" box="[151,212,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5638550D09EEF8E08A9EF8F9" box="[151,212,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0B50F8E0887CF8F9" bold="true" box="[553,566,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">J</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0B3EF8E08811F8F9" bold="true" box="[583,603,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D0B15F8E08928F8F9" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[620,866,1896,1918]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Horneridae" genus="Frontohornera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="frontalis" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0B15F8E08928F8F9" box="[620,866,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Frontohornera frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5638550D0A15F8E08E4CF8F9" box="[876,1030,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0A15F8E089F2F8F9" bold="true" box="[876,952,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0AB0F8E08E4CF8F9" bold="true" box="[969,1030,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0D61F8E08E6FF8F9" bold="true" box="[1048,1061,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">J</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 124;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0CFBF8E08FDCF8F9" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1896,1918]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 210.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D08B3F80F8B91F81A" bold="true" box="[458,475,1927,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D089EF80F8886F81A" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[487,716,1927,1949]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Alyonushka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hystricosa" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D089EF80F8886F81A" box="[487,716,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Alyonushka hystricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5638550D0BABF80F8915F81A" box="[722,863,1927,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0BABF80F8950F81A" bold="true" box="[722,794,1927,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0A5FF80F8915F81A" bold="true" box="[806,863,1927,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: specimen GLD4–09, Stn 199.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0DD8F80F8EF3F81A" bold="true" box="[1185,1209,1927,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D0DBCF80F8FD6F81A" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1221,1436,1927,1949]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Calyssopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="volcano" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0DBCF80F8FD6F81A" box="[1221,1436,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calyssopora volcano</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5638550D09EEF82E8B61F83B" box="[151,299,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D09EEF82E8AABF83B" bold="true" box="[151,225,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0996F82E8B61F83B" bold="true" box="[239,299,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: specimen YMG18–01, Stn 33.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0B06F82E88DBF83B" bold="true" box="[639,657,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0BD8F82E88FFF83B" bold="true" box="[673,693,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715638550D0BBDF82F893FF83B" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[708,885,1959,1980]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Lichenoporidae" genus="Anyuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="anastema" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0BBDF82F893FF83B" box="[708,885,1959,1980]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Anyuta anastema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5638550D0A07F82E8E58F83B" box="[894,1042,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0A07F82E8982F83B" bold="true" box="[894,968,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0AAEF82E8E58F83B" bold="true" box="[983,1042,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0D5BF82E8E7EF83B" bold="true" box="[1058,1076,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05638550D0CFBF82E8FDCF83B" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 71. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A5639550C09EEF92B895FF86C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437854/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1699,1721]" targetBox="[291,1306,193,1685]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F25639550C09EEF92B895FF86C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1699,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C09EEF92B8B58F93E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1699,1721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D715639550C0860F92B8B9CF93E" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,470,1699,1721]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C0860F92B8B9CF93E" box="[281,470,1699,1721]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pandanipora helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B5639550C08A5F92B8823F93E" box="[476,617,1699,1721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C08A5F92B886EF93E" bold="true" box="[476,548,1699,1721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C0B56F92B8823F93E" bold="true" box="[559,617,1699,1721]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype and paratype colonies. A, C, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; B, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; D, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; E, paratype 3, ZIRAS 4/50670; F, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; G, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C0831F9688B10F971" bold="true" box="[328,346,1760,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
|
||
, apical, and
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C08A6F9688BBBF971" bold="true" box="[479,497,1760,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral views of the spiral holotype colony with widened apical part of axis of zooids with mostly broken, shortened peristomes and supported by rare, distanced, elongated tubular props;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C0D03F9778EC1F892" bold="true" box="[1146,1163,1791,1813]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
|
||
, ring-like colony showing attenuated zooids with elongated, gently arcuate tubular peristomes tilted outwards, and supported by strongly elongated, slightly crooked filiform props; note one prop at lower left bifurcated near termination;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C0D5BF8B48E7EF8D5" bold="true" box="[1058,1076,1852,1874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
|
||
, crescentic colony showing zooids with elongated, arcuate tubular peristomes angled outwards, and supported by shortened straight props;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C0DB0F8D38E90F8F6" bold="true" box="[1225,1242,1883,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
|
||
, colony bifurcated near point of origin showing linear chain of zooids with straight peristomes; supported by short props, some with widened terminations;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C085FF8108B79F829" bold="true" box="[294,307,1944,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">F</emphasis>
|
||
, arcuate colony with thicker zooids having widened tubular peristomes, supported by gradually shortening props;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE05639550C09A5F83F8AA7F84A" bold="true" box="[220,237,1975,1997]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G</emphasis>
|
||
, straight colony with greatly elongated peristomes, supported by regular series of props with expanded terminal bases, including four attached to piece of nodule. Scale bars: 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A563E550B09EEFA728820F85C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437856/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1530,1552]" targetBox="[314,1278,193,1516]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563E550B09EEFA728820F85C" blockId="12.[151,1436,1530,2011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B09EEFA728B5FF997" bold="true" box="[151,277,1530,1552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563E550B0866FA728B95F997" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[287,479,1530,1552]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0866FA728B95F997" box="[287,479,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pandanipora helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B563E550B0891FA728834F997" box="[488,638,1530,1552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0891FA728879F997" bold="true" box="[488,563,1530,1552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0B3BFA728834F997" bold="true" box="[578,638,1530,1552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Details of morphology. A, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B–D, paratype 4, ZIRAS 5/50671; E, paratype 5, ZIRAS 6/50672; F, G, Q, paratype 1, ZIRAS 2/50668; H, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 217; I, holotype, ZIRAS 1/50667; J, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 68; K, O, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; M, paratype 2, ZIRAS 3/50669; N, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; P, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 255.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0D90F9DD8EB1F9EC" bold="true" box="[1257,1275,1621,1643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
, distal view of growing edge of colony showing early differentiation of daughter zooid and prop from the floor of the parent zooid, with chambers arranged in stacks;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B08BCF91B8B9CF92E" bold="true" box="[453,470,1683,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
, growing edge of colony showing differentiation of a daughter zooid (lower) from the floor of the parent zooid (upper);
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B08EFF93A8BE2F94F" bold="true" box="[406,424,1714,1736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
, same, close-up;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0B2EF93A8823F94F" bold="true" box="[599,617,1714,1736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
, interior surface of developing zooid chamber showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and openings of pseudopores;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0B86F958896DF961" bold="true" box="[767,807,1744,1766]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E–I</emphasis>
|
||
, variability of zooid size and geometry:
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0DB6F9588EAAF961" bold="true" box="[1231,1248,1744,1766]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
, elongated zooids with tall peristomes;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B080DF9678BCBF882" bold="true" box="[372,385,1775,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
, part of ring-like colony;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0BEFF96788EDF882" bold="true" box="[662,679,1775,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view of same colony, two zooids near-perpendicular to plane of props;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0999F8858ABEF8A4" bold="true" box="[224,244,1805,1827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
|
||
, arcuate colony with overlapping peristome bases;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0A6AF8858957F8A4" bold="true" box="[787,797,1805,1827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">I</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view of apical coil of spiral colony with subconnate peristome bases and shortened peristomes, most broken;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0B9BF8A488A5F8C5" bold="true" box="[738,751,1836,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J</emphasis>
|
||
, frontolateral view of tubular peristome showing annular striae on the surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B086BF8C38B6CF8E6" bold="true" box="[274,294,1867,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">K</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view of tubular peristome;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0BF3F8C388D1F8E6" bold="true" box="[650,667,1867,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
|
||
, peristomial aperture, frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0D7EF8C38E55F8E6" bold="true" box="[1031,1055,1867,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M</emphasis>
|
||
, oblique view of peristomial aperture showing imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites and interior openings of pseudopores;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0DC3F8E28E86F807" bold="true" box="[1210,1228,1898,1920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
, imbricated foliated fabric of wedge-shaped crystallites around internal opening of pseudopore;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0ABCF8008993F819" bold="true" box="[965,985,1928,1950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O</emphasis>
|
||
, zooidal wall showing tiny sparse simple pseudopores;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B085BF82F8B65F83A" bold="true" box="[290,303,1959,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563E550B0842F82F8B05F83A" bold="true" box="[315,335,1959,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Q</emphasis>
|
||
, close-up of zooidal wall showing crystallites. Scale bars: A, B, G, 250 µm; C, J, K, O, 100 µm; D, N, 10 µm; E, F, H, I, 500 µm; L, M, Q, 50 µm; P, 15 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8EC3667A563F550A09EEF92A88E5F861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1677]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563F550A09EEF92A88E5F861" blockId="13.[151,1436,1698,2022]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A09EEF92A8B5EF93F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1698,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563F550A0865F92A8B91F93F" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[284,475,1698,1720]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0865F92A8B91F93F" box="[284,475,1698,1720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pandanipora helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B563F550A089DF92A883CF93F" box="[484,630,1698,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A089DF92A8867F93F" bold="true" box="[484,557,1698,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0B42F92A883CF93F" bold="true" box="[571,630,1698,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321.
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0AE3F96D8981F97C" bold="true" box="[922,971,1765,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0AA1F96D89AFF97C" bold="true" box="[984,997,1765,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
|
||
, prop morphology:
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0DCBF96D8E8EF97C" bold="true" box="[1202,1220,1765,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
|
||
, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0BB9F88E889BF89B" bold="true" box="[704,721,1798,1820]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
|
||
, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A082BF8AF8B2EF8BA" bold="true" box="[338,356,1831,1853]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
, same, close-up;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0B6DF8AF886CF8BA" bold="true" box="[532,550,1831,1853]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
|
||
, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A09EEF8C18AE2F8D8" bold="true" box="[151,168,1865,1887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
||
, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0C48F8E28F74F807" bold="true" box="[1329,1342,1898,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
|
||
, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A09EEF8258A8BF844" bold="true" box="[151,193,1965,1987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G–I</emphasis>
|
||
, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome;
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563F550A0A70F825897EF844" bold="true" box="[777,820,1965,1987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">J–L</emphasis>
|
||
, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563C550909BEFF1F8807FE2A" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Harmelin & d’Hondt (1982) illustrated an unnamed species from
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17563C55090ADEFF108E0BFF28" box="[935,1089,152,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4105" metricValueMax="3.429" metricValueMin="3.392" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3410.5" valueMax="3429.0" valueMin="3392.0">3392–3429 m</quantity>
|
||
depth off the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A2AB7662563C55090C44FF1F8FD6FF37" box="[1341,1436,151,176]" name="Suriname" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
that conforms to the characters of the genus. D’Hondt & Schopf (1985) reported this same species again from
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17563C55090C0BFF348AE7FF70" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.43" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="943.0">943 m</quantity>
|
||
off Recife and
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17563C55090806FF57886EFF70" box="[383,548,223,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.621" metricValueMax="3.783" metricValueMin="3.4589999999999996" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="3621.0" valueMax="3783.0" valueMin="3459.0">3459–3783 m</quantity>
|
||
on the equatorial mid-Atlantic Ridge. What they interpreted as ‘épines autozoéciales’ appear in their illustrations to be broken prop-like supports, of proportionately smaller diameter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563C550909C1FEA18B41FEC7" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[184,267,295,320]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563C550909C1FEA18B41FEC7" box="[184,267,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563C55090862FEAF8B14FEC7" bold="true" box="[283,350,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B563C55090862FEAF8B14FEC7" box="[283,350,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Even closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563C55090B66FEA18839FEC7" authority="" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[543,627,295,320]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563C55090B66FEA18839FEC7" box="[543,627,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in appearance, and almost certainly conspecific, was a colony from
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17563C550909EEFEC48B78FEE3" box="[151,306,332,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.072" metricValueMax="6.079" metricValueMin="6.0649999999999995" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="6072.0" valueMax="6079.0" valueMin="6065.0">6065–6079 m</quantity>
|
||
in the central North Pacific north of the Hawaiian seamount chain. Based on this evidence, it appears likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DBC4D71563C55090877FEF98B2AFE0F" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik, 2018" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Melnik" authorityYear="2018" box="[270,352,367,392]" class="Stenolaemata" genus="Pandanipora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="helix" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563C55090877FEF98B2AFE0F" box="[270,352,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563C5509081EFEE78BEDFE0F" bold="true" box="[359,423,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3FB579B563C5509081EFEE78BEDFE0F" box="[359,423,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may be fairly widespread in the abyssal north
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1878F810563C55090ACBFEE78E4FFE0F" box="[946,1029,367,392]" country="Fiji" name="Central" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pacific, with an undescribed sibling species in the abyssal tropical Atlantic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563C550909BEFE30882CFE72" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Our material shows up to five brown bodies retained in zooidal chambers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="42872A77563C55090D34FE3F8EE3FE57" box="[1101,1193,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp. A, K, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 289; B, C, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 308; D, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; E, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 219; F, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 330; G–I, specimen YMG4–14, Stn 326; J, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 258; L, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 321. A–D, F, prop morphology: A, vertical and oblique columnar props attached to nodule by expanded tips; B, curved props attached to nodule irregularities by expanded tips with complex outlines; C, same, close-up; D, single elongated prop from its inception in the zooid basal wall to its distal expansion; E, light micrograph of colony showing successively overlapping zooids with their coelomic cavities continuing into the props with no intervening septum or pore, as well as 2–5 brown bodies located centrally to proximally in several zooids; F, prop tip showing opening towards substratum and internal surface with wedge-shaped crystallites, structurally analogous to peristome; G–I, ancestrula and daughter zooid budded from peristome; J–L, ancestrula and postancestrular zooids. Scale bars: A, B, E, 500 µm; C, D, J–L, 250 µm; F, 50 µm; G–I, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437858/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
), indicating multiple regression and regeneration of polypides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92A66579563C550909BEFE77884EFDBB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA0336F2563C550909BEFE77884EFDBB" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C8EAE0563C550909BEFE778B2AFD9F" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Recorded from 118 stations within coordinates 12.26676–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BF885035563C55090A81FE778EC3FD90" box="[1016,1161,511,536]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="14.64985">14.64985° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 129.08802–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BF885035563C55090C65FE778AF8FDBB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="-134.6706">134.67060° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, at depth range
|
||
<quantity id="1D449B17563C5509081BFDAC884AFDBB" box="[354,512,548,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9785" metricValueMax="5.279999999999999" metricValueMin="4.677" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="4978.5" valueMax="5280.0" valueMin="4677.0">4677–5280 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |